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We therefore investigated the association between childhood and adolescent factors and subsequent DTC incidence in women.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We used data from 47,913 women enrolled (2003\u20132009) in the U.S. nationwide Sister Study cohort who were cancer-free at baseline. We used Cox regression models to assess associations of DTC incidence with self-reported baseline characteristics, including perceived body size, hormonal, lifestyle, and socioeconomic factors through age 20, adjusting for attained age (timescale), and race\/ethnicity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Over follow-up (median: 13.1\u00a0years), 239 DTC cases were identified. Factors associated with higher DTC incidence included being taller than peers at age 10 (hazard ratio [HR]\u2009=\u20091.41, 95% confidence interval [CI]\u2009=\u20091.06\u20131.89), being lighter (HR\u2009=\u20091.37, 95%CI\u2009=\u20090.97\u20131.91) or heavier (HR\u2009=\u20091.28, 95%CI\u2009=\u20090.96\u20131.71) than peers during teen years, and ever not having enough to eat during childhood (HR\u2009=\u20091.67, 95%CI\u2009=\u20091.15\u20132.43). DTC incidence was lower among those with childhood higher household educational level (HR\n                      <jats:sub>Bachelor\u2019s degree or higher vs high school, GED or less<\/jats:sub>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.75, 95%CI\u2009=\u20090.55\u20131.03). We did not find notable associations for other factors.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our findings suggest that childhood growth, nutrition, and socioeconomic factors may influence DTC incidence in women.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10552-025-02085-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,20]],"date-time":"2026-02-20T09:34:31Z","timestamp":1771580071000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Childhood and Adolescent Factors and Thyroid Cancer Incidence in Adult Women in the Sister Study Cohort"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"Thi-Van-Trinh","family":"Tran","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Katie M.","family":"O\u2019Brien","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rebecca","family":"Troisi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dale P.","family":"Sandler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6416-4432","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cari M.","family":"Kitahara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"2085_CR1","unstructured":"Ferlay J, Ervik M, Lam F, Colombet M, Mery L, Pi\u00f1eros M, Znaor A, Soerjomataram I, Bray F (2020) Global Cancer Observatory: Cancer Today. 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