{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,30]],"date-time":"2025-10-30T11:15:50Z","timestamp":1761822950798},"reference-count":103,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,12,9]],"date-time":"2006-12-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1165622400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancer Metastasis Rev"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,1,5]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10555-006-9034-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,12,8]],"date-time":"2006-12-08T17:40:53Z","timestamp":1165599653000},"page":"601-609","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["The central role of osteoblasts in the metastasis of prostate cancer"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Michel B.","family":"Choueiri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shi-Ming","family":"Tu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Li-Yuan","family":"Yu-Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sue-Hwa","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,12,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"9034_CR1","first-page":"106","volume":"56","author":"A. Jemal","year":"2006","unstructured":"Jemal, A., Siegel, R., Ward, E., Murray, T., Xu, J., Smigal, C., et al. (2006). Cancer statistics, 2006. CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians, 56, 106\u2013130.","journal-title":"CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians"},{"key":"9034_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1393","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ju.0000107247.81471.06","volume":"171","author":"M. R. Cooperberg","year":"2004","unstructured":"Cooperberg, M. R., Broering, J. M., Litwin, M. S., Lubeck, D. P., Mehta, S. S., Henning, J. M., et al. (2004). The contemporary management of prostate cancer in the United States: Lessons from the cancer of the prostate strategic urologic research endeavor (CapSURE), a national disease registry. Journal of Urology, 171, 1393\u20131401.","journal-title":"Journal of Urology"},{"key":"9034_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pienta, K. J., & Smith, D. C. (2005). Advances in prostate cancer chemotherapy: a new era begins. CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians, 55, 300\u2013318; quiz 323\u2013325.","DOI":"10.3322\/canjclin.55.5.300"},{"key":"9034_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1513","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa041318","volume":"351","author":"D. P. Petrylak","year":"2004","unstructured":"Petrylak, D. P., Tangen, C. M., Hussain, M. H., Lara, P. N., Jr., Jones, J. A., Taplin, M. E., et al. (2004). Docetaxel and estramustine compared with mitoxantrone and prednisone for advanced refractory prostate cancer. New England Journal of Medicine, 351, 1513\u20131520.","journal-title":"New England Journal of Medicine"},{"key":"9034_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Galasko, C. S. (1986). Skeletal metastases. Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research, 18\u201330.","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-198609000-00005"},{"key":"9034_CR6","first-page":"443","volume":"13","author":"M. Koutsilieris","year":"1993","unstructured":"Koutsilieris, M. (1993). Osteoblastic metastasis in advanced prostate cancer. Anticancer Research, 13, 443\u2013449.","journal-title":"Anticancer Research"},{"key":"9034_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9209","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-04-2442","volume":"64","author":"R. B. Shah","year":"2004","unstructured":"Shah, R. B., Mehra, R., Chinnaiyan, A. M., Shen, R., Ghosh, D., Zhou, M., et al. (2004). Androgen-independent prostate cancer is a heterogeneous group of diseases: Lessons from a rapid autopsy program. Cancer Research, 64, 9209\u20139216.","journal-title":"Cancer Research"},{"key":"9034_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1169","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.11635","volume":"98","author":"D. C. Miller","year":"2003","unstructured":"Miller, D. C., Hafez, K. S., Stewart, A., Montie, J. E., & Wei, J. T. (2003). Prostate carcinoma presentation, diagnosis, and staging: An update form the National Cancer Data Base. Cancer, 98, 1169\u20131178.","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"9034_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1977","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa043739","volume":"352","author":"A. Bill-Axelson","year":"2005","unstructured":"Bill-Axelson, A., Holmberg, L., Ruutu, M., Haggman, M., Andersson, S. O., Bratell, S., et al. (2005). Radical prostatectomy versus watchful waiting in early prostate cancer. New England Journal of Medicine, 352, 1977\u20131984.","journal-title":"New England Journal of Medicine"},{"key":"9034_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1370","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0142(19970401)79:7<1370::AID-CNCR15>3.0.CO;2-X","volume":"79","author":"G. K. Zagars","year":"1997","unstructured":"Zagars, G. K., Pollack, A., & von Eschenbach, A. C. (1997). Prognostic factors for clinically localized prostate carcinoma: Analysis of 938 patients irradiated in the prostate specific antigen era. Cancer, 79, 1370\u20131380.","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"9034_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2918","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2005.01.529","volume":"23","author":"M. R. Smith","year":"2005","unstructured":"Smith, M. R., Kabbinavar, F., Saad, F., Hussain, A., Gittelman, M. C., Bilhartz, D. L., et al. (2005). Natural history of rising serum prostate-specific antigen in men with castrate nonmetastatic prostate cancer. Journal of Clinical Oncology, 23, 