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Patients with exposure to both DPP4I and SGLT2I therapy, without complete demographics or mortality data, or who had prior atrial fibrillation (AF) were excluded. The study outcomes were new-onset AF, stroke\/transient ischemic attack, cardiovascular mortality and all-cause mortality. Propensity score matching (1:1 ratio) between SGLT2I and DPP4I users was performed.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The unmatched study cohort included \ufeff21,713 SGLT2I users and 39,510 DPP4I users (total: <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200961,233 patients; 55.37% males, median age: 62.7\u00a0years [interquartile range (IQR): 54.6\u201371.9\u00a0years]). Over a median follow-up of 2030 (IQR: 1912\u20132117) days, 2496 patients (incidence rate [IR]: 4.07%) developed new-onset AF, 2179 patients (IR: 3.55%) developed stroke\/transient ischemic attack, 1963 (IR: 3.20%) died from cardiovascular causes and 6607 patients (IR: 10.79%) suffered from all-cause mortality. After propensity score matching (SGLT2I: <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200921,713; DPP4I: <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200921,713), SGLT2I users showed lower incidence of new-onset AF (1.96% vs. 2.78%, standardized mean difference [SMD]\u2009=\u20090.05), stroke (1.80% vs. 3.52%, SMD\u2009=\u20090.11), cardiovascular mortality (0.47% vs. 1.56%, SMD\u2009=\u20090.11) and all-cause mortality (2.59% vs. 7.47%, SMD\u2009=\u20090.22) compared to DPP4I users. Cox regression found that SGLT2I users showed lower risk of new-onset AF (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.68, 95% confidence interval [CI]: [0.56, 0.83], <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.0001), stroke (HR: 0.64, 95% CI: [0.53, 0.79], <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.0001), cardiovascular mortality (HR: 0.39, 95% CI: [0.27, 0.56], <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.0001) and all-cause mortality (HR: 0.44, 95% CI: [0.37, 0.51], <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.0001) after adjusting for significant demographics, past comorbidities, medications and laboratory tests.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Based on real-world data of type 2 diabetic patients in Hong Kong, SGLT2I use was associated with lower risk of incident AF, stroke\/transient ischemic attack, and cardiovascular and all-cause mortality outcomes compared to DPP4I use.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10557-022-07319-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,10]],"date-time":"2022-02-10T06:03:43Z","timestamp":1644473023000},"page":"561-569","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":45,"title":["Comparison of Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibitor and Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitor on the Risks of New-Onset Atrial Fibrillation, Stroke and Mortality in Diabetic Patients: A Propensity Score-Matched Study in Hong Kong"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"Sharen","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiandong","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keith Sai Kit","family":"Leung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abraham Ka Chung","family":"Wai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kamalan","family":"Jeevaratnam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emma","family":"King","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tong","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wing Tak","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlin","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ian Chi Kei","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bernard Man Yung","family":"Cheung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5510-1253","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gary","family":"Tse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qingpeng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,10]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"7319_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(19)30405-X","volume":"8","author":"TT van Sloten","year":"2020","unstructured":"van Sloten TT, Sedaghat S, Carnethon MR, Launer LJ, Stehouwer CDA. 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