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This pilot study aimed to determine the optimal time to perform\n                    <jats:sup>18<\/jats:sup>\n                    F-NaF PET static scan and to characterize arterial macro- and micro-calcification in CKD. In 7 patients with CKD stages 3b-4 and 3 non-CKD individuals, following the injection of\n                    <jats:sup>18<\/jats:sup>\n                    F-NaF, an electrocardiogram-gated chest CT, a 30-min dynamic PET, and three 10-min static PET were acquired. Radiopharmaceutical uptake was quantified for regions including the lumbar spine and 4 aortic segments. Arterial macro-calcification was quantified using Agatston scoring and micro-calcification using tissue-to-background ratio (TBR; reference: right atrium). The standardized uptake value (SUV) in lumbar spine reached a steady state\u2009~\u200960\u00a0min after injection and was comparable at each time point between CKD and non-CKD (p: 0.58\u20130.92). Among CKD participants, 6 had macro-calcification in coronary arteries. Abdominal aorta had the greatest macro-calcification, and ascending aorta had the lowest TBR\n                    <jats:sub>peak<\/jats:sub>\n                    . In the ascending aorta, macro-calcification negatively correlated with TBR\n                    <jats:sub>peak<\/jats:sub>\n                    (rho\u2009=\u2009\u2212\u00a00.86, p\u2009=\u20090.01). In descending thoracic aorta, TBR\n                    <jats:sub>peak<\/jats:sub>\n                    negatively correlated with serum calcium (rho\u2009=\u2009\u2212\u00a00.81, p\u2009=\u20090.03), and positively correlated with parathyroid hormone (rho\u2009=\u20090.93, p\u2009=\u20090.003) and thrombomodulin (rho\u2009=\u20090.79, p\u2009=\u20090.04). The optimal time for\n                    <jats:sup>18<\/jats:sup>\n                    F-NaF PET static scan is\u2009~\u200960 min for people with and without CKD. Evaluation of macro- and micro-calcification in aorta revealed preliminary spatial patterns and their associated serum markers. Our findings help to establish technical specifications for image acquisition and analyses of\n                    <jats:sup>18<\/jats:sup>\n                    F-NaF PET\/CT in CKD.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10554-025-03553-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,14]],"date-time":"2025-11-14T01:46:40Z","timestamp":1763084800000},"page":"2415-2426","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["18Fluorine-sodium fluoride positron emission tomography to evaluate arterial calcification in patients with chronic kidney disease: a pilot study"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Aspan M.","family":"Shokrekhuda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rylen","family":"Stratford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wenzhu","family":"Mowrey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Na","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kexin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Saini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mario T.","family":"Di Dea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gabriel","family":"Duah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zahra","family":"Karimi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nicholas E. 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