2918\u20132925.","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Oncology"},{"key":"9034_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)38325-8","volume":"145","author":"F. M. Chybowski","year":"1991","unstructured":"Chybowski, F. M., Keller, J. J., Bergstralh, E. J., & Oesterling, J. E. (1991). Predicting radionuclide bone scan findings in patients with newly diagnosed, untreated prostate cancer: Prostate specific antigen is superior to all other clinical parameters. Journal of Urology, 145, 313\u2013318.","journal-title":"Journal of Urology"},{"key":"9034_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2162","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0142(19960515)77:10<2162::AID-CNCR30>3.0.CO;2-R","volume":"77","author":"C. J. Mettlin","year":"1996","unstructured":"Mettlin, C. J., Murphy, G. P., Ho, R., & Menck, H. R. (1996). The National Cancer Data Base report on longitudinal observations on prostate cancer. Cancer, 77, 2162\u20132166.","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"9034_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1053\/ctrv.2000.0210","volume":"27","author":"R. E. Coleman","year":"2001","unstructured":"Coleman, R. E. (2001). Metastatic bone disease: Clinical features, pathophysiology and treatment strategies. Cancer Treatment Reviews, 27, 165\u2013176.","journal-title":"Cancer Treatment Reviews"},{"key":"9034_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"813","DOI":"10.1586\/14737140.6.5.813","volume":"6","author":"J. Shah","year":"2006","unstructured":"Shah, J., Khaksar, S. J., & Sooriakumaran, P. (2006). Management of prostate cancer. Part 3: metastatic disease. Expert Review of Anticancer Therapy, 6, 813\u2013821.","journal-title":"Expert Review of Anticancer Therapy"},{"key":"9034_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1097\/00042307-200109000-00006","volume":"11","author":"M. L. Cher","year":"2001","unstructured":"Cher, M. L. (2001). Mechanisms governing bone metastasis in prostate cancer. Current Opinion in Urology, 11, 483\u2013488.","journal-title":"Current Opinion in Urology"},{"key":"9034_CR17","unstructured":"Ewing, J. (1928) (Ed.). Neoplastic diseases. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders."},{"key":"9034_CR18","unstructured":"Batson, O. V. (1995). The function of the vertebral veins and their role in the spread of metastases. 1940. Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research, 4\u20139."},{"key":"9034_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Paget, S. (1889). The distribution of secondary growths in cancer of the breast. Lancet, 571\u2013573.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)49915-0"},{"key":"9034_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc1098","volume":"3","author":"I. J. Fidler","year":"2003","unstructured":"Fidler, I. J. (2003). The pathogenesis of cancer metastasis: The \u2018seed and soil\u2019 hypothesis revisited. Nature Reviews Cancer, 3, 453\u2013458.","journal-title":"Nature Reviews Cancer"},{"key":"9034_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/90.2.118","volume":"90","author":"J. E. Lehr","year":"1998","unstructured":"Lehr, J. E., & Pienta, K. J. (1998). Preferential adhesion of prostate cancer cells to a human bone marrow endothelial cell line. Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 90, 118\u2013123.","journal-title":"Journal of the National Cancer Institute"},{"key":"9034_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1593\/neo.03484","volume":"6","author":"R. D. Loberg","year":"2004","unstructured":"Loberg, R. D., Fridman, Y., Pienta, B. A., Keller, E. T., McCauley, L. K., Taichman, R. S., et al. (2004). Detection and isolation of circulating tumor cells in urologic cancers: A review. Neoplasia, 6, 302\u2013309.","journal-title":"Neoplasia"},{"key":"9034_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.3816\/CGC.2005.n.008","volume":"4","author":"K. J. Pienta","year":"2005","unstructured":"Pienta, K. J., & Loberg, R. (2005). The \u201cemigration, migration, and immigration\u201d of prostate cancer. Clinical Prostate Cancer, 4, 24\u201330.","journal-title":"Clinical Prostate Cancer"},{"key":"9034_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1240","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/45.8.1240","volume":"45","author":"A. Berruti","year":"1999","unstructured":"Berruti, A., Dogliotti, L., Gorzegno, G., Torta, M., Tampellini, M., Tucci, M., et al. (1999). Differential patterns of bone turnover in relation to bone pain and disease extent in bone in cancer patients with skeletal metastases. Clinical Chemistry, 45, 1240\u20131247.","journal-title":"Clinical Chemistry"},{"key":"9034_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)62647-8","volume":"96","author":"G. B. Cook","year":"1968","unstructured":"Cook, G. B., & Watson, F. R. (1968). Events in the natural history of prostate cancer: Using salvage curves, mean age distributions and contingency coefficients. Journal of Urology, 96, 87\u201396.","journal-title":"Journal of Urology"},{"key":"9034_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1159\/000474311","volume":"24","author":"N. W. Clarke","year":"1993","unstructured":"Clarke, N. W., McClure, J., & George, N. J. (1993). Osteoblast function and osteomalacia in metastatic prostate cancer. European Urology, 24, 286\u2013290.","journal-title":"European Urology"},{"key":"9034_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"918","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19830301)51:5<918::AID-CNCR2820510526>3.0.CO;2-J","volume":"51","author":"S. A. Charhon","year":"1983","unstructured":"Charhon, S. A., Chapuy, M. C., Delvin, E. E., Valentin-Opran, A., Edouard, C. M., & Meunier, P. J. (1983). Histomorphometric analysis of sclerotic bone metastases from prostatic carcinoma special reference to osteomalacia. Cancer, 51, 918\u2013924.","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"9034_CR28","first-page":"97","volume":"80","author":"M. Pecherstorfer","year":"1995","unstructured":"Pecherstorfer, M., Zimmer-Roth, I., Schilling, T., Woitge, H. W., Schmidt, H., Baumgartner, G., et al. (1995). The diagnostic value of urinary pyridinium cross-links of collagen, serum total alkaline phosphatase, and urinary calcium excretion in neoplastic bone disease. