{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T15:33:12Z","timestamp":1786980792801,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,12]],"date-time":"2021-10-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1633996800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,12]],"date-time":"2021-10-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1633996800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"ratchadaphiseksompot","award":["24\/53"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["24\/53"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int J Cardiovasc Imaging"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The aims of this study were to examine the prevalence of moderate to large (moderate\u2013large) idiopathic pericardial effusion (i-PEF) in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) and to identify clinical and echocardiographic hemodynamic profiles associated with pericardial effusion. A total of 292 adult patients with HCM were studied. Fifteen patients with a history of factors associated with pericardial effusion including myocardial infarction, heart surgery or cardiac procedure within the last 12\u00a0months, autoimmune disease, hydralazine use, chronic kidney disease stage 3\u20134, tuberculosis, and malignancy were excluded. Of 277 eligible patients with HCM, 11 patients (4%) with moderate-large i-PEF were identified. Clinical tamponade was present in 1 patient. Compared to patients with HCM who had no or small pericardial effusion, patients with moderate-large i-PEF were younger and more likely to have right ventricular (RV) hypertrophy and reverse septal curvature. These patients also exhibited a greater maximal septal thickness, mean and systolic pulmonary pressure, and right atrial pressure (p\u2009&lt;\u20090.05 for all). Pericardial fluid analysis and histopathological exams were performed in 7 and 3 patients, respectively. All examinations revealed transudative and nonspecific etiology of pericardial effusion. Idiopathic pericardial effusion and cardiac tamponade in patients with HCM was uncommon. The pathophysiology involved in pericardial effusion remains undetermined. Patients with moderate-large i-PEF frequently exhibited a phenotype of pulmonary hypertension and RV pressure overload.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10554-021-02424-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,12]],"date-time":"2021-10-12T20:57:21Z","timestamp":1634072241000},"page":"331-337","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Idiopathic pericardial effusion in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"38","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7090-9947","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarinya","family":"Puwanant","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Veraprapas","family":"Kittipibul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nattakorn","family":"Songsirisuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sakun","family":"Santisukwongchote","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patita","family":"Sitticharoenchai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pairoj","family":"Chattranukulchai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sudarat","family":"Satitthummanid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Smonporn","family":"Boonyaratvej","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"2424_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(77)90115-2","volume":"63","author":"AJ Tjaik","year":"1977","unstructured":"Tjaik AJ (1977) Echocardiography in pericardial effusion. Am J Med 63:29\u201340","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"2424_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"965","DOI":"10.1016\/j.echo.2013.06.023","volume":"26","author":"AL Klein","year":"2013","unstructured":"Klein AL, Abbara S, Agler DA et al (2013) American Society of Echocardiography clinical recommendations for multimodality cardiovascular imaging of patients with pericardial disease: endorsed by the Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance and Society of Cardiovascular Computed Tomography. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 26:965\u20131012","journal-title":"J Am Soc Echocardiogr"},{"key":"2424_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ehj.2004.02.002","volume":"25","author":"B Maisch","year":"2004","unstructured":"Maisch B, Seferovic PM, Ristic AD et al (2004) Guidelines on the diagnosis and management of pericardial diseases executive summary; The Task force on the diagnosis and management of pericardial diseases of the European society of cardiology. Eur Heart J 25:587\u2013610","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"2424_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehm342","volume":"29","author":"P Elliott","year":"2008","unstructured":"Elliott P, Andersson B, Arbustini E et al (2008) Classification of the cardiomyopathies: a position statement from the European Society Of Cardiology Working Group on Myocardial and Pericardial Diseases. Eur Heart J 29:270\u2013276","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"2424_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"678","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjci\/jev192","volume":"17","author":"EK Kim","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kim EK, Lee SC, Hwang JW et al (2016) Differences in apical and non-apical types of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: a prospective analysis of clinical, echocardiographic, and cardiac magnetic resonance findings and outcome from 350 patients. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 17:678\u2013686","journal-title":"Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"2424_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1784","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2013.02.040","volume":"111","author":"KW Klarich","year":"2013","unstructured":"Klarich KW, Attenhofer Jost CH, Binder J et al (2013) Risk of death in long-term follow-up of patients with apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Am J Cardiol 111:1784\u20131791","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"2424_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.4065\/81.4.459","volume":"81","author":"J Binder","year":"2006","unstructured":"Binder J, Ommen SR, Gersh BJ et al (2006) Echocardiography-guided genetic testing in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: septal morphological features predict the presence of myofilament mutations. Mayo Clin Proc 81:459\u2013467","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"key":"2424_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1016\/j.echo.2010.05.010","volume":"23","author":"LG Rudski","year":"2010","unstructured":"Rudski LG, Lai WW, Afilalo J et al (2010) Guidelines for the echocardiographic assessment of the right heart in adults: a report from the American Society of Echocardiography endorsed by the European Association of Echocardiography, a registered branch of the European Society of Cardiology, and the Canadian Society of Echocardiography. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 23:685\u2013713","journal-title":"J Am Soc Echocardiogr"},{"key":"2424_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"750","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(85)80477-0","volume":"6","author":"PJ Currie","year":"1985","unstructured":"Currie PJ, Seward JB, Chan KL et al (1985) Continuous wave Doppler determination of right ventricular pressure: a simultaneous Doppler-catheterization study in 127 patients. J Am Coll Cardiol 6:750\u2013756","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2424_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(90)90711-9","volume":"66","author":"BJ Kircher","year":"1990","unstructured":"Kircher BJ, Himelman RB, Schiller NB (1990) Noninvasive estimation of right atrial pressure from the inspiratory collapse of the inferior vena cava. Am J Cardiol 66:493\u2013496","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"2424_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1373","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2003.08.037","volume":"92","author":"AE Abbas","year":"2003","unstructured":"Abbas AE, Fortuin FD, Schiller NB et al (2003) Echocardiographic determination of mean pulmonary artery pressure. Am J Cardiol 92:1373\u20131376","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"2424_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2921","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehv318","volume":"36","author":"Y Adler","year":"2015","unstructured":"Adler Y, Charron P, Imazio M et al (2015) 2015 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of pericardial diseases: The Task Force for the Diagnosis and Management of Pericardial Diseases of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) Endorsed by: The European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (EACTS). Eur Heart J 36:2921\u20132964","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"2424_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1186","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehs372","volume":"34","author":"M Imazio","year":"2013","unstructured":"Imazio M, Adler Y (2013) Management of pericardial effusion. Eur Heart J 34:1186\u20131197","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"2424_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1530","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.12-3033","volume":"144","author":"ER Fenstad","year":"2013","unstructured":"Fenstad ER, Le RJ, Sinak LJ et al (2013) Pericardial effusions in pulmonary arterial hypertension: characteristics, prognosis, and role of drainage. Chest 144:1530\u20131538","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"2424_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1414","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/eht006","volume":"34","author":"GM Frohlich","year":"2013","unstructured":"Frohlich GM, Keller P, Schmid F et al (2013) Haemodynamically irrelevant pericardial effusion is associated with increased mortality in patients with chronic heart failure. Eur Heart J 34:1414\u20131423","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"issue":"481\u2013484","key":"2424_CR16","first-page":"A410","volume":"84","author":"AL Hinderliter","year":"1999","unstructured":"Hinderliter AL, Willis PWT, Long W et al (1999) Frequency and prognostic significance of pericardial effusion in primary pulmonary hypertension. PPH Study Group. Primary pulmonary hypertension. Am J Cardiol 84(481\u2013484):A410","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"2424_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjci\/jew024","volume":"17","author":"KC Ong","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ong KC, Geske JB, Hebl VB et al (2016) Pulmonary hypertension is associated with worse survival in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 17:604\u2013610","journal-title":"Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging"}],"container-title":["The International Journal of Cardiovascular Imaging"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10554-021-02424-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10554-021-02424-8\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10554-021-02424-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,1]],"date-time":"2022-03-01T22:08:36Z","timestamp":1646172516000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10554-021-02424-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,12]]},"references-count":17,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,2]]}},"alternative-id":["2424"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10554-021-02424-8","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-741669\/v1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1569-5794","1573-0743"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1569-5794","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-0743","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"23 July 2021","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"19 September 2021","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"12 October 2021","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}