{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T22:34:43Z","timestamp":1793313283943,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":111,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100015498","name":"Innov\u00e1ci\u00f3s \u00e9s Technol\u00f3giai Miniszt\u00e9rium","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K139059"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K139059"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100015498","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002332","name":"Semmelweis University","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002332","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancer Metastasis Rev"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Adenocarcinomas are rare histological subtypes of bladder cancer mainly presenting as primary bladder adenocarcinomas (PBACs), or urachal carcinomas (UrCs). The lack of standardized, evidence-based clinical recommendations for therapy results in individualized treatment decisions. These personalized treatments may be tailored based on molecular analyses to target driver mutations. The genetic background of UrC and PBAC has been increasingly explored through molecular analysis of relatively small case series. Similarly, experiences with targeted treatments are available from individual case reports and single institution case series. Consequently, currently available genetic and targeted treatment data are fragmented, hindering a comprehensive overview and firm conclusions. Therefore, we aimed to catalogue and interpret recent molecular genetic insights and targeted therapeutic experiences in UrC and PBAC in order to provide a basis for improved clinical decision-making. In this review, we screened online databases with search terms selective for genetic and targeted therapeutic data in UrC and PBAC. Utilizing the extracted data, we identified mutational frequencies, created OncoPrints, investigated signaling pathways, and evaluated treatment approaches guided by precision medicine. Our summary of genetic findings and targeted therapy strategies are intended to support off-label options for UrC and PBAC.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10555-026-10332-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T02:28:17Z","timestamp":1777602497000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Genetic characteristics and targeted treatments of primary bladder and urachal adenocarcinomas: a systematic review with pooled descriptive genomic analyses"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"45","author":[{"given":"B\u00e1lint","family":"D\u00e9r","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melinda","family":"V\u00e1radi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nikolett","family":"Nagy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andras","family":"Kubik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gladell P.","family":"Paner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gopa","family":"Iyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nadine T.","family":"Gaisa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara E.","family":"Wobker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Bambury","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bas W. G.","family":"van Rhijn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hikmat","family":"Al-Ahmadie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P\u00e9ter","family":"Nyir\u00e1dy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henning","family":"Reis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tibor","family":"Szarvas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"10332_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urolonc.2016.12.006","volume":"35","author":"M Moschini","year":"2017","unstructured":"Moschini, M., et al. (2017). Incidence and effect of variant histology on oncological outcomes in patients with bladder cancer treated with radical cystectomy. Urologic Oncology: Seminars and Original Investigations, 35, 335\u2013341. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.urolonc.2016.12.006","journal-title":"Urologic Oncology: Seminars and Original Investigations"},{"key":"10332_CR2","unstructured":"Board, W. C. o. T. E. Urinary and male genital tumours. Vol. vol. 8 (IARC Press, 2022)."},{"key":"10332_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.4103\/0974-7796.150533","volume":"7","author":"B Arslan","year":"2015","unstructured":"Arslan, B., et al. (2015). Clinical features and outcomes of nontransitional cell carcinomas of the urinary bladder: Analysis of 125 cases. Urology Annals, 7, 177\u2013182. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/0974-7796.150533","journal-title":"Urology Annals"},{"key":"10332_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/s0022-5347(17)53595-8","volume":"127","author":"GE Schubert","year":"1982","unstructured":"Schubert, G. E., Pavkovic, M. B., & Bethke-Bed\u00fcrftig, B. A. (1982). Tubular urachal remnants in adult bladders. Journal of Urology, 127, 40\u201342. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0022-5347(17)53595-8","journal-title":"Journal of Urology"},{"key":"10332_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urolonc.2016.04.012","volume":"34","author":"T Szarvas","year":"2016","unstructured":"Szarvas, T., et al. (2016). Clinical, prognostic, and therapeutic aspects of urachal carcinoma\u2014A comprehensive review with meta-analysis of 1,010 cases. Urologic Oncology: Seminars and Original Investigations, 34, 388\u2013398. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.urolonc.2016.04.012","journal-title":"Urologic Oncology: Seminars and Original Investigations"},{"key":"10332_CR6","first-page":"51","volume":"3","author":"V Dadhania","year":"2015","unstructured":"Dadhania, V., Czerniak, B., & Guo, C. C. (2015). Adenocarcinoma of the urinary bladder. American Journal of Clinical and Experimental Urology, 3, 51\u201363.","journal-title":"American Journal of Clinical and Experimental Urology"},{"key":"10332_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euo.2019.09.003","volume":"2","author":"E Veskim\u00e4e","year":"2019","unstructured":"Veskim\u00e4e, E., et al. (2019). What is the prognostic and clinical importance of urothelial and nonurothelial histological variants of bladder cancer in predicting oncological outcomes in patients with muscle-invasive and metastatic bladder cancer? A European Association of Urology Muscle Invasive and Metastatic Bladder Cancer Guidelines Panel Systematic Review. European Urology Oncology, 2, 625\u2013642. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.euo.2019.09.003","journal-title":"European Urology Oncology"},{"key":"10332_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1295","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ju.0000054646.49381.01","volume":"169","author":"AO Siefker-Radtke","year":"2003","unstructured":"Siefker-Radtke, A. O., et al. (2003). Multimodality management of urachal carcinoma: The M. D. Anderson Cancer Center experience. Journal of Urology, 169, 1295\u20131298. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/01.ju.0000054646.49381.01","journal-title":"Journal of Urology"},{"key":"10332_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1016\/0090-4295(85)90121-9","volume":"26","author":"CJ Logothetis","year":"1985","unstructured":"Logothetis, C. J., Samuels, M. L., & Ogden, S. (1985). Chemotherapy for adenocarcinomas of bladder and urachal origin: 5-fluorouracil, doxorubicin, and mitomycin-C. Urology, 26, 252\u2013255. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0090-4295(85)90121-9","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"10332_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9041","DOI":"10.1002\/cam4.5639","volume":"12","author":"M Varadi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Varadi, M., et al. (2023). Clinical sequencing identifies potential actionable alterations in a high rate of urachal and primary bladder adenocarcinomas. Cancer Medicine, 12, 9041\u20139054. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cam4.5639","journal-title":"Cancer Medicine"},{"key":"10332_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/po.21.00392","volume":"6","author":"N Almassi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Almassi, N., et al. (2022). Clinical and Genomic Characterization of Bladder Carcinomas With Glandular Phenotype. JCO Precision Oncology, 6,. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1200\/po.21.00392","journal-title":"JCO Precision Oncology"},{"key":"10332_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1007\/s00428-020-02787-8","volume":"477","author":"A Maurer","year":"2020","unstructured":"Maurer, A., et al. (2020). Comparative genomic profiling of glandular bladder tumours. Virchows Archiv, 477, 445\u2013454. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00428-020-02787-8","journal-title":"Virchows Archiv"},{"key":"10332_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2009.10.018","volume":"75","author":"G Lughezzani","year":"2010","unstructured":"Lughezzani, G., et al. (2010). Adenocarcinoma versus urothelial carcinoma of the urinary bladder: Comparison between pathologic stage at radical cystectomy and cancer-specific mortality. Urology, 75, 376\u2013381. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.urology.2009.10.018","journal-title":"Urology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10332_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.1016\/S0090-4295(96)00574-2","volume":"49","author":"RA Santucci","year":"1997","unstructured":"Santucci, R. A., True, L. D., & Lange, P. H. (1997). Is partial cystectomy the treatment of choice for mucinous adenocarcinoma of the urachus? Urology, 49(4), 536\u2013540. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0090-4295(96)00574-2","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"10332_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"548","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2020.01.003","volume":"77","author":"A Necchi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Necchi, A., et al. (2020). Comprehensive assessment of immuno-oncology biomarkers in adenocarcinoma, urothelial carcinoma, and squamous-cell carcinoma of the bladder. European Urology, 77, 548\u2013556. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eururo.2020.01.003","journal-title":"European Urology"},{"key":"10332_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/po.24.00200","volume":"8","author":"A Cigliola","year":"2024","unstructured":"Cigliola, A., et al. (2024). Urachal and nonurachal adenocarcinomas of the urinary bladder: A comprehensive genomic profiling study. JCO Precision Oncology, 8,. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1200\/po.24.00200","journal-title":"JCO Precision Oncology"},{"key":"10332_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1038\/s41379-020-00655-z","volume":"34","author":"AM Acosta","year":"2021","unstructured":"Acosta, A. M., et al. (2021). Intestinal metaplasia of the urinary tract harbors potentially oncogenic genetic variants. Modern Pathology, 34, 457\u2013468. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41379-020-00655-z","journal-title":"Modern Pathology"},{"key":"10332_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1036","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2559.2012.04309.x","volume":"61","author":"RE Alexander","year":"2012","unstructured":"Alexander, R. E., et al. (2012). KRAS mutation is present in a small subset of primary urinary bladder adenocarcinomas. Histopathology, 61, 1036\u20131042. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-2559.2012.04309.x","journal-title":"Histopathology"},{"key":"10332_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1038\/modpathol.2013.132","volume":"27","author":"RE Alexander","year":"2014","unstructured":"Alexander, R. E., et al. (2014). EGFR alterations and EML4-ALK rearrangement in primary adenocarcinoma of the urinary bladder. Modern Pathology, 27, 107\u2013112. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/modpathol.2013.132","journal-title":"Modern Pathology"},{"key":"10332_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1177\/1066896919872535","volume":"28","author":"KM Cornejo","year":"2020","unstructured":"Cornejo, K. M., et al. (2020). Mutational Profile Using Next-Generation Sequencing May Aid in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Urachal Adenocarcinoma. International Journal of Surgical Pathology, 28, 51\u201359. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1066896919872535","journal-title":"International Journal of Surgical Pathology"},{"key":"10332_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2016.02.009","volume":"53","author":"ML Cowan","year":"2016","unstructured":"Cowan, M. L., et al. (2016). Detection of TERT promoter mutations in primary adenocarcinoma of the urinary bladder. Human Pathology, 53, 8\u201313. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.humpath.2016.02.009","journal-title":"Human Pathology"},{"key":"10332_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"234A","DOI":"10.1038\/labinvest.2016.10","volume":"96","author":"Z Grada","year":"2016","unstructured":"Grada, Z., Matoso, A., Breese, V., Jackson, C., & Amin, A. (2016). Molecular evidence of preneoplastic potential of intestinal metaplasia in the urinary bladder. Laboratory Investigation, 96, 234A. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/labinvest.2016.10","journal-title":"Laboratory Investigation"},{"key":"10332_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1007\/s00428-019-02634-5","volume":"475","author":"CY Lin","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lin, C. Y., et al. (2019). Molecular profiling of clear cell adenocarcinoma of the urinary tract. Virchows Archiv, 475, 727\u2013734. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00428-019-02634-5","journal-title":"Virchows Archiv"},{"key":"10332_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1007\/s00508-015-0803-x","volume":"127","author":"EK Masel","year":"2015","unstructured":"Masel, E. K., et al. (2015). War and peace? The oncologic and the palliative care perspective on personalized cancer treatment in a patient with advanced cancer. Wiener Klinische Wochenschrift, 127, 635\u2013638. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00508-015-0803-x","journal-title":"Wiener Klinische Wochenschrift"},{"key":"10332_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clgc.2023.09.002","volume":"22","author":"A Mathavan","year":"2024","unstructured":"Mathavan, A., et al. (2024). Clinical presentation and targeted interventions in urachal adenocarcinoma: A single-institution case series and review of emerging therapies. Clinical Genitourinary Cancer, 22, 67\u201375. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clgc.2023.09.002","journal-title":"Clinical Genitourinary Cancer"},{"key":"10332_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"840","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.33328","volume":"127","author":"BA McGregor","year":"2021","unstructured":"McGregor, B. A., et al. (2021). Results of a multicenter, phase 2 study of nivolumab and ipilimumab for patients with advanced rare genitourinary malignancies. Cancer, 127, 840\u2013849. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cncr.33328","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"10332_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39293","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.9828","volume":"7","author":"O M\u00f3dos","year":"2016","unstructured":"M\u00f3dos, O., et al. (2016). Mutations of KRAS, NRAS, BRAF, EGFR, and PIK3CA genes in urachal carcinoma: Occurence and prognostic significance. Oncotarget, 7, 39293\u201339301. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18632\/oncotarget.9828","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"10332_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2773","DOI":"10.1007\/s12253-020-00872-6","volume":"26","author":"N Nagy","year":"2020","unstructured":"Nagy, N., et al. (2020). Prevalence of APC and PTEN alterations in urachal cancer. Pathology, Oncology, Research, 26, 2773\u20132781. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12253-020-00872-6","journal-title":"Pathology, Oncology, Research"},{"key":"10332_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1097\/pap.0000000000000268","volume":"27","author":"AS Pires-Luis","year":"2020","unstructured":"Pires-Luis, A. S., et al. (2020). Molecular genetic features of primary nonurachal enteric-type adenocarcinoma, urachal adenocarcinoma, mucinous adenocarcinoma, and intestinal metaplasia\/adenoma: Review of the literature and next-generation sequencing study. Advances in Anatomic Pathology, 27, 303\u2013310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/pap.0000000000000268","journal-title":"Advances in Anatomic Pathology"},{"key":"10332_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.12788\/jcso.0218","volume":"14","author":"VK Pokuri","year":"2016","unstructured":"Pokuri, V. K., et al. (2016). A novel treatment approach prolonging survival in an uncommon metastatic primary bladder adenocarcinoma. Journal of Community and Supportive Oncology, 14, 72\u201375. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12788\/jcso.0218","journal-title":"Journal of Community and Supportive Oncology"},{"key":"10332_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E204","DOI":"10.5489\/cuaj.2447","volume":"9","author":"N Pugashetti","year":"2015","unstructured":"Pugashetti, N., Yap, S. A., Lara, P. N., Jr., Gandour-Edwards, R., & Dall\u2019Era, M. A. (2015). Metastatic signet-ring cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder: A novel management approach to a rare tumour. Canadian Urological Association Journal = Journal de l\u2019Association Urologique du Canada, 9, E204\u2013E207. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5489\/cuaj.2447","journal-title":"Canadian Urological Association Journal = Journal de l'Association Urologique du Canada"},{"key":"10332_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1764","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.31547","volume":"143","author":"H Reis","year":"2018","unstructured":"Reis, H., et al. (2018). Pathogenic and targetable genetic alterations in 70 urachal adenocarcinomas. International Journal of Cancer, 143, 1764\u20131773. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ijc.31547","journal-title":"International Journal of Cancer"},{"key":"10332_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1007\/s00428-018-2467-1","volume":"474","author":"G Riva","year":"2019","unstructured":"Riva, G., et al. (2019). Urachal carcinoma: From gross specimen to morphologic, immunohistochemical, and molecular analysis. Virchows Archiv, 474, 13\u201320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00428-018-2467-1","journal-title":"Virchows Archiv"},{"key":"10332_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1133","DOI":"10.1038\/modpathol.2017.33","volume":"30","author":"S Roy","year":"2017","unstructured":"Roy, S., et al. (2017). Next-generation sequencing-based molecular characterization of primary urinary bladder adenocarcinoma. Modern Pathology, 30, 1133\u20131143. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/modpathol.2017.33","journal-title":"Modern Pathology"},{"issue":"5","key":"10332_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1200\/jop.18.00708","volume":"15","author":"T Seto","year":"2019","unstructured":"Seto, T., et al. (2019). Germline BRCA1 deletion as driver mutation for metastatic urachal adenocarcinoma in patient who achieved complete response to rucaparib. Journal of Oncology Practice, 15(5), 293\u2013295. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1200\/jop.18.00708","journal-title":"Journal of Oncology Practice"},{"key":"10332_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"859","DOI":"10.1093\/jjco\/hyaa042","volume":"50","author":"K Shitara","year":"2020","unstructured":"Shitara, K., et al. (2020). Phase I trial of the MET inhibitor tepotinib in Japanese patients with solid tumors. Japanese Journal of Clinical Oncology, 50, 859\u2013866. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jjco\/hyaa042","journal-title":"Japanese Journal of Clinical Oncology"},{"key":"10332_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29211","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.8640","volume":"7","author":"H Singh","year":"2016","unstructured":"Singh, H., et al. (2016). Whole exome sequencing of urachal adenocarcinoma reveals recurrent NF1 mutations. Oncotarget, 7, 29211\u201329215. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18632\/oncotarget.8640","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"10332_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2013.09.008","volume":"45","author":"SJ Sirintrapun","year":"2014","unstructured":"Sirintrapun, S. J., Ward, M., Woo, J., & Cimic, A. (2014). High-stage urachal adenocarcinoma can be associated with microsatellite instability and KRAS mutations. Human Pathology, 45, 327\u2013330. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.humpath.2013.09.008","journal-title":"Human Pathology"},{"key":"10332_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1038\/nrurol.2011.48","volume":"8","author":"M Teo","year":"2011","unstructured":"Teo, M., Swan, N. C., & McDermott, R. S. (2011). Sustained response of adenocarcinoma of the urinary bladder to FOLFOX plus bevacizumab. Nature Reviews Urology, 8, 282\u2013285. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrurol.2011.48","journal-title":"Nature Reviews Urology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10332_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4081\/rt.2014.5529","volume":"6","author":"I Testa","year":"2014","unstructured":"Testa, I., et al. (2014). Response to targeted therapy in urachal adenocarcinoma. Rare Tumors, 6(4). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4081\/rt.2014.5529","journal-title":"Rare Tumors"},{"key":"10332_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1111\/pin.12594","volume":"67","author":"S Thiem","year":"2017","unstructured":"Thiem, S., et al. (2017). Telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) promoter mutations are rare in urachal cancer. Pathology International, 67, 597\u2013601. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/pin.12594","journal-title":"Pathology International"},{"issue":"2","key":"10332_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.5980\/jpnjurol.113.68","volume":"113","author":"T Tokita","year":"2022","unstructured":"Tokita, T., et al. (2022). [A CASE OF URACHAL CARCINOMA WITH HIGH FREQUENCY MICROSATELLITE INSTABILITY (MSI-HIGH) TREATED BY PEMBROLIZUMAB]. Nihon Hinyokika Gakkai Zasshi, 113(2), 68\u201372. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5980\/jpnjurol.113.68","journal-title":"Nihon Hinyokika Gakkai Zasshi"},{"key":"10332_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anndiagpath.2015.06.007","volume":"19","author":"E Vail","year":"2015","unstructured":"Vail, E., et al. (2015). Telomerase reverse transcriptase promoter mutations in glandular lesions of the urinary bladder. Annals of Diagnostic Pathology, 19, 301\u2013305. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.anndiagpath.2015.06.007","journal-title":"Annals of Diagnostic Pathology"},{"key":"10332_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4081\/rt.2011.e9","volume":"3","author":"M Valerio","year":"2011","unstructured":"Valerio, M., Lhermitte, B., Bauer, J., & Jichlinski, P. (2011). Metastatic primary adenocarcinoma of the bladder in a twenty-five years old woman. Rare Tumors, 3,. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4081\/rt.2011.e9","journal-title":"Rare Tumors"},{"key":"10332_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2022.1034245","volume":"12","author":"Q Wang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wang, Q., Chen, X., Zhang, J., Luo, Y., & Jiang, K. (2022). Primary urachal signet ring cell carcinoma: A case report. Frontiers in Oncology, 12,. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fonc.2022.1034245","journal-title":"Frontiers in Oncology"},{"key":"10332_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4249","DOI":"10.2147\/ott.S247515","volume":"13","author":"X Wang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wang, X., Hu, W., & Xie, L. (2020). Response to anti-HER2-based treatment in a patient with bladder adenocarcinoma harboring HER2 amplification and S310F mutation discovered by next-generation sequencing: A case report. OncoTargets and Therapy, 13, 4249\u20134255. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/ott.S247515","journal-title":"OncoTargets and Therapy"},{"key":"10332_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1159\/000258182","volume":"35","author":"S We\u00dfendorf","year":"2012","unstructured":"We\u00dfendorf, S., Pro\u00df, R., Gei\u00dfler, M., & Schw\u00e4nen, C. (2012). Sustained therapy response in a patient with metastastatic urachal carcinoma using a cetuximab-based polychemotherapy. Onkologie, 35, 130. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000258182","journal-title":"Onkologie"},{"key":"10332_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1093\/jjco\/hyab013","volume":"51","author":"K Yonemori","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yonemori, K., et al. (2021). The safety, tolerability and pharmacokinetics of niraparib in Japanese patients with solid tumours: Results of a phase I dose-escalation study. Japanese Journal of Clinical Oncology, 51, 693\u2013699. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jjco\/hyab013","journal-title":"Japanese Journal of Clinical Oncology"},{"key":"10332_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcp\/aqac039","volume":"158","author":"MP Zaleski","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zaleski, M. P., et al. (2022). Distinct Gene Mutations Are Associated With Clinicopathologic Features in Urachal Carcinoma. American Journal of Clinical Pathology, 158, 263\u2013269. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ajcp\/aqac039","journal-title":"American Journal of Clinical Pathology"},{"key":"10332_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15252\/embr.202357215","volume":"24","author":"D Zapletal","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zapletal, D., Kubicek, K., Svoboda, P., & Stefl, R. (2023). Dicer structure and function: Conserved and evolving features. EMBO Reports, 24,. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15252\/embr.202357215","journal-title":"EMBO Reports"},{"key":"10332_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2021.662589","volume":"11","author":"H Zheng","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zheng, H., Song, W., Feng, X., & Zhao, H. (2021). Metastatic Urachal Carcinoma treated with several different combined regimens: A case report. Frontiers in Oncology, 11,. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fonc.2021.662589","journal-title":"Frontiers in Oncology"},{"key":"10332_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1007\/s10637-005-5860-y","volume":"23","author":"G Goss","year":"2005","unstructured":"Goss, G., et al. (2005). A phase I study of oral ZD 1839 given daily in patients with solid tumors: IND.122, a study of the Investigational New Drug Program of the National Cancer Institute of Canada Clinical Trials Group. Investigational New Drugs, 23, 147\u2013155. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10637-005-5860-y","journal-title":"Investigational New Drugs"},{"key":"10332_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5808\/gi.22079","volume":"21","author":"J Park","year":"2023","unstructured":"Park, J., & Paramasivam, N. (2023). PyOncoPrint: A python package for plotting OncoPrints. Genomics & Informatics, 21,. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5808\/gi.22079","journal-title":"Genomics & Informatics"},{"key":"10332_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2018.03.022","volume":"173","author":"KA Hoadley","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hoadley, K. A., et al. (2018). Cell-of-origin patterns dominate the molecular classification of 10,000 tumors from 33 types of cancer. Cell, 173, 291-304.e296. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cell.2018.03.022","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10332_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1158\/2159-8290.Cd-12-0095","volume":"2","author":"E Cerami","year":"2012","unstructured":"Cerami, E., et al. (2012). The cBio cancer genomics portal: An open platform for exploring multidimensional cancer genomics data. Cancer Discovery, 2, 401\u2013404. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1158\/2159-8290.Cd-12-0095","journal-title":"Cancer Discovery"},{"key":"10332_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scisignal.2004088","volume":"6","author":"J Gao","year":"2013","unstructured":"Gao, J., et al. (2013). Integrative analysis of complex cancer genomics and clinical profiles using the cBioPortal. Sci Signal, 6,. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/scisignal.2004088","journal-title":"Sci Signal"},{"key":"10332_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3861","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.Can-23-0816","volume":"83","author":"I de Bruijn","year":"2023","unstructured":"de Bruijn, I., et al. (2023). Analysis and Visualization of Longitudinal Genomic and Clinical Data from the AACR Project GENIE Biopharma Collaborative in cBioPortal. Cancer Research, 83, 3861\u20133867. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1158\/0008-5472.Can-23-0816","journal-title":"Cancer Research"},{"key":"10332_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2018.03.035","volume":"173","author":"F Sanchez-Vega","year":"2018","unstructured":"Sanchez-Vega, F., et al. (2018). Oncogenic signaling pathways in the Cancer Genome Atlas. Cell, 173, 321-337.e310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cell.2018.03.035","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10332_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2238","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btx149","volume":"33","author":"I Bahceci","year":"2017","unstructured":"Bahceci, I., et al. (2017). Pathwaymapper: A collaborative visual web editor for cancer pathways and genomic data. Bioinformatics, 33, 2238\u20132240. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btx149","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"10332_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-022-01190-w","volume":"7","author":"ZN Lei","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lei, Z. N., et al. (2022). Signaling pathways and therapeutic interventions in gastric cancer. Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy, 7,. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41392-022-01190-w","journal-title":"Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy"},{"key":"10332_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers13174411","author":"G Roviello","year":"2021","unstructured":"Roviello, G., et al. (2021). Immune checkpoint inhibitors in urothelial bladder cancer: State of the art and future perspectives. Cancers (Basel). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cancers13174411","journal-title":"Cancers (Basel)"},{"key":"10332_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/po.17.00027","author":"J Kardos","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kardos, J., et al. (2017). Comprehensive Molecular Characterization of Urachal Adenocarcinoma Reveals Commonalities With Colorectal Cancer, Including a Hypermutable Phenotype. JCO Precis Oncol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1200\/po.17.00027","journal-title":"JCO Precis Oncol"},{"key":"10332_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/7308168","volume":"2018","author":"H Reis","year":"2018","unstructured":"Reis, H., et al. (2018). Biomarkers in urachal cancer and adenocarcinomas in the bladder: A comprehensive review supplemented by own data. Disease Markers, 2018,. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2018\/7308168","journal-title":"Disease Markers"},{"key":"10332_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prp.2023.155008","volume":"253","author":"V Mollica","year":"2024","unstructured":"Mollica, V., et al. (2024). TERT promoter mutations and the outcome of patients with advanced urothelial carcinoma treated by platinum-based chemotherapy or pembrolizumab. Pathology, Research and Practice, 253,. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.prp.2023.155008","journal-title":"Pathology, Research and Practice"},{"key":"10332_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7162","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.Can-13-2498","volume":"73","author":"I Kinde","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kinde, I., et al. (2013). TERT promoter mutations occur early in urothelial neoplasia and are biomarkers of early disease and disease recurrence in urine. Cancer Research, 73, 7162\u20137167. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1158\/0008-5472.Can-13-2498","journal-title":"Cancer Research"},{"key":"10332_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4685","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.Ccr-21-0327","volume":"27","author":"L Marcus","year":"2021","unstructured":"Marcus, L., et al. (2021). FDA approval summary: Pembrolizumab for the treatment of tumor mutational burden-high solid tumors. Clinical Cancer Research, 27, 4685\u20134689. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1158\/1078-0432.Ccr-21-0327","journal-title":"Clinical Cancer Research"},{"key":"10332_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3753","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.Ccr-18-4070","volume":"25","author":"L Marcus","year":"2019","unstructured":"Marcus, L., Lemery, S. J., Keegan, P., & Pazdur, R. (2019). FDA approval summary: Pembrolizumab for the treatment of microsatellite instability-high solid tumors. Clinical Cancer Research, 25, 3753\u20133758. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1158\/1078-0432.Ccr-18-4070","journal-title":"Clinical Cancer Research"},{"key":"10332_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e656","DOI":"10.3747\/co.27.6437","volume":"27","author":"J Huang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Huang, J., & Teng, X. (2020). Expression of PD-L1 for predicting response to immune checkpoint inhibitors in metastatic urothelial carcinoma: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Current Oncology, 27, e656\u2013e663. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3747\/co.27.6437","journal-title":"Current Oncology"},{"key":"10332_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13045-019-0738-1","volume":"12","author":"P Zhao","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zhao, P., Li, L., Jiang, X., & Li, Q. (2019). Mismatch repair deficiency\/microsatellite instability-high as a predictor for anti-PD-1\/PD-L1 immunotherapy efficacy. Journal of Hematology & Oncology, 12,. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13045-019-0738-1","journal-title":"Journal of Hematology & Oncology"},{"key":"10332_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2018.11.007","volume":"106","author":"M Eckstein","year":"2019","unstructured":"Eckstein, M., et al. (2019). Performance of the Food and Drug Administration\/EMA-approved programmed cell death ligand-1 assays in urothelial carcinoma with emphasis on therapy stratification for first-line use of atezolizumab and pembrolizumab. European Journal of Cancer, 106, 234\u2013243. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejca.2018.11.007","journal-title":"European Journal of Cancer"},{"key":"10332_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers14010109","author":"F Yang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yang, F., Wang, J. F., Wang, Y., Liu, B., & Molina, J. R. (2021). Comparative analysis of predictive biomarkers for PD-1\/PD-L1 inhibitors in cancers: Developments and challenges. Cancers (Basel). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cancers14010109","journal-title":"Cancers (Basel)"},{"key":"10332_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1461","DOI":"10.1038\/onc.2016.304","volume":"36","author":"T Zhan","year":"2017","unstructured":"Zhan, T., Rindtorff, N., & Boutros, M. (2017). Wnt signaling in cancer. Oncogene, 36, 1461\u20131473. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/onc.2016.304","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"10332_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1002\/(sici)1097-0215(19990812)82:4<504::aid-ijc6>3.0.co;2-6","volume":"82","author":"TJ Hugh","year":"1999","unstructured":"Hugh, T. J., et al. (1999). beta-catenin expression in primary and metastatic colorectal carcinoma. International Journal of Cancer, 82, 504\u2013511. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/(sici)1097-0215(19990812)82:4%3c504::aid-ijc6>3.0.co;2-6","journal-title":"International Journal of Cancer"},{"key":"10332_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12943-018-0782-4","volume":"17","author":"Z Du","year":"2018","unstructured":"Du, Z., & Lovly, C. M. (2018). Mechanisms of receptor tyrosine kinase activation in cancer. Molecular Cancer, 17,. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12943-018-0782-4","journal-title":"Molecular Cancer"},{"key":"10332_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"985","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2017.05.016","volume":"169","author":"R Nusse","year":"2017","unstructured":"Nusse, R., & Clevers, H. (2017). Wnt\/\u03b2-catenin signaling, disease, and emerging therapeutic modalities. Cell, 169, 985\u2013999. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cell.2017.05.016","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10332_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1038\/s41580-021-00404-3","volume":"23","author":"HK Matthews","year":"2022","unstructured":"Matthews, H. K., Bertoli, C., & de Bruin, R. A. M. (2022). Cell cycle control in cancer. Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology, 23, 74\u201388. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41580-021-00404-3","journal-title":"Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology"},{"key":"10332_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2024.1412435","volume":"14","author":"GA Piazza","year":"2024","unstructured":"Piazza, G. A., Chandrasekaran, P., Maxuitenko, Y. Y., & Budhwani, K. I. (2024). Assessment of KRAS(G12C) inhibitors for colorectal cancer. Frontiers in Oncology, 14,. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fonc.2024.1412435","journal-title":"Frontiers in Oncology"},{"key":"10332_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1002\/bco2.125","volume":"3","author":"E Adib","year":"2022","unstructured":"Adib, E., et al. (2022). FGFR2\/3 genomic alterations and response to Enfortumab Vedotin in metastatic urothelial carcinoma. BJUI Compass, 3, 169\u2013172. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/bco2.125","journal-title":"BJUI Compass"},{"key":"10332_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/PO.21.00392","volume":"6","author":"N Almassi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Almassi, N., et al. (2022). Clinical and Genomic Characterization of Bladder Carcinomas With Glandular Phenotype. JCO Precision Oncology, . https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1200\/PO.21.00392","journal-title":"JCO Precision Oncology"},{"key":"10332_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a001008","volume":"2","author":"M Olivier","year":"2010","unstructured":"Olivier, M., Hollstein, M., & Hainaut, P. (2010). TP53 mutations in human cancers: Origins, consequences, and clinical use. Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology, 2,. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/cshperspect.a001008","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology"},{"key":"10332_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1038\/s41573-022-00571-8","volume":"22","author":"O Hassin","year":"2023","unstructured":"Hassin, O., & Oren, M. (2023). Drugging p53 in cancer: One protein, many targets. Nature Reviews Drug Discovery, 22, 127\u2013144. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41573-022-00571-8","journal-title":"Nature Reviews Drug Discovery"},{"key":"10332_CR82","unstructured":"(eds Sharp Merck & L. L. C. Dohme) (2020)."},{"key":"10332_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1283","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2005.066514","volume":"54","author":"A Conlin","year":"2005","unstructured":"Conlin, A., Smith, G., Carey, F. A., Wolf, C. R., & Steele, R. J. (2005). The prognostic significance of K-ras, p53, and APC mutations in colorectal carcinoma. Gut, 54, 1283\u20131286. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/gut.2005.066514","journal-title":"Gut"},{"issue":"4","key":"10332_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clgc.2016.03.013","volume":"14","author":"KP Loh","year":"2016","unstructured":"Loh, K. P., et al. (2016). Targeted therapy based on tumor genomic analyses in metastatic urachal carcinoma. Clinical Genitourinary Cancer, 14(4). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clgc.2016.03.013","journal-title":"Clinical Genitourinary Cancer"},{"key":"10332_CR85","unstructured":"EMA Recommends Granting a Conditional Marketing Authorisation for\u202fAdagrasib Following a Re-Examination Procedure, <https:\/\/www.esmo.org\/oncology-news\/ema-recommends-granting-a-conditional-marketing-authorisation-for-adagrasib-following-a-re-examination-procedure> (2023)."},{"key":"10332_CR86","unstructured":"https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/search?cond=Cancer&term=kras"},{"key":"10332_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctrv.2021.102287","volume":"100","author":"J Mullen","year":"2021","unstructured":"Mullen, J., Kato, S., Sicklick, J. K., & Kurzrock, R. (2021). Targeting ARID1A mutations in cancer. Cancer Treatment Reviews, 100,. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ctrv.2021.102287","journal-title":"Cancer Treatment Reviews"},{"key":"10332_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jitc-2019-000438","author":"R Okamura","year":"2020","unstructured":"Okamura, R., et al. (2020). ARID1A alterations function as a biomarker for longer progression-free survival after anti-PD-1\/PD-L1 immunotherapy. Journal for Immunotherapy of Cancer. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/jitc-2019-000438","journal-title":"Journal for Immunotherapy of Cancer"},{"key":"10332_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2018.04.013","volume":"427","author":"Q Luo","year":"2018","unstructured":"Luo, Q., et al. (2018). ARID1A ablation leads to multiple drug resistance in ovarian cancer via transcriptional activation of MRP2. Cancer Letters, 427, 9\u201317. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.canlet.2018.04.013","journal-title":"Cancer Letters"},{"key":"10332_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjc.6602970","volume":"94","author":"B Karakas","year":"2006","unstructured":"Karakas, B., Bachman, K. E., & Park, B. H. (2006). Mutation of the PIK3CA oncogene in human cancers. British Journal of Cancer, 94, 455\u2013459. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/sj.bjc.6602970","journal-title":"British Journal of Cancer"},{"key":"10332_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1842","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.Ccr-20-3652","volume":"27","author":"P Narayan","year":"2021","unstructured":"Narayan, P., et al. (2021). FDA approval summary: Alpelisib plus fulvestrant for patients with HR-positive, HER2-negative, PIK3CA-mutated, advanced or metastatic breast cancer. Clinical Cancer Research, 27, 1842\u20131849. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1158\/1078-0432.Ccr-20-3652","journal-title":"Clinical Cancer Research"},{"key":"10332_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"835","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.35238","volume":"130","author":"MB Nierengarten","year":"2024","unstructured":"Nierengarten, M. B. (2024). FDA approves capivasertib with fulvestrant for breast cancer. Cancer, 130, 835\u2013836. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cncr.35238","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"10332_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2021.644737","volume":"11","author":"N Fusco","year":"2021","unstructured":"Fusco, N., et al. (2021). PIK3CA mutations as a molecular target for hormone receptor-positive, HER2-negative metastatic breast cancer. Frontiers in Oncology, 11,. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fonc.2021.644737","journal-title":"Frontiers in Oncology"},{"key":"10332_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc3932","volume":"15","author":"S Lin","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lin, S., & Gregory, R. I. (2015). Microrna biogenesis pathways in cancer. Nature Reviews. Cancer, 15, 321\u2013333. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrc3932","journal-title":"Nature Reviews. Cancer"},{"key":"10332_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1384","DOI":"10.1038\/s41379-021-00776-z","volume":"34","author":"L Cheng","year":"2021","unstructured":"Cheng, L., et al. (2021). Telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) promoter mutations in primary adenocarcinoma of bladder and urothelial carcinoma with glandular differentiation: Pathogenesis and diagnostic implications. Modern Pathology, 34, 1384\u20131391. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41379-021-00776-z","journal-title":"Modern Pathology"},{"key":"10332_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1111\/pin.12594","volume":"67","author":"S Thiem","year":"2017","unstructured":"Thiem, S., et al. (2017). Telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) promoter mutations are rare in urachal cancer. Pathology International, 67, 597\u2013601. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/pin.12594","journal-title":"Pathology International"},{"key":"10332_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2023.7444","volume":"6","author":"A Zhu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhu, A., et al. (2023). Immune checkpoint inhibitors and long-term survival of patients with metastatic urothelial cancer. JAMA Network Open, 6,. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2023.7444","journal-title":"JAMA Network Open"},{"key":"10332_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1038\/s41571-023-00826-2","volume":"21","author":"R Nadal","year":"2024","unstructured":"Nadal, R., Valderrama, B. P., & Bellmunt, J. (2024). Progress in systemic therapy for advanced-stage urothelial carcinoma. Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology, 21, 8\u201327. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41571-023-00826-2","journal-title":"Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology"},{"key":"10332_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers16010131","volume":"16","author":"V Ogbuji","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ogbuji, V., et al. (2024). Current Landscape of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors for Metastatic Urothelial Carcinoma: Is There a Role for Additional T-Cell Blockade? Cancers, 16, 131.","journal-title":"Cancers"},{"key":"10332_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2019.10.026","volume":"77","author":"A Necchi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Necchi, A., et al. (2020). Updated results of PURE-01 with preliminary activity of neoadjuvant pembrolizumab in patients with muscle-invasive bladder carcinoma with variant histologies. European Urology, 77, 439\u2013446. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eururo.2019.10.026","journal-title":"European Urology"},{"key":"10332_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms222111547","author":"S Wucherpfennig","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wucherpfennig, S., et al. (2021). Evaluation of therapeutic targets in histological subtypes of bladder cancer. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms222111547","journal-title":"International Journal of Molecular Sciences"},{"key":"10332_CR102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"920","DOI":"10.1097\/pas.0000000000001264","volume":"43","author":"H Reis","year":"2019","unstructured":"Reis, H., et al. (2019). PD-L1 Expression in Urothelial Carcinoma With Predominant or Pure Variant Histology: Concordance Among 3 Commonly Used and Commercially Available Antibodies. American Journal of Surgical Pathology, 43, 920\u2013927. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/pas.0000000000001264","journal-title":"American Journal of Surgical Pathology"},{"key":"10332_CR103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1047","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2023.08.016","volume":"34","author":"JE Rosenberg","year":"2023","unstructured":"Rosenberg, J. E., et al. (2023). EV-301 long-term outcomes: 24-month findings from the phase III trial of enfortumab vedotin versus chemotherapy in patients with previously treated advanced urothelial carcinoma. Annals of Oncology, 34, 1047\u20131054. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.annonc.2023.08.016","journal-title":"Annals of Oncology"},{"key":"10332_CR104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2016.04.037","volume":"70","author":"A Collazo-Lorduy","year":"2016","unstructured":"Collazo-Lorduy, A., et al. (2016). Urachal carcinoma shares genomic alterations with colorectal carcinoma and may respond to epidermal growth factor inhibition. European Urology, 70, 771\u2013775. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eururo.2016.04.037","journal-title":"European Urology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10332_CR105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1200\/jco.23.02005","volume":"42","author":"F Meric-Bernstam","year":"2024","unstructured":"Meric-Bernstam, F., et al. (2024). Efficacy and safety of trastuzumab deruxtecan in patients with HER2-expressing solid tumors: Primary results from the DESTINY-PanTumor02 phase II trial. Journal of Clinical Oncology, 42(1), 47\u201358. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1200\/jco.23.02005","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Oncology"},{"key":"10332_CR106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4852","DOI":"10.1200\/jco.23.01361","volume":"41","author":"K Goto","year":"2023","unstructured":"Goto, K., et al. (2023). Trastuzumab deruxtecan in patients with HER2-mutant metastatic non\u2013small-cell lung cancer: Primary results from the randomized, phase II DESTINY-Lung02 trial. Journal of Clinical Oncology, 41, 4852\u20134863. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1200\/jco.23.01361","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Oncology"},{"key":"10332_CR107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ph14090836","author":"C Pr\u00edncipe","year":"2021","unstructured":"Pr\u00edncipe, C., Dion\u00edsio de Sousa, I. J., Prazeres, H., Soares, P., & Lima, R. T. (2021). LRP1B: A giant lost in cancer translation. Pharmaceuticals (Basel). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ph14090836","journal-title":"Pharmaceuticals (Basel)"},{"key":"10332_CR108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1449","DOI":"10.2147\/ott.S384293","volume":"15","author":"M Tecik","year":"2022","unstructured":"Tecik, M., & Adan, A. (2022). Therapeutic targeting of FLT3 in acute myeloid leukemia: Current status and novel approaches. OncoTargets and Therapy, 15, 1449\u20131478. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/ott.S384293","journal-title":"OncoTargets and Therapy"},{"key":"10332_CR109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers15184552","author":"Y Kumaki","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kumaki, Y., Oda, G., & Ikeda, S. (2023). Targeting MET amplification: Opportunities and obstacles in therapeutic approaches. Cancers (Basel). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cancers15184552","journal-title":"Cancers (Basel)"},{"key":"10332_CR110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1038\/s41571-020-0377-z","volume":"17","author":"R Guo","year":"2020","unstructured":"Guo, R., et al. (2020). MET-dependent solid tumours - molecular diagnosis and targeted therapy. Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology, 17, 569\u2013587. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41571-020-0377-z","journal-title":"Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology"},{"key":"10332_CR111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2403","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.Ccr-18-1341","volume":"25","author":"DS Hong","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hong, D. S., et al. (2019). Phase i study of AMG 337, a highly selective small-molecule MET inhibitor, in patients with advanced solid tumors. Clinical Cancer Research, 25, 2403\u20132413. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1158\/1078-0432.Ccr-18-1341","journal-title":"Clinical Cancer Research"}],"container-title":["Cancer and Metastasis Reviews"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10555-026-10332-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10555-026-10332-3","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10555-026-10332-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T02:28:20Z","timestamp":1777602500000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10555-026-10332-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]]},"references-count":111,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10332"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10555-026-10332-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["1573-7233"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1573-7233","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"10 December 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"21 March 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"1 May 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no potential conflicts of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflicts of interest"}}],"article-number":"26"}}