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 80, 97\u2013103.","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism"},{"key":"9034_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2952","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(20000615)88:12+<2952::AID-CNCR11>3.0.CO;2-M","volume":"88","author":"A. Fontana","year":"2000","unstructured":"Fontana, A., & Delmas, A. (2000). Markers of bone turnover in bone metastases. Cancer, 88, 2952\u20132960.","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"9034_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1348","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(01)66263-3","volume":"155","author":"J. A. Lorente","year":"1996","unstructured":"Lorente, J. A., Morote, J., Raventos, C., Encabo, G., & Valenzuela, H. (1996). Clinical efficacy of bone alkaline phosphatase and prostate specific antigen in the diagnosis of bone metastasis in prostate cancer. Journal of Urology, 155, 1348\u20131351.","journal-title":"Journal of Urology"},{"key":"9034_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"858","DOI":"10.1054\/bjoc.1999.1012","volume":"82","author":"P. Garnero","year":"2000","unstructured":"Garnero, P., Buchs, N., Zekri, J., Rizzoli, R., Coleman, R. E., & Delmas, P. D. (2000). Markers of bone turnover for the management of patients with bone metastases from prostate cancer. British Journal of Cancer, 82, 858\u2013864.","journal-title":"British Journal of Cancer"},{"key":"9034_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1235","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI11685","volume":"107","author":"J. Zhang","year":"2001","unstructured":"Zhang, J., Dai, J., Qi, Y., Lin, D. L., Smith, P., Strayhorn, C., et al. (2001). Osteoprotegerin inhibits prostate cancer-induced osteoclastogenesis and prevents prostate tumor growth in the bone. Journal of Clinical Investigation, 107, 1235\u20131244.","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Investigation"},{"key":"9034_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1016\/S0090-4295(00)01122-5","volume":"57","author":"J. M. Brown","year":"2001","unstructured":"Brown, J. M., Corey, E., Lee, Z. D., True, L. D., Yun, T. J., Tondravi, M., et al. (2001). Osteoprotegerin and rank ligand expression in prostate cancer. Urology, 57, 611\u2013616.","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"9034_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)03639-4","volume":"357","author":"S. M. Tu","year":"2001","unstructured":"Tu, S. M., Millikan, R. E., & Mengistu, B., et al. (2001). Bone-targeted therapy for advanced androgen-independent carcinoma of the prostate: A randomized phase II trial. The Lancet, 357, 336\u2013341.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"9034_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1084","DOI":"10.1016\/0277-5379(91)90297-Q","volume":"27","author":"J. H. Turner","year":"1991","unstructured":"Turner, J. H., & Claringbold, P. G. (1991). A phase II study of treatment of painful multifocal skeletal metastases with single and repeated dose samarium-153 ethylenediaminetetramethylene phosphonate. European Journal of Cancer, 27, 1084\u20131086.","journal-title":"European Journal of Cancer"},{"key":"9034_CR36","first-page":"1839","volume":"34","author":"C. Collins","year":"1993","unstructured":"Collins, C., Eary, J. F., Donaldson, G., Vernon, C., Bush, N. E., Petersdorf, S., et al. (1993). Samarium-153-EDTMP in bone metastases of hormone refractory prostate carcinoma: A phase I\/II trial. Journal of Nuclear Medicine, 34, 1839\u20131844.","journal-title":"Journal of Nuclear Medicine"},{"key":"9034_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2869","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2003.12.060","volume":"21","author":"H. Palmedo","year":"2003","unstructured":"Palmedo, H., Manka-Waluch, A., Albers, P., Schmidt-Wolf, I. G., Reinhardt, M., Ezziddin, S., et al. (2003). Repeated bone-targeted therapy for hormone-refractory prostate carcinoma: Randomized phase II trial with the new, high-energy radiopharmaceutical rhenium-188 hydroxyethylidenediphosphonate. Journal of Clinical Oncology, 21, 2869\u20132875.","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Oncology"},{"key":"9034_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1297","DOI":"10.1016\/0360-3016(91)90241-U","volume":"20","author":"H. Jacobsson","year":"1991","unstructured":"Jacobsson, H., & Naslund, I. (1991). Reduced incidence of bone metastases in irradiated areas after external radiation therapy of prostatic carcinoma. International Journal of Radiation Oncology, Biology, Physics, 20, 1297\u20131303.","journal-title":"International Journal of Radiation Oncology, Biology, Physics"},{"key":"9034_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10954","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1830978100","volume":"100","author":"J. J. Yin","year":"2003","unstructured":"Yin, J. J., Mohammad, K. S., Kakonen, S. M., Harris, S., Wu-Wong, J. R., Wessale, J. L., et al. (2003). A causal role for endothelin-1 in the pathogenesis of osteoblastic bone metastases. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 100, 10954\u201310959.","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America"},{"key":"9034_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"944","DOI":"10.1038\/nm0995-944","volume":"1","author":"J. B. Nelson","year":"1995","unstructured":"Nelson, J. B., Hedican, S. P., George, D. J., Reddi, A. H., Piantadosi, S., Eisenberger, M. A., et al. (1995). Identification of endothelin-1 in the pathophysiology of metastatic adenocarcinoma of the prostate. Natural Medicines, 1, 944\u2013949.","journal-title":"Natural Medicines"},{"key":"9034_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2003.04.176","volume":"21","author":"M. A. Carducci","year":"2003","unstructured":"Carducci, M. A., Padley, R. J., Breul, J., Vogelzang, N. J., Zonnenberg, B. A., Daliani, D. D., et al. (2003). Effect of endothelin-A receptor blockade with atrasentan on tumor progression in men with hormone-refractory prostate cancer: A randomized, phase II, placebo-controlled trial. Journal of Clinical Oncology, 21, 679\u2013689.","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Oncology"},{"key":"9034_CR42","first-page":"3753","volume":"51","author":"M. Gleave","year":"1991","unstructured":"Gleave, M., Hsieh, J. T., Gao, C. A., von Eschenbach, A. C., & Chung, L. W. (1991). Acceleration of human prostate cancer growth in vivo by factors produced by prostate and bone fibroblasts. Cancer Research, 51, 3753\u20133761.","journal-title":"Cancer Research"},{"key":"9034_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1151","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)37506-7","volume":"147","author":"M. E. Gleave","year":"1992","unstructured":"Gleave, M. E., Hsieh, J. T., von Eschenbach, A. C., & Chung, L. W. (1992). Prostate and bone fibroblasts induce human prostate cancer growth in vivo: Implications for bidirectional tumor-stromal cell interaction in prostate carcinoma growth and metastasis. Journal of Urology, 147, 1151\u20131159.","journal-title":"Journal of Urology"},{"key":"9034_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.2910570319","volume":"57","author":"H. C. Wu","year":"1994","unstructured":"Wu, H. C., Hsieh, J. T., Gleave, M. E., Brown, N. M., Pathak, S., & Chung, L. W. (1994). Derivation of androgen-independent human LNCaP prostatic cancer cell sublines: Role of bone stromal cells. International Journal of Cancer, 57, 406\u2013412.","journal-title":"International Journal of Cancer"},{"key":"9034_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1002\/pros.2990270508","volume":"27","author":"S. H. Lang","year":"1995","unstructured":"Lang, S. H., Miller, W. R., & Habib, F. K. (1995). Stimulation of human prostate cancer cell lines by factors present in human osteoblast-like cells but not in bone marrow. Prostate, 27, 287\u2013293.","journal-title":"Prostate"},{"key":"9034_CR46","first-page":"2587","volume":"9","author":"K. Fizazi","year":"2003","unstructured":"Fizazi, K., Yang, J., Peleg, S., Sikes, C. R., Kreimann, E. L., Daliani, D., et al. (2003). Prostate cancer cells-osteoblast interaction shifts expression of growth\/survival-related genes in prostate cancer and reduces expression of osteoprotegerin in osteoblasts. Clinical Cancer Research, 9, 2587\u20132597.","journal-title":"Clinical Cancer Research"},{"key":"9034_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"844","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.2000.15.5.844","volume":"15","author":"T. J. Rosol","year":"2000","unstructured":"Rosol, T. J. (2000). Pathogenesis of bone metastases: Role of tumor-related proteins. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research, 15, 844\u2013850.","journal-title":"Journal of Bone and Mineral Research"},{"key":"9034_CR48","first-page":"4453","volume":"59","author":"K. Jacob","year":"1999","unstructured":"Jacob, K., Webber, M., Benayahu, D., & Kleinman, H. K. (1999). Osteonectin promotes prostate cancer cell migration and invasion: A possible mechanism for metastasis to bone. Cancer Research, 59, 4453\u20134457.","journal-title":"Cancer Research"},{"key":"9034_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"883","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-05-2816","volume":"66","author":"A. C. Khodavirdi","year":"2006","unstructured":"Khodavirdi, A. C., Song, Z., Yang, S., Zhong, C., Wang, S., Wu, H., et al. (2006). Increased expression of osteopontin contributes to the progression of prostate cancer. Cancer Research, 66, 883\u2013888.","journal-title":"Cancer Research"},{"key":"9034_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.pharmtox.41.1.723","volume":"41","author":"D. T. Denhardt","year":"2001","unstructured":"Denhardt, D. T., Giachelli, C. M., & Rittling, S. R. (2001). Role of osteopontin in cellular signaling and toxicant injury. Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 41, 723\u2013749.","journal-title":"Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology"},{"key":"9034_CR51","first-page":"1043","volume":"23","author":"J. H. Zhang","year":"2003","unstructured":"Zhang, J. H., Tang, J., Wang, J., Ma, W., Zheng, W., Yoneda, T., et al. (2003). Over-expression of bone sialoprotein enhances bone metastasis of human breast cancer cells in a mouse model. International Journal of Oncology, 23, 1043\u20131048.","journal-title":"International Journal of Oncology"},{"key":"9034_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1038\/35025220","volume":"407","author":"P. Carmeliet","year":"2000","unstructured":"Carmeliet, P., & Jain, R. K. (2000). Angiogenesis in cancer and other diseases. Nature, 407, 249\u2013257.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"9034_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/S1078-1439(02)00179-5","volume":"7","author":"F. J. Bianco Jr","year":"2002","unstructured":"Bianco, F. J., Jr., Powell, I. J., Cher, M. L., & Wood, D. P., Jr. (2002). Presence of circulating prostate cancer cells in African American males adversely affects survival. Urologic Oncology, 7, 147\u2013152.","journal-title":"Urologic Oncology"},{"key":"9034_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1010015309973","volume":"2","author":"G. R. Mundy","year":"2001","unstructured":"Mundy, G. R., Chen, D., Zhao, M., Dallas, S., Xu, C., & Harris, S. (2001). Growth regulatory factors and bone. Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders, 2, 105\u2013115.","journal-title":"Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders"},{"key":"9034_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1002\/pros.2990240406","volume":"24","author":"S. E. Harris","year":"1994","unstructured":"Harris, S. E., Harris, M. A., Mahy, P., Wozney, J., Feng, J. Q., & Mundy, G. R. (1994). Expression of bone morphogenetic protein messenger RNAs by normal rat and human prostate and prostate cancer cells. Prostate, 24, 204\u2013211.","journal-title":"Prostate"},{"key":"9034_CR56","first-page":"4427","volume":"57","author":"F. C. Hamdy","year":"1997","unstructured":"Hamdy, F. C., Autzen, P., Robinson, M. C., Horne, C. H., Neal, D. E., & Robson, C. N. (1997). Immunolocalization and messenger RNA expression of bone morphogenetic protein-6 in human benign and malignant prostatic tissue. Cancer Research, 57, 4427\u20134431.","journal-title":"Cancer Research"},{"key":"9034_CR57","first-page":"549","volume":"7","author":"K. Fudge","year":"1994","unstructured":"Fudge, K., Wang, C. Y., & Stearns, M. E. (1994). Immunohistochemistry analysis of platelet-derived growth factor A and B chains and platelet-derived growth factor alpha and beta receptor expression in benign prostatic hyperplasias and Gleason-graded human prostate adenocarcinomas. Modern Pathology, 7, 549\u2013554.","journal-title":"Modern Pathology"},{"key":"9034_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0045(199611)29:5<282::AID-PROS2>3.0.CO;2-C","volume":"29","author":"K. Fudge","year":"1996","unstructured":"Fudge, K., Bostwick, D. G., & Stearns, M. E. (1996). Platelet-derived growth factor A and B chains and the alpha and beta receptors in prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia. Prostate, 29, 282\u2013286.","journal-title":"Prostate"},{"key":"9034_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-9896(199912)189:4<564::AID-PATH480>3.0.CO;2-1","volume":"189","author":"T. J. Dorkin","year":"1999","unstructured":"Dorkin, T. J., Robinson, M. C., Marsh, C., Neal, D. E., & Leung, H. Y. (1999). aFGF immunoreactivity in prostate cancer and its co-localization with bFGF and FGF8. Journal of Pathology, 189, 564\u2013569.","journal-title":"Journal of Pathology"},{"key":"9034_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2329","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(01)64775-X","volume":"157","author":"F. A. Ferrer","year":"1997","unstructured":"Ferrer, F. A., Miller, L. J., Andrawis, R. I., Kurtzman, S. H., Albertsen, P. C., Laudone, V. P., et al. (1997). Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression in human prostate cancer: in situ and in vitro expression of VEGF by human prostate cancer cells. Journal of Urology, 157, 2329\u20132333.","journal-title":"Journal of Urology"},{"key":"9034_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1345","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.20518","volume":"101","author":"G. Chen","year":"2004","unstructured":"Chen, G., Shukeir, N., Potti, A., Sircar, K., Aprikian, A., Goltzman, D., et al. (2004). Up-regulation of Wnt-1 and beta-catenin production in patients with advanced metastatic prostate carcinoma: Potential pathogenetic and prognostic implications. Cancer, 101, 1345\u20131356.","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"9034_CR62","first-page":"481","volume":"13","author":"M. Koutsilieris","year":"1993","unstructured":"Koutsilieris, M., Frenette, G., Lazure, C., Lehoux, J. G., Govindan, M. V., & Polychronakos, C. (1993). Urokinase-type plasminogen activator: A paracrine factor regulating the bioavailability of IGFs in PA-III cell-induced osteoblastic metastases. Anticancer Research, 13, 481\u2013486.","journal-title":"Anticancer Research"},{"key":"9034_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1581","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0142(19971015)80:8+<1581::AID-CNCR8>3.0.CO;2-N","volume":"80","author":"D Goltzman","year":"1997","unstructured":"Goltzman, D. (1997). Mechanisms of the development of osteoblastic metastases. Cancer, 80, 1581\u20131587.","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"9034_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"870","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.20665","volume":"113","author":"P. A. Usher","year":"2005","unstructured":"Usher, P. A., Thomsen, O. F., Iversen, P., Johnsen, M., Brunner, N., Hoyer-Hansen, G., et al. (2005). Expression of urokinase plasminogen activator, its receptor and type-1 inhibitor in malignant and benign prostate tissue. International Journal of Cancer, 113, 870\u2013880.","journal-title":"International Journal of Cancer"},{"key":"9034_CR65","first-page":"44","volume":"56","author":"I. Y. Kim","year":"1996","unstructured":"Kim, I. Y., Ahn, H. J., Zelner, D. J., Shaw, J. W., Sensibar, J. A., Kim, J. H., et al. (1996). Genetic change in transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) receptor type I gene correlates with insensitivity to TGF-beta 1 in human prostate cancer cells. Cancer Research, 56, 44\u201348.","journal-title":"Cancer Research"},{"key":"9034_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2856","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2001.19.11.2856","volume":"19","author":"S. F. Shariat","year":"2001","unstructured":"Shariat, S. F., Shalev, M., Menesses-Diaz, A., Kim, I. Y., Kattan, M. W., Wheeler, T. M., et al. (2001). Preoperative plasma levels of transforming growth factor beta(1) (TGF-beta(1)) strongly predict progression in patients undergoing radical prostatectomy. Journal of Clinical Oncology, 19, 