{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,18]],"date-time":"2026-05-18T10:49:05Z","timestamp":1779101345491,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,6,23]],"date-time":"2009-06-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1245715200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cardiovasc Drugs Ther"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,8]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10557-009-6178-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,6,22]],"date-time":"2009-06-22T09:19:02Z","timestamp":1245662342000},"page":"301-306","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Pharmacological Treatment of Patients with Chronic Critical Limb Ischemia: L-Propionyl-Carnitine Enhances the Short-Term Effects of PGE-1"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Glauco","family":"Milio","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giuseppina","family":"Novo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Caterina","family":"Genova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Piero","family":"Luigi Almasio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Salvatore","family":"Novo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Pinto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,6,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"6178_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1490","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.84.4.1490","volume":"84","author":"G Brevetti","year":"1991","unstructured":"Brevetti G, Angelini C, Rosa M, et al. Muscle carnitine deficiency in patients with severe peripheral vascular disease. Circulation. 1991;84:1490\u20133.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"6178_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.2165\/00002512-199812030-00006","volume":"12","author":"LR Wiseman","year":"1998","unstructured":"Wiseman LR, Brogden RN. Propionyl-L-carnitine. Drugs Aging. 1998;12:243\u20138.","journal-title":"Drugs Aging"},{"key":"6178_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1320.008","volume":"1033","author":"WR Hiatt","year":"2004","unstructured":"Hiatt WR. Carnitine and peripheral arterial disease. Amer NY Acam Sci. 2004;1033:92\u20138.","journal-title":"Amer NY Acam Sci"},{"key":"6178_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.2174\/1568006043336096","volume":"4","author":"WR Hiatt","year":"2004","unstructured":"Hiatt WR. Treatment of disability in peripheral arterial disease: new drugs. Curr Drug Target Cardiovasc Haematol Disord. 2004;4:227\u201331.","journal-title":"Curr Drug Target Cardiovasc Haematol Disord"},{"key":"6178_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1006\/phrs.2001.0863","volume":"44","author":"S Signorelli","year":"2001","unstructured":"Signorelli S, Malaponte G, Di Pino L, Di Grandi D, Pennisi G, Mazzarino MC. Effects of ischaemic stress on leukocyte activation processes in patients with chronic peripheral occlusive arterial disease: role of L-propionyl carnitine administration. Pharmacol Res. 2001;44:305\u20139.","journal-title":"Pharmacol Res"},{"key":"6178_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2006.05.023","volume":"44","author":"L Loffredo","year":"2006","unstructured":"Loffredo L, Pignatelli P, Cangemi R, et al. Imbalance between nitric oxide generation and oxidative stress in patients with peripheral arterial disease: effect of an antioxidant treatment. J Vasc Surg. 2006;44:525\u201330.","journal-title":"J Vasc Surg"},{"key":"6178_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"608","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehl533","volume":"28","author":"L Loffredo","year":"2007","unstructured":"Loffredo L, Marcoccia A, Pignatelli P, et al. Oxidative stress mediated arterial dysfunction in patients with peripheral arterial disease. Eur Heart J. 2007;28:608\u201312.","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"6178_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1618","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(99)00373-3","volume":"34","author":"G Brevetti","year":"1999","unstructured":"Brevetti G, Diehm C, Lambert D. European multicenter study on propionyl-L-carnitine in intermittent claudication. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1999;34:1618\u201324.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"6178_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1685","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.93.9.1685","volume":"93","author":"G Brevetti","year":"1996","unstructured":"Brevetti G, Di Lisa F, Perna S, et al. Carnitine-related alterations in patients with intermittent claudication: indication for a focused carnitine therapy. Circulation. 1996;93:1685\u20139.