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Twenty-three professional soccer players (22\u2009\u00b1\u20094\u00a0years), 19 competitive triathletes (28\u2009\u00b1\u20096\u00a0years) and 16 controls (26\u2009\u00b1\u20093\u00a0years) were included in the study. CMR was performed using a 1.5\u00a0T scanner. Cardiac chamber volumes, mass and biventricular global myocardial strain were obtained and compared. In comparison to the control subjects, athletes were characterized by a higher cardiac volume (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.0001), higher cardiac mass (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001), reduced longitudinal strain of the left and right ventricle (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05 and <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.01 respectively) and reduced left ventricular radial strain (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). Soccer players revealed higher amounts of left ventricular mass (87\u2009\u00b1\u200915 vs. 75\u2009\u00b1\u200913\u00a0g\/m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05) than triathletes. Moreover, they showed a greater decrease in left and right ventricular longitudinal strain (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05 and <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05) as well as in radial left ventricular strain (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05) in comparison to triathletes. An increase in left ventricular mass correlated significantly with a decrease in longitudinal (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.47, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) and radial (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009\u2009\u2212\u20090.28, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05) strain. In athletes, attenuation of strain values is associated with cardiac hypertrophy and differ between soccer players and triathletes. Further studies are needed to investigate whether it is an adaptive or maladaptive change of the heart induced by intense athletic training.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10554-020-01918-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,20]],"date-time":"2020-06-20T13:02:15Z","timestamp":1592658135000},"page":"2187-2197","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Increased myocardial mass and attenuation of myocardial strain in professional male soccer players and competitive male triathletes"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"36","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4285-3090","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jitka","family":"Starekova","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tilo","family":"Thottakara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gunnar K.","family":"Lund","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"G\u00f6tz H.","family":"Welsch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fabian J.","family":"Brunner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kai","family":"Muellerleile","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gerhard","family":"Adam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marc","family":"Regier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Enver","family":"Tahir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,20]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"1918_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199101313240504","volume":"324","author":"A Pelliccia","year":"1991","unstructured":"Pelliccia A, Maron BJ, Spataro A et al (1991) The upper limit of physiologic cardiac hypertrophy in highly trained elite athletes. 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The ethics committee of the general medical council for the city of Hamburg (\u00c4rztekammer Hamburg; PV4764) approved the study.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"All subjects gave their written informed consent.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed consent"}}]}}