2856\u20132864.","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Oncology"},{"key":"9034_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1126\/science.279.5350.563","volume":"279","author":"J. M. Chan","year":"1998","unstructured":"Chan, J. M., Stampfer, M. J., Giovannucci, E., Gann, P. H., Ma, J., Wilkinson, P., et al. (1998). Plasma insulin-like growth factor-I and prostate cancer risk: A prospective study. Science, 279, 563\u2013566.","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"9034_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc1528","volume":"5","author":"C. J. Logothetis","year":"2005","unstructured":"Logothetis, C. J., & Lin, S. H. (2005). Osteoblasts in prostate cancer metastasis to bone. Nature Reviews Cancer, 5, 21\u201328.","journal-title":"Nature Reviews Cancer"},{"key":"9034_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"688","DOI":"10.1002\/path.1568","volume":"203","author":"F. Vakar-Lopez","year":"2004","unstructured":"Vakar-Lopez, F., Cheng, C. J., Kim, J., Shi, G. G., Troncoso, P., Tu, S. M., et al. (2004). Up-regulation of MDA-BF-1, a secreted isoform of ErbB3, in metastatic prostate cancer cells and activated osteoblasts in bone marrow. Journal of Pathology, 203, 688\u2013695.","journal-title":"Journal of Pathology"},{"key":"9034_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.1991.9.3.509","volume":"9","author":"O. S. Nielsen","year":"1991","unstructured":"Nielsen, O. S., Munro, A. J., & Tannock, I. F. (1991). Bone metastases: Pathophysiology and management policy. Journal of Clinical Oncology, 9, 509\u2013524.","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Oncology"},{"key":"9034_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-410X.1991.tb15260.x","volume":"68","author":"N. W. Clarke","year":"1991","unstructured":"Clarke, N. W., McClure, J., & George, N. J. (1991). Morphometric evidence for bone resorption and replacement in prostate cancer. British Journal of Urology, 68, 74\u201380.","journal-title":"British Journal of Urology"},{"key":"9034_CR72","first-page":"701","volume":"70","author":"M. Sano","year":"1994","unstructured":"Sano, M., Kushida, K., Takahashi, M., Ohishi, T., Kawana, K., Okada, M., et al. (1994). Urinary pyridinoline and deoxypyridinoline in prostate carcinoma patients with bone metastasis. British Journal of Urology, 70, 701\u2013703.","journal-title":"British Journal of Urology"},{"key":"9034_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1691","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(01)65484-3","volume":"156","author":"S. Takeuchi","year":"1996","unstructured":"Takeuchi, S., Arai, K., Saitoh, H., Yoshida, K., & Miura, M. (1996). Urinary pyridinoline and deoxypyridinoline as potential markers of bone metastasis in patients with prostate cancer. Journal of Urology, 156, 1691\u20131695.","journal-title":"Journal of Urology"},{"key":"9034_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)66278-5","volume":"79","author":"S. I. Roland","year":"1958","unstructured":"Roland, S. I. (1958). Calcium studies in ten cases of osteoblastic prostatic metastasis. Journal of Urology, 79, 339\u2013342.","journal-title":"Journal of Urology"},{"key":"9034_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4451","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.140.10.7037","volume":"140","author":"R. J. Thomas","year":"1999","unstructured":"Thomas, R. J., Guise, T. A., Yin, J. J., Elliott, J., Horwood, N. J., Martin, T. J., et al. (1999). Breast cancer cells interact with osteoblasts to support osteoclast formation. Endocrinology, 140, 4451\u20134458.","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"9034_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1319","DOI":"10.1016\/S0046-8177(96)90344-5","volume":"27","author":"F. Asadi","year":"1996","unstructured":"Asadi, F., Farraj, M., Sharifi, R., Malakouti, S., Antar, S., & Kukreja, S. (1996). Enhanced expression of parathyroid hormone-related protein in prostate cancer as compared with benign prostatic hyperplasia. Human Pathology, 27, 1319\u20131323.","journal-title":"Human Pathology"},{"key":"9034_CR77","first-page":"5564","volume":"62","author":"Y. P. Lee","year":"2002","unstructured":"Lee, Y. P., Schwarz, E. M., Davies, M., Jo, M., Gates, J., Zhang, X., et al. (2002). Use of zoledronate to treat osteoblastic versus osteolytic lesions in a severe-combined-immunodeficient mouse model. Cancer Research, 62. 5564\u20135570.","journal-title":"Cancer Research"},{"key":"9034_CR78","first-page":"295","volume":"9","author":"E. Corey","year":"2003","unstructured":"Corey, E., Brown, L. G., Quinn, J. E., Poot, M., Roudier, M. P., Higano, C. S., et al. (2003). Zoledronic acid exhibits inhibitory effects on osteoblastic and osteolytic metastases of prostate cancer. Clinical Cancer Research, 9, 295\u2013306.","journal-title":"Clinical Cancer Research"},{"key":"9034_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8818","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-05-0540","volume":"65","author":"S. Miwa","year":"2005","unstructured":"Miwa, S., Mizokami, A., Keller, E. T., Taichman, R., Zhang, J., & Namiki, M. (2005). The bisphosphonate YM529 inhibits osteolytic and osteoblastic changes and CXCR-4-induced invasion in prostate cancer. Cancer Research, 65, 8818\u20138825.","journal-title":"Cancer Research"},{"key":"9034_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1458","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/94.19.1458","volume":"94","author":"F. Saad","year":"2002","unstructured":"Saad, F., Gleason, D. M., Murray, R., Tchekmedyian, S., Venner, P., Lacombe, L., et al. (2002). A randomized, placebo-controlled trial of zoledronic acid in patients with hormone-refractory metastatic prostate carcinoma. Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 94, 1458\u20131468.","journal-title":"Journal of the National Cancer Institute"},{"key":"9034_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"879","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djh141","volume":"96","author":"F. Saad","year":"2004","unstructured":"Saad, F., Gleason, D. M., Murray, R., Tchekmedyian, S., Venner, P., Lacombe, L., et al. (2004). Long-term efficacy of zoledronic acid for the prevention of skeletal complications in patients with metastatic hormone-refractory prostate cancer. Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 96, 879\u2013882.","journal-title":"Journal of the National Cancer Institute"},{"key":"9034_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa041943","volume":"352","author":"V. B. Shahinian","year":"2005","unstructured":"Shahinian, V. B., Kuo, Y. F., Freeman, J. L., & Goodwin, J. S. (2005). Risk of fracture after androgen deprivation for prostate cancer. New England Journal of Medicine, 352, 154\u2013164.","journal-title":"New England Journal of Medicine"},{"key":"9034_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1300","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djg038","volume":"95","author":"D. P. Dearnaley","year":"2003","unstructured":"Dearnaley, D. P., Sydes, M. R., Mason, M. D., Stott, M., Powell, C. S., Robinson, A. C., et al. (2003). double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized trial of oral sodium clodronate for metastatic prostate cancer (MRC PR05 Trial). Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 95, 1300\u20131311.","journal-title":"Journal of the National Cancer Institute"},{"key":"9034_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1586\/14737140.5.2.221","volume":"5","author":"J. Gulley","year":"2005","unstructured":"Gulley, J., & Dahut, W. L. (2005). Clodronate in the prevention and treatment of skeletal metastasis. Expert Review of Anticancer Therapy, 5, 221\u2013230.","journal-title":"Expert Review of Anticancer Therapy"},{"key":"9034_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1002\/jcb.20522","volume":"96","author":"R. D. Loberg","year":"2005","unstructured":"Loberg, R. D., Gayed, B. A., Olson, K. B., & Pienta, K. J. (2005). A paradigm for the treatment of prostate cancer bone metastases based on an understanding of tumor cell-microenvironment interactions. Journal of Cellular Biochemistry, 96, 439\u2013446.","journal-title":"Journal of Cellular Biochemistry"},{"key":"9034_CR86","first-page":"3755","volume":"63","author":"A. Abdollahi","year":"2003","unstructured":"Abdollahi, A., Lipson, K. E., Han, X., Krempien, R., Trinh, T., Weber, K. J., et al. (2003). SU5416 and SU6668 attenuate the angiogenic effects of radiation-induced tumor cell growth factor production and amplify the direct anti-endothelial action of radiation in vitro. Cancer Research, 63, 3755\u20133763.","journal-title":"Cancer Research"},{"key":"9034_CR87","first-page":"7","volume":"19","author":"R. K. Jain","year":"2005","unstructured":"Jain, R. K. (2005). Antiangiogenic therapy for cancer: current and emerging concepts. Oncology (Williston Park), 19, 7\u201316.","journal-title":"Oncology (Williston Park)"},{"key":"9034_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3731","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-04-0074","volume":"64","author":"R. T. Tong","year":"2004","unstructured":"Tong, R. T., Boucher, Y., Kozin, S. V., Winkler, F., Hicklin, D. J., & Jain, R. K. (2004). Vascular normalization by vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 blockade induces a pressure gradient across the vasculature and improves drug penetration in tumors. Cancer Research, 64, 3731\u20133736.","journal-title":"Cancer Research"},{"key":"9034_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djj211","volume":"98","author":"S. J. Kim","year":"2006","unstructured":"Kim, S. J., Uehara, H., Yazici, S., Busby, J. E., Nakamura, T., He, J., et al. (2006). Targeting platelet-derived growth factor receptor on endothelial cells of multidrug-resistant prostate cancer. Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 98, 783\u2013793.","journal-title":"Journal of the National Cancer Institute"},{"key":"9034_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4162","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2005.09.034","volume":"23","author":"A. L. Thomas","year":"2005","unstructured":"Thomas, A. L., Morgan, B., Horsfield, M. A., Higginson, A., Kay, A., Lee, L., et al. (2005). Phase I study of the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of PTK787\/ZK 222584 administered twice daily in patients with advanced cancer. Journal of Clinical Oncology, 23, 4162\u20134171.","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Oncology"},{"key":"9034_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1089\/108497801300189218","volume":"16","author":"J. A. Posey","year":"2001","unstructured":"Posey, J. A., Khazaeli, M. B., DelGrosso, A., Saleh, M. N., Lin, C. Y., Huse, W., et al. (2001). A pilot trial of Vitaxin, a humanized anti-vitronectin receptor (anti alpha v beta 3) antibody in patients with metastatic cancer. Cancer Biotherapy and Radiopharmaceuticals, 16, 125\u2013132.","journal-title":"Cancer Biotherapy and Radiopharmaceuticals"},{"key":"9034_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3037","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.13.23.3037","volume":"13","author":"G. Karsenty","year":"1999","unstructured":"Karsenty, G. (1999). The genetic transformation of bone biology. Genes and Development, 13, 3037\u20133051.","journal-title":"Genes and Development"},{"key":"9034_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1015599831232","volume":"20","author":"E. T. Keller","year":"2001","unstructured":"Keller, E. T., Zhang, J., Cooper, C. R., Smith, P. C., McCauley, L. K., Pienta, K. J., et al. (2001). Prostate carcinoma skeletal metastases: Cross-talk between tumor and bone. Cancer and Metastasis Reviews, 20, 333\u2013349.","journal-title":"Cancer and Metastasis