{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T07:49:28Z","timestamp":1782460168859,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":90,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,26]],"date-time":"2026-05-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779753600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,26]],"date-time":"2026-05-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779753600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancer Causes Control"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are hypothesized to increase breast cancer risk via social and physiological pathways, yet associations between ACEs and young-onset breast cancer (BC) subtypes\u2013and potential mediators (e.g., adiposity) of these associations\u2013are largely unstudied. We sought to evaluate associations between ACEs and young-onset BC molecular subtypes, and the potential mediating effects of adiposity, in a population-based case\u2013control study of invasive young-onset BC.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cases (n\u2009=\u20091,754) were identified from the Los Angeles County and Metropolitan Detroit SEER registries, 2010\u20132015, and area-based, frequency-matched controls (n\u2009=\u20091,350) sampled from the 2010 Census. Associations between ACEs aged\u2009&lt;\u200918\u00a0years and young-onset BC (diagnosed ages 20 to\u2009&lt;\u200950\u00a0years), overall and by subtype (luminal A, luminal B, HER2\u2009+\u2009, triple negative [TN]), were examined using weighted logistic regression. Adult adiposity (i.e., body mass index 12\u00a0months before diagnosis, waist circumference at interview) was evaluated as a mediator of these associations using weighted path analyses.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      ACEs (\u2265\u20091 vs 0) were not significantly associated with young-onset BC (all p\n                      <jats:sub>trend<\/jats:sub>\n                      \u2009&gt;\u20090.10); however, reporting one ACE (vs 0) was associated with TN (odds ratio [OR]\u2009=\u20091.85 [95% confidence interval [95%CI]\u2009=\u20091.08\u20133.16]). For individual ACEs,\n                      <jats:italic>death of a loved one<\/jats:italic>\n                      (vs 0 ACEs) was associated with HER2\u2009+\u2009(OR\u2009=\u20092.50 [95%CI\u2009=\u20091.06\u20135.88]) and potentially TN (OR\u2009=\u20091.72 [95%CI\u2009=\u20090.96\u20133.10]) young-onset BC; other associations were non-significant. In path analyses, ACEs had a significant total effect on luminal A (\u03b2\u2009=\u20090.08, p\u2009=\u20090.03) and TN (\u03b2\u2009=\u20090.13, p\u2009&lt;\u20090.01) tumors, with adiposity mitigating this association for luminal A tumors\u00a0(\u03b2\u2009=\u2009-0.01, p\u2009=\u20090.04; TN \u03b2\u2009=\u20090.00, p\u2009&gt;\u20090.05).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Bereavement during childhood was associated with higher odds of HER2\u2009+\u2009young-onset BC, and there was some evidence of an association between ACEs and other young-onset BC subtypes, particularly TN.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10552-026-02171-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,26]],"date-time":"2026-05-26T09:56:25Z","timestamp":1779789385000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Adverse childhood experiences, adult adiposity, and risk of young-onset breast cancer subtypes in a population-based case-control study"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"37","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3748-5921","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lydia","family":"Marcus Post","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4632-0934","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Young Ik","family":"Cho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2306-650X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"James","family":"Topitzes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7551-1855","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"DPhuong","family":"Do","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5318-3985","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dorothy R.","family":"Pathak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5898-2308","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ann S.","family":"Hamilton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5882-1026","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amani M.","family":"Nuru-Jeter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0050-655X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kelly A.","family":"Hirko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7050-4931","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jamila L.","family":"Kwarteng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5022-2275","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Richard","family":"Houang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ann G.","family":"Schwartz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6865-9715","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ellen M.","family":"Velie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,26]]},"reference":[{"issue":"7","key":"2171_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"822","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djad069","volume":"115","author":"AT Haque","year":"2023","unstructured":"Haque AT et al (2023) Cancer mortality rates by racial and ethnic groups in the United States, 2018-2020. 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