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"6178_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.eurheartj.a060155","volume":"13","author":"G Brevetti","year":"1992","unstructured":"Brevetti G, Perna S, Sabba C, et al. Superiority of L-propionylcarnitine vs L-carnitine in improving walking capacity in patients with peripheral vascular disease: an acute, intravenous, double blind, cross-over study. Eur Heart J. 1992;13:251\u20135.","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"6178_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"616","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9343(01)00704-5","volume":"110","author":"WR Hiatt","year":"2001","unstructured":"Hiatt WR, Regensteiner JG, Creager MA, et al. Propionyl-L-carnitine improves exercise performance and functional status in patients with claudication. Am J Med. 2001;110:616\u201322.","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"6178_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9149(96)00867-3","volume":"79","author":"G Brevetti","year":"1997","unstructured":"Brevetti G, Perna S, Sabba C, Martone VD, Di Iorio A, Barletta G. Effect of propionyl-L-carnitine on quality of life in intermittent claudication. Am J Cardiol. 1997;79:777\u201380.","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"6178_CR13","first-page":"187","volume":"21","author":"G Persico","year":"1995","unstructured":"Persico G, Amato B, Aprea G, Cerfolio P, Markabaoui AK. The early effects of intravenous L-propionyl carnitine on ulcerative throphic lesions of the lower limbs in arteriopathic patients: a controlled randomized study. Drug Exp Clin Res. 1995;21:187\u201398.","journal-title":"Drug Exp Clin Res"},{"key":"6178_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.2165\/00044011-200121080-00004","volume":"21","author":"S Signorelli","year":"2001","unstructured":"Signorelli S, Di Pino L, Costa MP, Digrandi D, Pennisi G, Marchese G. Efficacy of L-Propionyl Carnitine in the treatment of chronic critical limb ischemia. Clin Drug Invest. 2001;21:555\u201361.","journal-title":"Clin Drug Invest"},{"key":"6178_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.2174\/1568006043335989","volume":"4","author":"S Novo","year":"2004","unstructured":"Novo S, Coppola G, Milio G. Critical limb ischemia: definition and natural history. Curr Drug Target Cardiovasc Haematol Disord. 2004;4:219\u201325.","journal-title":"Curr Drug Target Cardiovasc Haematol Disord"},{"key":"6178_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2362.1988.tb01266.x","volume":"18","author":"T Simmet","year":"1988","unstructured":"Simmet T, Peskar BA. Prostaglandin E1 and arterial occlusive disease: pharmacological consideration. Eur J Clin Invest. 1988;18:549\u201354.","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Invest"},{"key":"6178_CR17","first-page":"311","volume":"51","author":"G Milio","year":"2003","unstructured":"Milio G, Cospite V, Cospite M. Effects of PGE-1 in patients suffering from arterial occlusive disease. Min Cardioang. 2003;51:311\u20136.","journal-title":"Min Cardioang"},{"key":"6178_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2005.03.040","volume":"42","author":"G Milio","year":"2005","unstructured":"Milio G, Min\u00e0 C, Cospite V, Almasio PL, Novo S. Efficacy of the treatment with Prostaglandin E-1 in venous ulcers of the lower limbs. J Vasc Surg. 2005;42:304\u20138.","journal-title":"J Vasc Surg"},{"key":"6178_CR19","first-page":"156","volume":"II","author":"H Sinzinger","year":"1987","unstructured":"Sinzinger H, Fitscha P, Wagner O, Kaliman J, Rogatti W. Prostaglandin E1 decreases activation of arterial smooth muscle cells. Lancet. 1987;II:156\u20137.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"6178_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1097\/00005344-200302000-00014","volume":"41","author":"S Marchesi","year":"2003","unstructured":"Marchesi S, Pasqualini L, Lombardini R, et al. Prostaglandin E1 improves endothelial function in critical limb ischemia. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol. 2003;41:249\u201353.","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Pharmacol"},{"key":"6178_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1067\/mhj.2003.145","volume":"145","author":"K Matsui","year":"2003","unstructured":"Matsui K, Ikeda U, Muratami Y, Yoshiota T, Shimada K. Intravenous prostaglandin E1 reduces monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 levels in peripheral arterial obstructive disease. Am Heart J. 2003;145:330\u20133.","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"6178_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1067\/mhj.2003.138","volume":"145","author":"B Palumbo","year":"2003","unstructured":"Palumbo B, Oguocho A, Sinzinger H. Prostaglandin E1 temporarily decreases adhesion molecules. Am Heart J. 2003;145:12\u20133.","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"6178_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0741-5214(00)81002-2","volume":"31","author":"JA Dormandy","year":"2000","unstructured":"Dormandy JA, Rutherford RB. TransAtlantic inter-Society Consensus (TASC). Management of peripheral arterial disease. J Vasc Surg. 2000;31:S1\u2013296.","journal-title":"J Vasc Surg"},{"key":"6178_CR24","first-page":"71","volume":"51","author":"D Lapi","year":"2003","unstructured":"Lapi D, Cimini V, Bruno L, et al. Effect of L-Propionyl-carnitine on molecules of adhesion during ischemia-reperfusion. Min Cardioangiol. 