{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T09:28:53Z","timestamp":1789118933998,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789084800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789084800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancer Causes Control"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10552-026-02247-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T09:03:27Z","timestamp":1789117407000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Temporal trajectories of age at breast cancer diagnosis by socioeconomic and geographic factors: a 1975\u20132021 SEER analysis"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"37","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0551-7618","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Soo Youn","family":"Bae","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9465-1151","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chai Won","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0756-2319","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jehyun","family":"Chin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-9107-8578","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jin Ah","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1758-4439","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dooreh","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5352-8093","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Young Joo","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7273-8886","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chang Ik","family":"Yoon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1265-1981","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Woo-Chan","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"2247_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21820","volume":"74","author":"RL Siegel","year":"2024","unstructured":"Siegel RL, Giaquinto AN, Jemal A (2024) Cancer statistics, 2024. CA Cancer J Clin 74(1):12\u201349. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3322\/caac.21820","journal-title":"CA Cancer J Clin"},{"issue":"4","key":"2247_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.7326\/M15-0970","volume":"164","author":"HD Nelson","year":"2016","unstructured":"Nelson HD, Pappas M, Cantor A, Griffin J, Daeges M, Humphrey L (2016) Harms of breast cancer screening: systematic review to update the 2009 U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommendation. Ann Intern Med 164(4):256\u2013267. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7326\/M15-0970","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"2247_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21583","volume":"69","author":"CE DeSantis","year":"2019","unstructured":"DeSantis CE, Ma J, Gaudet MM, Newman LA, Miller KD, Goding Sauer A et al (2019) Breast cancer statistics, 2019. CA Cancer J Clin 69(6):438\u2013451. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3322\/caac.21583","journal-title":"CA Cancer J Clin"},{"key":"2247_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0002764213487341","author":"DR Williams","year":"2013","unstructured":"Williams DR, Mohammed SA (2013) Racism and health II: a needed research agenda for effective interventions. Am Behav Sci. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0002764213487341","journal-title":"Am Behav Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"2247_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21586","volume":"70","author":"KI Alcaraz","year":"2020","unstructured":"Alcaraz KI, Wiedt TL, Daniels EC, Yabroff KR, Guerra CE, Wender RC (2020) Understanding and addressing social determinants to advance cancer health equity in the United States: a blueprint for practice, research, and policy. CA Cancer J Clin 70(1):31\u201346. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3322\/caac.21586","journal-title":"CA Cancer J Clin"},{"issue":"11","key":"2247_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1265","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-17-0430","volume":"27","author":"WE Zahnd","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zahnd WE, James AS, Jenkins WD, Izadi SR, Fogleman AJ, Steward DE et al (2018) Rural-urban differences in cancer incidence and trends in the United States. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 27(11):1265\u20131274. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-17-0430","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev"},{"issue":"3","key":"2247_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.288.3.321","volume":"288","author":"JE Rossouw","year":"2002","unstructured":"Rossouw JE, Anderson GL, Prentice RL, LaCroix AZ, Kooperberg C, Stefanick ML et al (2002) Risks and benefits of estrogen plus progestin in healthy postmenopausal women: principal results from the Women\u2019s Health Initiative randomized controlled trial. JAMA 288(3):321\u2013333. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.288.3.321","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"6","key":"2247_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0807684","volume":"360","author":"RT Chlebowski","year":"2009","unstructured":"Chlebowski RT, Kuller LH, Prentice RL, Stefanick ML, Manson JE, Gass M et al (2009) Breast cancer after use of estrogen plus progestin in postmenopausal women. N Engl J Med 360(6):573\u2013587. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMoa0807684","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"16","key":"2247_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1670","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMsr070105","volume":"356","author":"PM Ravdin","year":"2003","unstructured":"Ravdin PM, Cronin KA, Howlader N, Berg CD, Chlebowski RT, Feuer EJ et al (2003) The decrease in breast-cancer incidence in 2003 in the United States. N Engl J Med 356(16):1670\u20131674. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMsr070105","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"2247_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"dju093","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/dju093","volume":"106","author":"WF Anderson","year":"2014","unstructured":"Anderson WF, Rosenberg PS, Katki HA (2014) Tracking and evaluating molecular tumor markers with cancer registry data: HER2 and breast cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 106(5):dju093. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jnci\/dju093","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst"},{"issue":"1","key":"2247_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21654","volume":"71","author":"RL Siegel","year":"2021","unstructured":"Siegel RL, Miller KD, Fuchs HE, Jemal A (2021) Cancer statistics, 2021. CA Cancer J Clin 71(1):7\u201333. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3322\/caac.21654","journal-title":"CA Cancer J Clin"},{"issue":"5","key":"2247_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21565","volume":"69","author":"KD Miller","year":"2019","unstructured":"Miller KD, Nogueira L, Mariotto AB, Rowland JH, Yabroff KR, Alfano CM et al (2019) Cancer treatment and survivorship statistics, 2019. CA Cancer J Clin 69(5):363\u2013385. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3322\/caac.21565","journal-title":"CA Cancer J Clin"},{"issue":"21","key":"2247_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2492","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.295.21.2492","volume":"295","author":"LA Carey","year":"2006","unstructured":"Carey LA, Perou CM, Livasy CA, Dressler LG, Cowan D, Conway K et al (2006) Race, breast cancer subtypes, and survival in the Carolina breast cancer study. JAMA 295(21):2492\u20132502. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.295.21.2492","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"8","key":"2247_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2329","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-06-1109","volume":"13","author":"LA Carey","year":"2007","unstructured":"Carey LA, Dees EC, Sawyer L, Gatti L, Moore DT, Collichio F et al (2007) The triple negative paradox: primary tumor chemosensitivity of breast cancer subtypes. Clin Cancer Res 13(8):2329\u20132334. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-06-1109","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"issue":"20","key":"2247_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2254","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2014.57.1349","volume":"33","author":"ET Warner","year":"2015","unstructured":"Warner ET, Tamimi RM, Hughes ME, Ottesen RA, Wong YN, Edge SB et al (2015) Racial and ethnic differences in breast cancer survival: mediating effect of tumor characteristics and sociodemographic and treatment factors. J Clin Oncol 33(20):2254\u20132261. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1200\/JCO.2014.57.1349","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2247_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21271","volume":"65","author":"B Daly","year":"2015","unstructured":"Daly B, Olopade OI (2015) A perfect storm: how tumor biology, genomics, and health care delivery patterns collide to create a racial survival disparity in breast cancer and proposed interventions for change. CA Cancer J Clin 65(3):221\u2013238. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3322\/caac.21271","journal-title":"CA Cancer J Clin"},{"issue":"2","key":"2247_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2014.17322","volume":"313","author":"J Iqbal","year":"2015","unstructured":"Iqbal J, Ginsburg O, Rochon PA, Sun P, Narod SA (2015) Differences in breast cancer stage at diagnosis and cancer-specific survival by race and ethnicity in the United States. JAMA 313(2):165\u2013173. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.2014.17322","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"10","key":"2247_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2869","DOI":"10.1245\/s10434-017-5977-1","volume":"24","author":"LA Newman","year":"2017","unstructured":"Newman LA (2017) Breast cancer disparities: socioeconomic factors versus biology. Ann Surg Oncol 24(10):2869\u20132875. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1245\/s10434-017-5977-1","journal-title":"Ann Surg Oncol"},{"issue":"17","key":"2247_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1784","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa050518","volume":"353","author":"DA Berry","year":"2005","unstructured":"Berry DA, Cronin KA, Plevritis SK, Fryback DG, Clarke L, Zelen M et al (2005) Effect of screening and adjuvant therapy on mortality from breast cancer. N Engl J Med 353(17):1784\u20131792. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMoa050518","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2247_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-20301-6_2","volume":"1152","author":"SS Coughlin","year":"2019","unstructured":"Coughlin SS (2019) Epidemiology of breast cancer in women. Adv Exp Med Biol 1152:9\u201329. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-030-20301-6_2","journal-title":"Adv Exp Med Biol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2247_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/s0889-8588(05)70275-6","volume":"14","author":"R Yancik","year":"2000","unstructured":"Yancik R, Ries LA (2000) Aging and cancer in America. Demographic and epidemiologic perspectives. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am 14(1):17\u201323. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0889-8588(05)70275-6","journal-title":"Hematol Oncol Clin North Am"},{"issue":"5","key":"2247_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoncol.2015.1546","volume":"1","author":"ML Neuhouser","year":"2015","unstructured":"Neuhouser ML, Aragaki AK, Prentice RL, Manson JE, Chlebowski R, Carty CL et al (2015) Overweight, obesity, and postmenopausal invasive breast cancer risk: a secondary analysis of the women\u2019s health initiative randomized clinical trials. JAMA Oncol 1(5):611\u2013621. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamaoncol.2015.1546","journal-title":"JAMA Oncol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2247_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21225","volume":"64","author":"GA Colditz","year":"2014","unstructured":"Colditz GA, Bohlke K (2014) Priorities for the primary prevention of breast cancer. CA Cancer J Clin 64(3):186\u2013194. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3322\/caac.21225","journal-title":"CA Cancer J Clin"},{"issue":"1","key":"2247_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.7326\/M18-1323","volume":"170","author":"HB Nichols","year":"2019","unstructured":"Nichols HB, Schoemaker MJ, Cai J, Xu J, Wright LB, Brook MN et al (2019) Breast cancer risk after recent childbirth: a pooled analysis of 15 prospective studies. Ann Intern Med 170(1):22\u201330. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7326\/M18-1323","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"15","key":"2247_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1599","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2015.12783","volume":"314","author":"KC Oeffinger","year":"2015","unstructured":"Oeffinger KC, Fontham ET, Etzioni R, Herzig A, Michaelson JS, Shih YC et al (2015) Breast cancer screening for women at average risk: 2015 guideline update from the American Cancer Society. JAMA 314(15):1599\u20131614. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.2015.12783","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"9612","key":"2247_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(08)60269-X","volume":"371","author":"AG Renehan","year":"2008","unstructured":"Renehan AG, Tyson M, Egger M, Heller RF, Zwahlen M (2008) Body-mass index and incidence of cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective observational studies. Lancet 371(9612):569\u2013578. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(08)60269-X","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"4","key":"2247_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.7326\/M15-2886","volume":"164","author":"AL Siu","year":"2016","unstructured":"Siu AL, Force USPST (2016) Screening for breast cancer: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommendation statement. Ann Intern Med 164(4):279\u2013296. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7326\/M15-2886","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"2247_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1039","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.Epi-15-0243","volume":"24","author":"L Tao","year":"2015","unstructured":"Tao L, Gomez SL, Keegan TH, Kurian AW, Clarke CA (2015) Breast cancer mortality in African-American and non-hispanic white women by molecular subtype and stage at diagnosis: a population-based study. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 24(7):1039\u201345. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1158\/1055-9965.Epi-15-0243","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev"},{"issue":"3","key":"2247_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1007\/s10549-014-2868-z","volume":"144","author":"LA Brinton","year":"2014","unstructured":"Brinton LA, Figueroa JD, Awuah B, Yarney J, Wiafe S, Wood SN et al (2014) Breast cancer in Sub-Saharan Africa: opportunities for prevention. Breast Cancer Res Treat 144(3):467\u201378. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10549-014-2868-z","journal-title":"Breast Cancer Res Treat"},{"issue":"8","key":"2247_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2166","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.23828","volume":"113","author":"JS Haas","year":"2008","unstructured":"Haas JS, Earle CC, Orav JE, Brawarsky P, Keohane M, Neville BA et al (2008) Racial segregation and disparities in breast cancer care and mortality. Cancer 113(8):2166\u20132172. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cncr.23828","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"issue":"4","key":"2247_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"909","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.23229","volume":"112","author":"T Onega","year":"2008","unstructured":"Onega T, Duell EJ, Shi X, Wang D, Demidenko E, Goodman D (2008) Geographic access to cancer care in the U.S. Cancer 112(4):909\u2013918. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cncr.23229","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"issue":"3","key":"2247_CR32","first-page":"34","volume":"10","author":"F Williams","year":"2017","unstructured":"Williams F, Thompson E (2017) Disparities in breast cancer stage at diagnosis: importance of race, poverty, and age. J Health Dispar Res Pract 10(3):34\u201345","journal-title":"J Health Dispar Res Pract"},{"issue":"10","key":"2247_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2209","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.25679","volume":"117","author":"N Breen","year":"2011","unstructured":"Breen N, Gentleman JF, Schiller JS (2011) Update on mammography trends: comparisons of rates in 2000, 2005, and 2008. Cancer 117(10):2209\u201318. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cncr.25679","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"issue":"5","key":"2247_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1015","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.34008","volume":"128","author":"M Kaur","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kaur M, Joshu CE, Visvanathan K, Connor AE (2022) Trends in breast cancer incidence rates by race\/ethnicity: patterns by stage, socioeconomic position, and geography in the United States, 1999-2017. Cancer 128(5):1015\u20131023. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cncr.34008","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"issue":"13","key":"2247_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1336","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2014.2834","volume":"311","author":"LC Walter","year":"2014","unstructured":"Walter LC, Schonberg MA (2014) Screening mammography in older women: a review. JAMA 311(13):1336\u20131347. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.2014.2834","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"3","key":"2247_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"668","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjc.6604215","volume":"98","author":"BL Frederiksen","year":"2008","unstructured":"Frederiksen BL, Osler M, Harling H, Danish Colorectal Cancer G, Jorgensen T (2008) Social inequalities in stage at diagnosis of rectal but not in colonic cancer: a nationwide study. Br J Cancer 98(3):668\u201373. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/sj.bjc.6604215","journal-title":"Br J Cancer"},{"issue":"22","key":"2247_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1801","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.279.22.1801","volume":"279","author":"DR Lannin","year":"1998","unstructured":"Lannin DR, Mathews HF, Mitchell J, Swanson MS, Swanson FH, Edwards MS (1998) Influence of socioeconomic and cultural factors on racial differences in late-stage presentation of breast cancer. JAMA 279(22):1801\u20131807. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.279.22.1801","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"11","key":"2247_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1387","DOI":"10.7150\/ijbs.21635","volume":"13","author":"YS Sun","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sun YS, Zhao Z, Yang ZN, Xu F, Lu HJ, Zhu ZY et al (2017) Risk factors and preventions of breast cancer. Int J Biol Sci 13(11):1387\u20131397. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7150\/ijbs.21635","journal-title":"Int J Biol Sci"},{"issue":"14","key":"2247_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.ss6614a1","volume":"66","author":"SJ Henley","year":"2017","unstructured":"Henley SJ, Anderson RN, Thomas CC, Massetti GM, Peaker B, Richardson LC (2017) Invasive cancer incidence, 2004-2013, and deaths, 2006-2015, in nonmetropolitan and metropolitan counties - United States. MMWR Surveill Summ 66(14):1\u201313. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15585\/mmwr.ss6614a1","journal-title":"MMWR Surveill Summ"},{"issue":"5 Suppl","key":"2247_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1189","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.22016","volume":"107","author":"A Parikh-Patel","year":"2006","unstructured":"Parikh-Patel A, Bates JH, Campleman S (2006) Colorectal cancer stage at diagnosis by socioeconomic and urban\/rural status in California, 1988-2000. Cancer 107(5 Suppl):1189\u20131195. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cncr.22016","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"issue":"14","key":"2247_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1094","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djs264","volume":"104","author":"CA Clarke","year":"2012","unstructured":"Clarke CA, Keegan TH, Yang J, Press DJ, Kurian AW, Patel AH et al (2012) Age-specific incidence of breast cancer subtypes: understanding the black-white crossover. J Natl Cancer Inst 104(14):1094\u20131101. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jnci\/djs264","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst"},{"issue":"4","key":"2247_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1128","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2002.20.4.1128","volume":"20","author":"RT Chlebowski","year":"2002","unstructured":"Chlebowski RT, Aiello E, McTiernan A (2002) Weight loss in breast cancer patient management. J Clin Oncol 20(4):1128\u20131143. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1200\/JCO.2002.20.4.1128","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"8","key":"2247_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a117079","volume":"139","author":"B Rosner","year":"1994","unstructured":"Rosner B, Colditz GA, Willett WC (1994) Reproductive risk factors in a prospective study of breast cancer: the Nurses\u2019 Health Study. Am J Epidemiol 139(8):819\u2013835. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a117079","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2247_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2016.6807","volume":"177","author":"KM Langa","year":"2000","unstructured":"Langa KM, Larson EB, Crimmins EM, Faul JD, Levine DA, Kabeto MU et al (2000) A comparison of the prevalence of dementia in the United States in 2000 and 2012. JAMA Intern Med 177(1):51\u201358. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamainternmed.2016.6807","journal-title":"JAMA Intern Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"2247_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2013.06.001","volume":"40","author":"OW Brawley","year":"2013","unstructured":"Brawley OW (2013) Health disparities in breast cancer. Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am 40(3):513\u2013523. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ogc.2013.06.001","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am"},{"issue":"10","key":"2247_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1565","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2014.3901","volume":"174","author":"CP Gross","year":"2014","unstructured":"Gross CP (2014) Cancer screening in older persons: a new age of wonder. JAMA Intern Med 174(10):1565\u20131567. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamainternmed.2014.3901","journal-title":"JAMA Intern Med"},{"issue":"10133","key":"2247_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1953","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(18)30460-4","volume":"391","author":"S Horton","year":"2018","unstructured":"Horton S, Sullivan R, Flanigan J, Fleming KA, Kuti MA, Looi LM et al (2018) Delivering modern, high-quality, affordable pathology and laboratory medicine to low-income and middle-income countries: a call to action. Lancet 391(10133):1953\u201364. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0140-6736(18)30460-4","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"4","key":"2247_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1200\/jco.2008.19.4928","volume":"27","author":"JS Mandelblatt","year":"2009","unstructured":"Mandelblatt JS, Silliman R (2009) Hanging in the balance: making decisions about the benefits and harms of breast cancer screening among the oldest old without a safety net of scientific evidence. J Clin Oncol 27(4):487\u201390. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1200\/jco.2008.19.4928","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"}],"container-title":["Cancer Causes & Control"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10552-026-02247-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10552-026-02247-9","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10552-026-02247-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T09:03:28Z","timestamp":1789117408000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10552-026-02247-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]]},"references-count":48,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]}},"alternative-id":["2247"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10552-026-02247-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["0957-5243","1573-7225"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0957-5243","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-7225","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"11 April 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 September 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"11 September 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This study was conducted in accordance with the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) reporting guideline. Because the SEER database provides de-identified and publicly available data, this study was exempt from institutional review board (IRB) oversight.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethical approval","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"As this study utilized de-identified data from a public registry (SEER), the requirement for informed consent was waived.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Informed consent","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"During the preparation of this manuscript, the authors used ChatGPT (OpenAI, GPT-4o) to assist in developing and optimizing the statistical code for longitudinal analysis and Gemini (Google DeepMind, Gemini 1.5 Flash) for linguistic refinement and drafting the cover letter. All AI-generated outputs were independently verified by the authors, who take full responsibility for the integrity and accuracy of the final content.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","label":"AI usage disclosure","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"160"}}