{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]],"date-time":"2026-03-13T10:16:18Z","timestamp":1773396978847,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,6]],"date-time":"2026-02-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770336000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,6]],"date-time":"2026-02-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770336000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006034","name":"University of Southern California","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006034","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancer Causes Control"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Education has long been established as a key determinant of health, with prior research linking higher educational attainment to improved health outcomes and better self-management of chronic disease. This analysis investigated diverging trends in breast cancer incidence among cohorts of non-Hispanic Black (NHB) and non-Hispanic White (NHW) women of school age during public school integration in the southern United States following\n                      <jats:italic>Brown v. Board of Education<\/jats:italic>\n                      .\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Using U.S. Cancer Statistics data from 2001 to 2019, I conducted several segmented linear regressions comparing trends in annual breast cancer incidence among women in Missouri and South Carolina born between 1937 and 1950, as these two states\u2019 responses to\n                      <jats:italic>Brown v. Board<\/jats:italic>\n                      starkly contrasted one another. I hypothesized that, given Missouri\u2019s swift integration of public schools in 1955\u2014versus South Carolina\u2019s continued resistance to integration through 1970\u2014I\u2019d observe significant changes in trend after age 62, the median age of breast cancer diagnosis, among NHB women in Missouri born from 1944 to 1950.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Among NHB women in Missouri born from 1944 to 1950, I observed a significant reduction in breast cancer incidence post-cutoff relative to NHW women in Missouri (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001) and NHB women in South Carolina (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.017) within the same birth cohort. In both states, I observed no significant differences in incidence among NHB and NHW women born from 1937 to 1943.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Public school integration appears to have been associated with long-term protective spillover effects against breast cancer among younger Black students in Missouri, underscoring the importance of, and continued need for, policies that combat lingering de facto school segregation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10552-025-02124-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,6]],"date-time":"2026-02-06T10:24:41Z","timestamp":1770373481000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Spillover effects of public school integration in the southern United States: diverging trends in statewide annual breast cancer incidence, 2001\u20132019"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"37","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-8693-1302","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohin","family":"Chanpura","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,6]]},"reference":[{"issue":"25","key":"2124_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2349","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMp2200244","volume":"386","author":"I Jatoi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Jatoi I, Sung H, Jemal A (2022) The emergence of racial disparities in U.S. breast-cancer mortality. 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