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However, the characteristics of cardiac responses to HA exposure are unclear. In total, 240 healthy men were enrolled and ascended to 4100\u00a0m by bus within 7\u00a0days. Standard echocardiography and color tissue Doppler imaging were performed at sea level and at 4100\u00a0m. In all subjects, HA exposure increased HR [65 (59, 71) vs. 72 (63, 80) beats\/min, p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001] but decreased the stroke volume index (SVi) [35.5 (30.5, 42.3) vs. 32.9 (27.4, 39.5) ml\/m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>, p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001], leading to an unchanged cardiac index (CI). Moreover, baseline HR was negatively correlated with HA exposure-induced changes in HR (r\u2009=\u2009\u2212\u20090.410, p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) and CI (r\u2009=\u2009\u2212\u20090.314, p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Following HA exposure, subjects with lowest tertile of baseline HR showed an increased HR [56 (53, 58) vs. 65 (58, 73) beats\/min, p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001], left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) [61.7 (56.5, 68.0) vs. 66.1 (60.7, 71.5) %, p\u2009=\u20090.004] and mitral S\u2032 velocity [5.8\u2009\u00b1\u20091.4 vs. 6.5\u2009\u00b1\u20091.9\u00a0cm\/s, p\u2009=\u20090.040]. However, subjects with highest tertile of baseline HR showed an unchanged HR, LVEF and mitral S\u2032 velocity, but a decreased E\u2032 velocity [9.2\u2009\u00b1\u20092.0 vs. 8.4\u2009\u00b1\u20091.8\u00a0cm\/s, p\u2009=\u20090.003]. Our findings indicate that baseline HR at sea level could determine cardiac responses to HA exposure; these responses were characterized by enhanced LV function in subjects with a low baseline HR and by reduced LV myocardial velocity in early diastole in subjects with a high baseline HR.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10554-020-01769-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,17]],"date-time":"2020-01-17T10:02:57Z","timestamp":1579255377000},"page":"799-810","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Effects of baseline heart rate at sea level on cardiac responses to high-altitude exposure"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Jingdu","family":"Tian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chuan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuanqi","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shiyong","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jihang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaohan","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chen","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rongsheng","family":"Rao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaohui","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6200-2309","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lan","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,17]]},"reference":[{"issue":"19","key":"1769_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2191","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.650796","volume":"116","author":"P Bartsch","year":"2007","unstructured":"Bartsch P, Gibbs JS (2007) Effect of altitude on the heart and the lungs. 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