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Patients with moderate (n\u2009=\u200915) and severe (n\u2009=\u200928) chronic AR were categorized into non-complex flow (NCF) or complex flow (CF) based on the presence of systolic backward flow volume. Phase contrast MRI was performed repeatedly at the level of the sinotubular junction (Ao1) and 1\u00a0cm distal to the sinotubular junction (Ao2). All AR patients were assessed to have non-severe AR or severe AR (cut-off values: regurgitation volume (RVol)\u2009\u2265\u200960\u00a0ml and regurgitation fraction (RF)\u2009\u2265\u200950%) in both measurement positions. The repeatability was significantly lower, i.e. variation was larger, for patients with CF than for NCF (\u2265\u200912\u2009\u00b1\u200912% versus\u2009\u2265\u20096\u2009\u00b1\u20094%, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009\u2264\u20090.03). For patients with CF, the repeatability was significantly lower at Ao2 compared to Ao1 (\u2265\u200921\u2009\u00b1\u200920% versus\u2009\u2265\u200912\u2009\u00b1\u200912%, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009\u2264\u20090.02), as well as the assessment of regurgitation (RVol: 42\u2009\u00b1\u200934\u00a0ml versus 54\u2009\u00b1\u200942\u00a0ml, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001; RF: 30\u2009\u00b1\u200918% versus 34\u2009\u00b1\u200916%, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.01). This was not the case for patients with NCF. The frequency of patients that changed in AR grade from severe to non-severe when the position of the measurement changed from Ao1 to Ao2 was higher for patients with CF compared to NCF (RVol: 5\/26 (19%) versus 1\/17 (6%), <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.2; RF: 4\/26 (15%) versus 0\/17 (0%), <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.09). Our study shows that complex flow influences the quantification of chronic AR, which can lead to underestimation of AR severity when using PC-MRI.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10554-021-02341-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,17]],"date-time":"2021-07-17T07:03:01Z","timestamp":1626505381000},"page":"3561-3572","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Importance of complex blood flow in the assessment of aortic regurgitation severity using phase contrast magnetic resonance imaging"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"37","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1344-3113","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Frida","family":"Truedsson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christian L.","family":"Polte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sinsia A.","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"\u00c5se A.","family":"Johnsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Odd","family":"Bech-Hanssen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kerstin M.","family":"Lagerstrand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"2341_CR1","first-page":"167","volume":"14","author":"A Vahanian","year":"2013","unstructured":"Vahanian A, Alfieri O, Andreotti F et al (2013) Guidelines on the management of valvular heart disease (version 2012). 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