2003;51:71\u20133.","journal-title":"Min Cardioangiol"},{"key":"6178_CR25","first-page":"74","volume":"51","author":"GM Andreozzi","year":"2003","unstructured":"Andreozzi GM, Martini R, Cordova RM, D\u2019Eri A. Ischemia-reperfusion and cytoprotection by L-Propionyl-Carnitine in man. Min Cardioangiol. 2003;51:74\u20135.","journal-title":"Min Cardioangiol"},{"key":"6178_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-9861(92)90589-O","volume":"296","author":"AZ Reznick","year":"1992","unstructured":"Reznick AZ, Kagan VE, Ramsey R, et al. Antiradical effects in L-propionylcarnitine protection of the heart against ischaemia-reperfusion injury: the possible role of iron chelation. Arch Biochem Biophys. 1992;296:394\u2013401.","journal-title":"Arch Biochem Biophys"},{"key":"6178_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1987","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.285.15.1987","volume":"285","author":"D Moher","year":"2001","unstructured":"Moher D, Schulz KF, Altman DG, for the CONSORT group. The CONSORT statement: revisede recommendation for improving the quality of reports of parallel group randomized trials. JAMA. 2001;285:1987\u201391.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"6178_CR28","first-page":"39","volume":"3","author":"S Sakaguchi","year":"1983","unstructured":"Sakaguchi S. Prostaglandin E 1 intrarterial infusion therapic in patients with ischemic ulcer of the extremities. Int Angiol. 1983;3:39\u201342.","journal-title":"Int Angiol"},{"key":"6178_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1016\/S0950-821X(05)80784-4","volume":"4","author":"L Nogren","year":"1990","unstructured":"Nogren L, Alwmark A, Angkvist KA, Hedberg B, Bergqvist D, Takolander R. A stable prostacyclin analog (iloprost) in the treatment of ischemic ulcers of the lower limb. A Scandinavian-Polish placebo controlled, randomized multicenter study. Eur J Vasc Surg. 1990;4:463\u20137.","journal-title":"Eur J Vasc Surg"},{"key":"6178_CR30","first-page":"58","volume":"22","author":"G Bandiera","year":"2003","unstructured":"Bandiera G, Forletta M, Di Paola FM, Cirielli C. PGE-1 short term therapy in critical lower limb ischemia. Int Angiol. 2003;22:58\u201363.","journal-title":"Int Angiol"},{"key":"6178_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1007793321780","volume":"11","author":"S Makita","year":"1997","unstructured":"Makita S, Nakamura M, Ohhira A, Itoh S, Hiramori K. Effects of prostaglandin E1 perfusion on limb haemodynamics and vasodilatory response in patients with arteriosclerosis obliterans. Cardiovasc Drug Ther. 1997;11:441\u20138.","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Drug Ther"},{"key":"6178_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/S0753-3322(03)00026-X","volume":"57","author":"MR Mehrabi","year":"2003","unstructured":"Mehrabi MR, Serbecic N, Tamaddon F, et al. Clinical benefit of prostaglandin E1 treatment of patients with ischemic heart disease: stimulation of therapeutic angiogenesis in vital and infracted myocardium. Biomed Pharmacother. 2003;57:173\u20138.","journal-title":"Biomed Pharmacother"},{"key":"6178_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.2174\/1568006043336212","volume":"4","author":"F Violi","year":"2004","unstructured":"Violi F, Loffredo L, Marcoccia A. Antioxidants in peripheral arterial disease. Curr Drug Target Cardiovasc Haematol Disord. 2004;4:461\u20135.","journal-title":"Curr Drug Target Cardiovasc Haematol Disord"},{"key":"6178_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1628","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1538-7836.2005.01368.x","volume":"3","author":"BL Bendermacher","year":"2005","unstructured":"Bendermacher BL, Willigendael EM, Teijink JA, Prins MH. Medical management of peripheral arterial disease. J Thromb Haemost. 2005;3:1628\u201337.","journal-title":"J Thromb Haemost"}],"container-title":["Cardiovascular Drugs and Therapy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10557-009-6178-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10557-009-6178-3\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10557-009-6178-3","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,30]],"date-time":"2019-05-30T17:28:05Z","timestamp":1559237285000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10557-009-6178-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,6,23]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,8]]}},"alternative-id":["6178"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10557-009-6178-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["0920-3206","1573-7241"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0920-3206","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-7241","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,6,23]]}}}