{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T08:09:26Z","timestamp":1789027766553,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,8]],"date-time":"2026-08-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786147200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,8]],"date-time":"2026-08-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786147200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancer Causes Control"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10552-026-02224-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,8]],"date-time":"2026-08-08T07:42:01Z","timestamp":1786174921000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Age and sex differences in the global cancer burden"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"37","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-8920-3731","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Taylor","family":"Hughes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Malak","family":"Ibrahim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hyuna","family":"Sung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sophie","family":"Pilleron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miranda","family":"Fidler-Benaoudia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"2224_CR1","first-page":"229","volume":"74","author":"F Bray","year":"2024","unstructured":"Bray F, Laversanne M, Sung H, Ferlay J, Siegel RL, Soerjomataram I, Jemal A (2024) Global cancer statistics 2022: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J Clin 74:229\u2013263","journal-title":"CA Cancer J Clin"},{"key":"2224_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2443198","DOI":"10.1001\/JAMANETWORKOPEN.2024.43198","volume":"7","author":"HM Bizuayehu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Bizuayehu HM, Ahmed KY, Kibret GD, Dadi AF, Belachew SA, Bagade T, Tegegne TK, Venchiarutti RL, Kibret KT, Hailegebireal AH, Assefa Y, Khan MN, Abajobir A, Alene KA, Mengesha Z, Erku D, Enquobahrie DA, Minas TZ, Misgan E, Ross AG (2024) Global disparities of cancer and its projected burden in 2050. JAMA Netw Open 7:e2443198\u2013e2443198. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/JAMANETWORKOPEN.2024.43198","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"2224_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1038\/s41571-021-00514-z","volume":"18","author":"I Soerjomataram","year":"2021","unstructured":"Soerjomataram I, Bray F (2021) Planning for tomorrow: global cancer incidence and the role of prevention 2020\u20132070. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 18:663\u2013672. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41571-021-00514-z","journal-title":"Nat Rev Clin Oncol"},{"key":"2224_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"943","DOI":"10.1038\/s41416-019-0721-1","volume":"122","author":"E Laconi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Laconi E, Marongiu F, DeGregori J (2020) Cancer as a disease of old age: changing mutational and microenvironmental landscapes. Br J Cancer 122:943\u2013952. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41416-019-0721-1","journal-title":"Br J Cancer"},{"key":"2224_CR5","first-page":"12","volume":"74","author":"RL Siegel Mph","year":"2024","unstructured":"Siegel Mph RL, Giaquinto AN, Ahmedin I, Dvm J, Siegel RL (2024) Cancer statistics 2024. CA Cancer J Clin 74:12\u201349","journal-title":"CA Cancer J Clin"},{"key":"2224_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.70244","author":"N Rodet","year":"2025","unstructured":"Rodet N, Zahed H, Colombet M, Bray F, Mccormack V (2025) Understanding age and sex differentials in cancer incidence and mortality: an international population-based study. Int J Cancer. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ijc.70244","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"key":"2224_CR7","unstructured":"UN Statistics Division (2021) Methodology Standard country or area codes for statistical use (M49). In: United Nations. https:\/\/unstats.un.org\/unsd\/methodology\/m49\/. Accessed 13 Nov 2025"},{"key":"2224_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1336","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.35278","volume":"156","author":"AM Filho","year":"2025","unstructured":"Filho AM, Laversanne M, Ferlay J, Colombet M, Pi\u00f1eros M, Znaor A, Parkin DM, Soerjomataram I, Bray F (2025) The GLOBOCAN 2022 cancer estimates: data sources, methods, and a snapshot of the cancer burden worldwide. Int J Cancer 156:1336\u20131346. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ijc.35278","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"key":"2224_CR9","unstructured":"Ferlay J, Ervik M, Lam F, Laversanne M, Colombet M, Mery L, Pi\u00f1eros M, Znaor A, Soerjomataram I, Bray F (2024) Global Cancer Observatory: Cancer Today (version 1.1). In: Lyon, Fr. Int. Agency Res. Cancer. https:\/\/gco.iarc.who.int\/today. Accessed 2 Jul 2026"},{"key":"2224_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-85849-9","volume-title":"Cancer incidence in five continents: a technical report","author":"R Doll","year":"1966","unstructured":"Doll R, Payne P, Waterhouse JAH (1966) Cancer incidence in five continents: a technical report. International Union Against Cancer, Berlin"},{"key":"2224_CR11","unstructured":"StataCorp (2023) Stata statistical software: Release 18. College Station, TX: StataCorp LLC"},{"key":"2224_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trecan.2022.01.013","volume":"8","author":"JB Rubin","year":"2022","unstructured":"Rubin JB (2022) The spectrum of sex differences in cancer. Trends Cancer 8:303\u2013315. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.trecan.2022.01.013","journal-title":"Trends Cancer"},{"key":"2224_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1038\/s41568-024-00680-z","volume":"24","author":"T Xiao","year":"2024","unstructured":"Xiao T, Lee J, Gauntner TD, Velegraki M, Lathia JD, Li Z (2024) Hallmarks of sex bias in immuno-oncology: mechanisms and therapeutic implications. Nat Rev Cancer 24:338\u2013355. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41568-024-00680-z","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cancer"},{"key":"2224_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3531","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.34390","volume":"128","author":"SS Jackson","year":"2022","unstructured":"Jackson SS, Marks MA, Katki HA, Cook MB, Hyun N, Freedman ND, Kahle LL, Castle PE, Graubard BI, Chaturvedi AK (2022) Sex disparities in the incidence of 21 cancer types: quantification of the contribution of risk factors. Cancer 128:3531\u20133540. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cncr.34390","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"2224_CR15","unstructured":"International Agency for Cancer Research (2024) Cancer Tomorrow | IARC. https:\/\/gco.iarc.who.int\/tomorrow\/. Accessed 8 Feb 2026"},{"key":"2224_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1403","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1253344","volume":"343","author":"BO Anderson","year":"2014","unstructured":"Anderson BO (2014) Breast cancer\u2013thinking globally. Science 343:1403","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2224_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"578","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(21)00071-1","volume":"22","author":"BO Anderson","year":"2021","unstructured":"Anderson BO, Ilbawi AM, Fidarova E, Weiderpass E, Stevens L, Abdel-Wahab M, Mikkelsen B (2021) The global breast cancer initiative: a strategic collaboration to strengthen health care for non-communicable diseases. Lancet Oncol 22:578\u2013581. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1470-2045(21)00071-1","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"key":"2224_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1154","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-025-03502-3","volume":"31","author":"J Kim","year":"2025","unstructured":"Kim J, Harper A, McCormack V, Sung H, Houssami N, Morgan E, Mutebi M, Garvey G, Soerjomataram I, Fidler-Benaoudia MM (2025) Global patterns and trends in breast cancer incidence and mortality across 185 countries. Nat Med 31:1154\u20131162. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41591-025-03502-3","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"2224_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2021.04.014","volume":"195","author":"NB Yimer","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yimer NB, Mohammed MA, Solomon K, Tadese M, Grutzmacher S, Meikena HK, Alemnew B, Sharew NT, Habtewold TD (2021) Cervical cancer screening uptake in Sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Public Health (Lond) 195:105\u2013111. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.puhe.2021.04.014","journal-title":"Public Health (Lond)"},{"key":"2224_CR20","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2022) WHO updates recommendations on HPV vaccination schedule. https:\/\/www.who.int\/news\/item\/20-12-2022-WHO-updates-recommendations-on-HPV-vaccination-schedule. Accessed 8 Feb 2026"},{"key":"2224_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2421","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2506765","volume":"393","author":"AR Kreimer","year":"2025","unstructured":"Kreimer AR, Porras C, Liu D, Hildesheim A, Carvajal LJ, Ocampo R, Romero B, Gail MH, Cortes B, Sierra MS, Coronado K, Sampson J, Coto C, Dagnall CL, Mora D, Kemp TJ, Zuniga M, Pinto LA, Barrientos G, Schussler J, Estrada Y, Montero C, Avila C, Ruggieri D, Cyr JT, Chanock S, Lowy DR, Schiller JT, Herrero R (2025) Noninferiority of one HPV vaccine dose to two doses. N Engl J Med 393:2421\u20132433. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMoa2506765","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2224_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1518","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(21)00453-8","volume":"22","author":"P Basu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Basu P, Malvi SG, Joshi S, Bhatla N, Muwonge R, Lucas E, Verma Y, Esmy PO, Poli URR, Shah A, Zomawia E, Pimple S, Jayant K, Hingmire S, Chiwate A, Divate U, Vashist S, Mishra G, Jadhav R, Siddiqi M, Sankaran S, Prabhu PR, Kannan TPRA, Varghese R, Shastri SS, Anantharaman D, Gheit T, Tommasino M, Sauvaget C, Pillai MR, Sankaranarayanan R (2021) Vaccine efficacy against persistent human papillomavirus (HPV) 16\/18 infection at 10 years after one, two, and three doses of quadrivalent HPV vaccine in girls in India: a multicentre, prospective, cohort study. Lancet Oncol 22:1518\u20131529. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1470-2045(21)00453-8","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"key":"2224_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0185332","volume":"13","author":"MT Hall","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hall MT, Simms KT, Lew J-B, Smith MA, Saville M, Canfell K (2018) Projected future impact of HPV vaccination and primary HPV screening on cervical cancer rates from 2017\u20132035: example from Australia. PLoS ONE 13:e0185332. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0185332","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"2224_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2113","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(23)01701-4","volume":"402","author":"O Ginsburg","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ginsburg O, Vanderpuye V, Beddoe AM, Bhoo-Pathy N, Bray F, Caduff C, Florez N, Fadhil I, Hammad N, Heidari S, Kataria I, Kumar S, Liebermann E, Moodley J, Mutebi M, Mukherji D, Nugent R, So WKW, Soto-Perez-de-Celis E, Unger-Salda\u00f1a K, Allman G, Bhimani J, Bourlon MT, Eala MAB, Hovmand PS, Kong YC, Menon S, Taylor CD, Soerjomataram I (2023) Women, power, and cancer: a Lancet commission. Lancet 402:2113\u20132166. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(23)01701-4","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2224_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2563","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-022-02109-2","volume":"28","author":"F Guida","year":"2022","unstructured":"Guida F, Kidman R, Ferlay J, Sch\u00fcz J, Soerjomataram I, Kithaka B, Ginsburg O, Mailhot Vega RB, Galukande M, Parham G, Vaccarella S, Canfell K, Ilbawi AM, Anderson BO, Bray F, Dos-Santos-Silva I, McCormack V (2022) Global and regional estimates of orphans attributed to maternal cancer mortality in 2020. Nat Med 28:2563\u20132572. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41591-022-02109-2","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"2224_CR26","unstructured":"World Bank (2022) Tackling NCDs in Kenya: economic evaluation of breast and cervical cancer control interventions in Kenya. Washington, DC"},{"key":"2224_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jgo.2018.04.001","volume":"10","author":"DL van Abbema","year":"2019","unstructured":"van Abbema DL, van den Akker M, Janssen-Heijnen ML, van den Berkmortel F, Hoeben A, de Vos-Geelen J, Buntinx F, Kleijnen J, Tjan-Heijnen VCG (2019) Patient- and tumor-related predictors of chemotherapy intolerance in older patients with cancer: a systematic review. J Geriatr Oncol 10:31\u201341. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jgo.2018.04.001","journal-title":"J Geriatr Oncol"},{"key":"2224_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21638","volume":"71","author":"MS Sedrak","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sedrak MS, Freedman RA, Cohen HJ, Muss HB, Jatoi A, Klepin HD, Wildes TM, Le-Rademacher JG, Kimmick GG, Tew WP, George K, Padam S, Liu J, Wong AR, Lynch A, Djulbegovic B, Mohile SG, Dale W (2021) Older adult participation in cancer clinical trials: a systematic review of barriers and interventions. CA Cancer J Clin 71:78\u201392. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3322\/caac.21638","journal-title":"CA Cancer J Clin"},{"key":"2224_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.esmoop.2025.105052","volume":"10","author":"I Pinker","year":"2025","unstructured":"Pinker I, Lafont C, Liposits G, Vidra R, Cunquero-Tom\u00e1s AJ, Korobeinikova E, Neuendorff NR, Slavova-Boneva V, Baltussen J, Chovanec M, Coutinho F, Dubianski R, Janzic U, Kenis C, Kukec I, K\u00fcronya Z, Lehtom\u00e4ki K, Eochagain CM, Osterlund E, Osterlund P, Pattwell M, Rejlekova K, Sharma T, Battisti NML, Pilleron S (2025) Representation of geriatric oncology in cancer care guidelines in Europe: a scoping review by the international society of geriatric oncology (SIOG). ESMO Open 10:105052. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.esmoop.2025.105052","journal-title":"ESMO Open"},{"key":"2224_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4293","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.23.00933","volume":"41","author":"W Dale","year":"2023","unstructured":"Dale W, Klepin HD, Williams GR, Alibhai SMH, Bergerot C, Brintzenhofeszoc K, Hopkins JO, Jhawer MP, Katheria V, Loh KP, Lowenstein LM, McKoy JM, Noronha V, Phillips T, Rosko AE, Ruegg T, Schiaffino MK, Simmons JFJ, Subbiah I, Tew WP, Webb TL, Whitehead M, Somerfield MR, Mohile SG (2023) Practical assessment and management of vulnerabilities in older patients receiving systemic cancer therapy: ASCO guideline update. J Clin Oncol 41:4293\u20134312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1200\/JCO.23.00933","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"2224_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(24)00600-4","volume":"26","author":"H Sung","year":"2025","unstructured":"Sung H, Siegel RL, Laversanne M, Jiang C, Morgan E, Zahwe M, Cao Y, Bray F, Jemal A (2025) Colorectal cancer incidence trends in younger versus older adults: an analysis of population-based cancer registry data. Lancet Oncol 26:51\u201363. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1470-2045(24)00600-4","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"key":"2224_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1965","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2021.6238","volume":"325","author":"KW Davidson","year":"2021","unstructured":"Davidson KW, Barry MJ, Mangione CM, Cabana M, Caughey AB, Davis EM, Donahue KE, Doubeni CA, Krist AH, Kubik M, Li L, Ogedegbe G, Owens DK, Pbert L, Silverstein M, Stevermer J, Tseng C-W, Wong JB (2021) Screening for colorectal cancer: US preventive services task force recommendation statement. JAMA 325:1965\u20131977. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.2021.6238","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2224_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.3389\/FPUBH.2017.00179","volume":"5","author":"L Troeung","year":"2017","unstructured":"Troeung L, Sodhi-Berry N, Martini A, Malacova E, Ee H, O\u2019Leary P, Lansdorp-Vogelaar I, Preen DB (2017) Increasing Incidence of colorectal cancer in adolescents and young adults aged 15\u201339 years in Western Australia 1982\u20132007: examination of colonoscopy history. Front Public Heal 5:179. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/FPUBH.2017.00179","journal-title":"Front Public Heal"},{"key":"2224_CR34","unstructured":"The Royal Australian College of General Practitioners (2022) The royal Australian college of general practitioners-guidelines for preventive activities in general practice 2022. R Aust Coll Gen Pract"},{"key":"2224_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.21037\/TLCR.2018.05.14","volume":"7","author":"F Zhou","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zhou F, Zhou C (2018) Lung cancer in never smokers\u2014the East Asian experience. Transl Lung Cancer Res 7:450. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21037\/TLCR.2018.05.14","journal-title":"Transl Lung Cancer Res"},{"key":"2224_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1999","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMOA1715907","volume":"378","author":"A Jemal","year":"2018","unstructured":"Jemal A, Miller KD, Ma J, Siegel RL, Fedewa SA, Islami F, Devesa SS, Thun MJ (2018) Higher lung cancer incidence in young women than young men in the United States. N Engl J Med 378:1999. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMOA1715907","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2224_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1104","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djae299","volume":"117","author":"SL Gomez","year":"2025","unstructured":"Gomez SL, DeRouen M, Chen MSJ, Wakelee H, Velotta JB, Sakoda LC, Shariff-Marco S, Reynolds P, Cheng I (2025) Elevated risk of lung cancer among Asian American women who have never smoked: an emerging cancer disparity. J Natl Cancer Inst 117:1104\u20131109. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jnci\/djae299","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst"},{"key":"2224_CR38","unstructured":"ASPIRE for lung cancer, Asia Pacific Coalition Against Lung Cancer (2025) Asia Pacific Lung Cancer Policy Consensus Document. https:\/\/aspirelungcancer.com\/publications\/APAC_Lung_Cancer_Policy_Consensus_Document_v1.0_CTP.pdf. Accessed 25 Nov 2025"},{"key":"2224_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1782","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-023-16629-0","volume":"23","author":"H Simba","year":"2023","unstructured":"Simba H, Kuivaniemi H, Abnet CC, Tromp G, Sewram V (2023) Environmental and life-style risk factors for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Public Health 23:1782. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12889-023-16629-0","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"2224_CR40","unstructured":"The African Esophageal Cancer Consortium (2025) AfrECC: fighting Esophageal Cancer in Africa. https:\/\/www.afreccfoundation.org\/. Accessed 25 Nov 2025"},{"key":"2224_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1200\/JGO.17.00163","volume":"4","author":"K Van Loon","year":"2018","unstructured":"Van Loon K, Mwachiro MM, Abnet CC, Akoko L, Assefa M, Burgert SL, Chasimpha S, Dzamalala C, Fleischer DE, Gopal S, Iyer PG, Kaimila B, Kayamba V, Kelly P, Leon ME, Mathew CG, Menya D, Middleton D, Mlombe Y, Mmbaga BT, Mmbaga E, Mulima G, Murphy G, Mushi B, Mwanga A, Mwasamwaja A, Parker MI, Pritchett N, Sch\u00fcz J, Topazian MD, White RE, McCormack V, Dawsey SM (2018) The African esophageal cancer consortium: a call to action. J Glob Oncol 4:1\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1200\/JGO.17.00163","journal-title":"J Glob Oncol"},{"key":"2224_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1413","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(24)00458-3","volume":"25","author":"H Rumgay","year":"2024","unstructured":"Rumgay H, Nethan ST, Shah R, Vignat J, Ayo-Yusuf O, Chaturvedi P, Guerra ENS, Gupta PC, Gupta R, Liu S, Magnusson C, Parascandola M, Paulino YC, Rezaei N, Siddiqi K, Warnakulasuriya S, Lauby-Secretan B, Soerjomataram I (2024) Global burden of oral cancer in 2022 attributable to smokeless tobacco and areca nut consumption: a population attributable fraction analysis. Lancet Oncol 25:1413\u20131423. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1470-2045(24)00458-3","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"key":"2224_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1401","DOI":"10.1001\/JAMAONCOL.2023.2960","volume":"9","author":"AR Da Cunha","year":"2023","unstructured":"Da Cunha AR, Compton K, Xu R, Mishra R, Drangsholt MT, Antunes JLF, Kerr AR, Acheson AR, Lu D, Wallace LE, Kocarnik JM, Fu W, Dean FE, Pennini A, Henrikson HJ, Alam T, Ababneh E, Abd-Elsalam S, Abdoun M, Abidi H, Abubaker Ali H, Abu-Gharbieh E, Adane TD, Addo IY, Ahmad A, Ahmad S, Ahmed Rashid T, Akonde M, Al Hamad H, Alahdab F, Alimohamadi Y, Alipour V, Al-Maweri SA, Alsharif U, Ansari-Moghaddam A, Anwar SL, Anyasodor AE, Arabloo J, Aravkin AY, Aruleba RT, Asaad M, Ashraf T, Athari SS, Attia S, Azadnajafabad S, Azangou-Khyavy M, Badar M, Baghcheghi N, Banach M, Bardhan M, Barqawi HJ, Bashir NZ, Bashiri A, Benzian