Reviews"},{"key":"9034_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1677\/erc.0.0060333","volume":"6","author":"B. F. Boyce","year":"1999","unstructured":"Boyce, B. F., Yoneda, T., & Guise, T. A. (1999). Factors regulating the growth of metastatic cancer in bone. Endocrine Related Cancer, 6, 333\u2013347.","journal-title":"Endocrine Related Cancer"},{"key":"9034_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2488","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19921115)70:10<2488::AID-CNCR2820701016>3.0.CO;2-9","volume":"70","author":"S. Saxman","year":"1992","unstructured":"Saxman, S., Ansari, R., Drasga, R., et al. (1992). Phase III trial of cyclophosphamide versus cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and methotrexate in hormone refractory prostatic cancer. Cancer, 70, 2488\u20132492.","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"9034_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3160","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.1999.17.10.3160","volume":"17","author":"G. Hudes","year":"1999","unstructured":"Hudes, G., Einhorn, L., & Ross, E., et al. (1999). Vinblastine vs vinblastine plus oral estramustine phosphate for patients with hormone-refractory prostate cancer: a Hoosier Oncology Group and Fox Chase Network Phase III trial. Journal of Clinical Oncology, 17, 3160\u20133166.","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Oncology"},{"key":"9034_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1440","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2000.18.7.1440","volume":"18","author":"E. J. Small","year":"2000","unstructured":"Small, E. J., Meyer, M., Marshall, M. E., et al. (2000). Suramin therapy for patients with symptomatic hormone-refractory prostate cancer: Results of a randomized phase III trial comparing suramin plus hydrocortisone to placebo plus hydrocortisone. Journal of Clinical Oncology, 18, 1440\u20131450.","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Oncology"},{"key":"9034_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2506","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.1999.17.8.2506","volume":"17","author":"P. W. Kantoff","year":"1999","unstructured":"Kantoff, P. W., Conaway, M., & Winer, E., et al. (1999). Hydrocortisone with or without mitoxantrone in patients with hormone refractory prostate cancer: Results of the Cancer and Leukemia Group B9182 study. Journal of Clinical Oncology, 17, 2506\u20132513.","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Oncology"},{"key":"9034_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1756","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.1996.14.6.1756","volume":"14","author":"I. F. Tannock","year":"1996","unstructured":"Tannock, I. F., Osoba, D., & Stockler, M. R., et al. (1996). Chemotherapy with mitoxantrone plus prednisone or prednisone alone for symptomatic hormone-resistant prostate cancer: A Canadian randomized trial with palliative end points. Journal of Clinical Oncology, 14, 1756\u20131764.","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Oncology"},{"key":"9034_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1502","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa040720","volume":"351","author":"I. F. Tannock","year":"2004","unstructured":"Tannock, I. F., de Wit, R., Berry, W. R., Horti, J., Pluzanska, A., Chi, K. N., et al. (2004). Docetaxel plus prednisone or mitoxantrone plus prednisone for advanced prostate cancer. New England Journal of Medicine, 351, 1502\u20131512.","journal-title":"New England Journal of Medicine"},{"key":"9034_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.1016\/0360-3016(93)90309-J","volume":"25","author":"A. T. Porter","year":"1993","unstructured":"Porter, A. T., McEwan, A. J. B., Powe, J. E., et al. (1993). Results of a randomized phase III trial to evaluate the efficacy of strontium-89 adjuvant to local field external beam irradiation in the management of endocrine resistant metastatic prostate cancer. International Journal of Radiation Oncology, Biology, Physics, 25, 805\u2013813.","journal-title":"International Journal of Radiation Oncology, Biology, Physics"},{"key":"9034_CR102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1177\/1534735404270757","volume":"3","author":"M. F. McCarty","year":"2004","unstructured":"McCarty, M. F. (2004). Targeting multiple signaling pathways as a strategy for managing prostate cancer: multifocal signal modulation therapy. Integrative Cancer Therapies, 3, 349\u2013380.","journal-title":"Integrative Cancer Therapies"},{"key":"9034_CR103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2004.11.018","volume":"37","author":"A. R. Uzgare","year":"2005","unstructured":"Uzgare, A. R., & Isaacs, J. T. (2005). Prostate cancer: Potential targets of anti-proliferative and apoptotic signaling pathways. International Journal of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, 37, 707\u2013714.","journal-title":"International Journal of Biochemistry and Cell Biology"}],"container-title":["Cancer and Metastasis Reviews"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10555-006-9034-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10555-006-9034-y\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10555-006-9034-y","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,19]],"date-time":"2020-04-19T06:42:48Z","timestamp":1587278568000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10555-006-9034-y"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2006,12,9]]},"references-count":103,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,1,5]]}},"alternative-id":["9034"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10555-006-9034-y","relation":{},"ISSN":["0167-7659","1573-7233"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0167-7659","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-7233","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2006,12,9]]}}}