H, Bernabe E, Bhagat DS, Bhojaraja VS, Bj\u00f8rge T, Bouaoud S, Braithwaite D, Briko NI, Calina D, Carreras G, Chakraborty PA, Chattu VK, Chaurasia A, Chen MX, Cho WCS, Chu DT, Chukwu IS, Chung E, Cruz-Martins N, Dadras O, Dai X, Dandona L, Dandona R, Daneshpajouhnejad P, Darvishi Cheshmeh Soltani R, Darwesh AM, Debela SA, Derbew Molla M, Dessalegn FN, Dianati-Nasab M, Digesa LE, Dixit SG, Dixit A, Djalalinia S, El Sayed I, El Tantawi M, Enyew DB, Erku DA, Ezzeddini R, Fagbamigbe AF, Falzone L, Fetensa G, Fukumoto T, Gaewkhiew P, Gallus S, Gebrehiwot M, Ghashghaee A, Gill PS, Golechha M, Goleij P, Gomez RS, Gorini G, Guimaraes ALS, Gupta B, Gupta S, Gupta VB, Gupta VK, Haj-Mirzaian A, Halboub ES, Halwani R, Hanif A, Hariyani N, Harorani M, Hasani H, Hassan AM, Hassanipour S, Hassen MB, Hay SI, Hayat K, Herrera-Serna BY, Holla R, Horita N, Hosseinzadeh M, Hussain S, Ilesanmi OS, Ilic IM, Ilic MD, Isola G, Jaiswal A, Jani CT, Javaheri T, Jayarajah U, Jayaram S, Joseph N, Kadashetti V, Kandaswamy E, Karanth SD, Karaye IM, Kauppila JH, Kaur H, Keykhaei M, Khader YS, Khajuria H, Khanali J, Khatib MN, Khayat Kashani HR, Khazeei Tabari MA, Kim MS, Kompani F, Koohestani HR, Kumar GA, Kurmi OP, La Vecchia C, Lal DK, Landires I, Lasrado S, Ledda C, Lee YH, Libra M, Lim SS, Listl S, Lopukhov PD, Mafi AR, Mahumud RA, Malik AA, Mathur MR, Maulud SQ, Meena JK, Mehrabi Nasab E, Mestrovic T, Mirfakhraie R, Misganaw A, Misra S, Mithra P, Mohammad Y, Mohammadi M, Mohammadi E, Mokdad AH, Moni MA, Moraga P, Morrison SD, Mozaffari HR, Mubarik S, Murray CJL, Nair TS, Narasimha Swamy S, Narayana AI, Nassereldine H, Natto ZS, Nayak BP, Negru SM, Nggada HA, Nouraei H, Nu\u00f1ez-Samudio V, Oancea B, Olagunju AT, Omar Bali A, Padron-Monedero A, Padubidri JR, Pandey A, Pardhan S, Patel J, Pezzani R, Piracha ZZ, Rabiee N, Radhakrishnan V, Radhakrishnan RA, Rahmani AM, Rahmanian V, Rao CR, Rao SJ, Rath GK, Rawaf DL, Rawaf S, Rawassizadeh R, Razeghinia MS, Rezaei N, Rezaei N, Rezaei N, Rezapour A, Riad A, Roberts TJ, Romero-Rodr\u00edguez E, Roshandel G, Manjula S, Chandan SN, Saddik B, Saeb MR, Saeed U, Safaei M, Sahebazzamani M, Sahebkar A, Salek Farrokhi A, Samy AM, Santric-Milicevic MM, Sathian B, Satpathy M, \u0160ekerija M, Senthilkumaran S, Seylani A, Shafaat O, Shahsavari HR, Shamsoddin E, Sharew MM, Sharifi-Rad J, Shetty JK, Shivakumar KM, Shobeiri P, Shorofi SA, Shrestha S, Siddappa Malleshappa SK, Singh P, Singh JA, Singh G, Sinha DN, Solomon Y, Suleman M, Suliankatchi Abdulkader R, Taheri Abkenar Y, Talaat IM, Tan KK, Tbakhi A, Thiyagarajan A, Tiyuri A, Tovani-Palone MR, Unnikrishnan B, Vo B, Volovat SR, Wang C, Westerman R, Wickramasinghe ND, Xiao H, Yu C, Yuce D, Yunusa I, Zadnik V, Zare I, Zhang ZJ, Zoladl M, Force LM, Hugo FN (2023) The global, regional, and national burden of adult lip, oral, and pharyngeal cancer in 204 countries and territories: a systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2019. JAMA Oncol 9:1401\u20131416. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/JAMAONCOL.2023.2960","journal-title":"JAMA Oncol"},{"key":"2224_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1552","DOI":"10.1080\/10826084.2019.1686022","volume":"55","author":"A Das","year":"2020","unstructured":"Das A, Orlan E, Duncan K, Thomas H, Ndumele A, Ilbawi A, Parascandola M (2020) Areca nut and betel quid control interventions: halting the epidemic. Subst Use Misuse 55:1552\u20131559. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10826084.2019.1686022","journal-title":"Subst Use Misuse"},{"key":"2224_CR45","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2025) Noncommunicable diseases. In: world HEAL. organ. Fact Sheets. https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/noncommunicable-diseases. Accessed 5 Nov 2025"},{"key":"2224_CR46","volume-title":"Global strategy to accelerate the elimination of cervical cancer as a public health problem","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2020","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2020) Global strategy to accelerate the elimination of cervical cancer as a public health problem. World Health Organization, Geneva"},{"key":"2224_CR47","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2021) The Global Breast Cancer Initiative (GBCI). Geneva"},{"key":"2224_CR48","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2018) The Global Initiative for Childhood Cancer. https:\/\/www.who.int\/initiatives\/the-global-initiative-for-childhood-cancer. Accessed 20 Jan 2026"},{"key":"2224_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1629","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-11-0246","volume":"20","author":"MB Cook","year":"2011","unstructured":"Cook MB, McGlynn KA, Devesa SS, Freedman ND, Anderson WF (2011) Sex disparities in cancer mortality and survival. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 20:1629\u20131637. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-11-0246","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev"},{"key":"2224_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3837","DOI":"10.1007\/s12094-025-03894-1","volume":"27","author":"B Bernardez","year":"2025","unstructured":"Bernardez B, Higuera O, Martinez-Callejo V, Carde\u00f1a-Guti\u00e9rrez A, Marcos Rodr\u00edguez JA, Santaballa Bertr\u00e1n A, Majem M, Moreno-Mart\u00ednez M-E (2025) Sex and gender differences in cancer pathogenesis and pharmacology. Clin Transl Oncol 27:3837\u20133848. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12094-025-03894-1","journal-title":"Clin Transl Oncol"},{"key":"2224_CR51","unstructured":"Bray F, Ferlay J (2017) Chapter 7: age standardization. In: cancer Incidence in five continents, Vol. XI. International Agency for Research on Cancer"},{"key":"2224_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4634","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.33041","volume":"126","author":"RD Barr","year":"2020","unstructured":"Barr RD, Ries LAG, Trama A, Gatta G, Steliarova-Foucher E, Stiller CA, Bleyer WA (2020) A system for classifying cancers diagnosed in adolescents and young adults. Cancer 126:4634\u20134659. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cncr.33041","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"2224_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1007\/s11912-025-01638-6","volume":"27","author":"E Bastiaannet","year":"2025","unstructured":"Bastiaannet E, Pilleron S (2025) Epidemiology of cancer in older adults: a systematic review of age-related differences in solid malignancies treatment. Curr Oncol Rep 27:290\u2013311. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11912-025-01638-6","journal-title":"Curr Oncol Rep"},{"key":"2224_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1941","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.31937","volume":"144","author":"J Ferlay","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ferlay J, Colombet M, Soerjomataram I, Mathers C, Parkin DM, Pi\u00f1eros M, Znaor A, Bray F (2019) Estimating the global cancer incidence and mortality in 2018: GLOBOCAN sources and methods. Int J Cancer 144:1941\u20131953. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ijc.31937","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"}],"container-title":["Cancer Causes &amp; Control"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10552-026-02224-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10552-026-02224-2","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10552-026-02224-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T07:48:57Z","timestamp":1789026537000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10552-026-02224-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,8]]},"references-count":54,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]}},"alternative-id":["2224"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10552-026-02224-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["0957-5243","1573-7225"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0957-5243","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-7225","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"9 June 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"20 July 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"8 August 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors have no relevant nonfinancial or financial interests to disclose.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Conflict of interest","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Ethical approval was not required since all data utilized in this manuscript were sourced from the GLOBOCAN project, which is publicly available, anonymized, and aggregated at the national level.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethical approval","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"144"}}