{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T00:19:02Z","timestamp":1789604342469,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,31]],"date-time":"2022-03-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1648684800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,31]],"date-time":"2022-03-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1648684800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006988","name":"John S. Dunn Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006988","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012818","name":"Comunidad de Madrid","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["B2017\/BMD-3738"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["B2017\/BMD-3738"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012818","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cardiovasc Drugs Ther"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10557-022-07334-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,31]],"date-time":"2022-03-31T08:04:41Z","timestamp":1648713881000},"page":"1205-1223","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["An Updated Review on the Role of Non-dihydropyridine Calcium Channel Blockers and Beta-blockers in Atrial Fibrillation and Acute Decompensated Heart Failure: Evidence and Gaps"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"37","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4476-7994","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeffrey","family":"Triska","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan","family":"Tamargo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Biykem","family":"Bozkurt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Uri","family":"Elkayam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Addison","family":"Taylor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yochai","family":"Birnbaum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,31]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"7334_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(91)90059-T","volume":"67","author":"HZ Friedman","year":"1991","unstructured":"Friedman HZ, Goldberg SF, Bonema JD, Cragg DR, Hauser AM. Acute complications associated with new-onset atrial fibrillation. Am J Cardiol. 1991;67(5):437\u20139.","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"7334_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehaa612","volume":"42","author":"G Hindricks","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hindricks G, Potpara T, Dagres N, et al. 2020 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of atrial fibrillation developed in collaboration with the European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (EACTS): The Task Force for the diagnosis and management of atrial fibrillation of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) Developed with the special contribution of the European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA) of the ESC. Eur Heart J. 2021;42(5):373\u2013498.","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"issue":"21","key":"7334_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2014.03.022","volume":"64","author":"CT January","year":"2014","unstructured":"January CT, Wann LS, Alpert JS, et al. 2014 AHA\/ACC\/HRS guideline for the management of patients with atrial fibrillation: a report of the American College of Cardiology\/American Heart Association Task Force on practice guidelines and the Heart Rhythm Society. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2014;64(21):e1-76.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"36","key":"7334_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3599","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehab368","volume":"42","author":"TA McDonagh","year":"2021","unstructured":"McDonagh TA, Metra M, Adamo M, et al. 2021 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure. Eur Heart J. 2021;42(36):3599\u2013726.","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"issue":"11","key":"7334_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acem.12016","volume":"19","author":"C Rogenstein","year":"2012","unstructured":"Rogenstein C, Kelly AM, Mason S, et al. An international view of how recent-onset atrial fibrillation is treated in the emergency department. Acad Emerg Med. 2012;19(11): 125560.","journal-title":"Acad Emerg Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"7334_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"710","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8159.2005.00143.x","volume":"28","author":"A Khasnis","year":"2005","unstructured":"Khasnis A, Jongnarangsin K, Abela G, et al. Tachycardia-induced cardiomyopathy: a review of literature. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol. 2005;28(7):710\u201321.","journal-title":"Pacing Clin Electrophysiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"7334_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1097\/FJC.0b013e31816d5f49","volume":"52","author":"DG Wyse","year":"2008","unstructured":"Wyse DG. Therapeutic considerations in applying rate control therapy for atrial fibrillation. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol. 2008;52(1):11\u20137.","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Pharmacol"},{"issue":"19","key":"7334_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1747","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2009.05.015","volume":"54","author":"F Triposkiadis","year":"2009","unstructured":"Triposkiadis F, Karayannis G, Giamouzis G, et al. The sympathetic nervous system in heart failure physiology, pathophysiology, and clinical implications. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2009;54(19):1747\u201362.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"7334_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1552-4604.1995.tb04051.x","volume":"35","author":"MR Weir","year":"1995","unstructured":"Weir MR. Diltiazem: ten years of clinical experience in the treatment of hypertension. J Clin Pharmacol. 1995;35(3):220\u201332.","journal-title":"J Clin Pharmacol"},{"issue":"4","key":"7334_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"917","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(81)90194-6","volume":"47","author":"CY Chew","year":"1981","unstructured":"Chew CY, Hecht HS, Collett JT, McAllister RG, Singh BN. Influence of severity of ventricular dysfunction on hemodynamic responses to intravenously administered verapamil in ischemic heart disease. Am J Cardiol. 1981;47(4):917\u201322.","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"issue":"25","key":"7334_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3958","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.590091","volume":"112","author":"M Gheorghiade","year":"2005","unstructured":"Gheorghiade M, Zannad F, Sopko G, et al. Acute heart failure syndromes: current state and framework for future research. Circulation. 2005;112(25):3958\u201368.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"6","key":"7334_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"936","DOI":"10.1253\/circj.71.936","volume":"71","author":"T Fujino","year":"2007","unstructured":"Fujino T, Yamashita T, Suzuki S, et al. Characteristics of congestive heart failure accompanied by atrial fibrillation with special reference to tachycardia-induced cardiomyopathy. Circ J. 2007;71(6):936\u201340.","journal-title":"Circ J"},{"key":"7334_CR13","unstructured":"Ferlinz J, Gallo CT. Responses of patients in heart failure to long-term oral verapamil administration (abstract). Circulation 1984;70(suppl II):II\u2013305."},{"key":"7334_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"The Danish Study Group on Verapamil in Myocardial Infarction. The Danish studies on verapamil in acute myocardial infarction. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 1986;21(Suppl 2):197S\u2013204S.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2125.1986.tb02871.x"},{"issue":"Suppl 6","key":"7334_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S20","DOI":"10.1097\/00005344-199100001-00005","volume":"18","author":"JF Hansen","year":"1991","unstructured":"Hansen JF. Treatment with verapamil during and after an acute myocardial infarction: a review based on the Danish Verapamil Infarction Trials I and II. The Danish Study Group on Verapamil in Myocardial Infarction. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol. 1991;18(Suppl 6):S20-5.","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Pharmacol."},{"key":"7334_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hansen JF, Hagerup L, Sigurd B, Pedersen F, Mellemgaard K, Pedersen-Bjergaard O. Treatment with verapamil and trandolapril in patients with congestive heart failure and myocardial infarction. The Danish Verapamil Infarction Trial (DAVIT Study Group). J Hypertens Suppl. 1997;15(2):S119\u201322.","DOI":"10.1097\/00004872-199715022-00012"},{"issue":"7","key":"7334_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198808183190701","volume":"319","author":"The Multicenter Diltiazem Postinfarction Trial Research Group","year":"1988","unstructured":"The Multicenter Diltiazem Postinfarction Trial Research Group. The effect of diltiazem on mortality and reinfarction after myocardial infarction, MDPIT. N Engl J Med. 1988;319(7):385\u201392.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"7334_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"The Danish Study Group on Verapamil in Myocardial Infarction. Effect of verapamil on mortality and major events after acute myocardial infarction (the Danish Verapamil Infarction Trial II--DAVIT II). Am J Cardiol. 1990;66(10):779\u201385.","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(90)90351-Z"},{"key":"7334_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Figulla HR, Gietzen F, Zeymer U, Raiber M, Hegselmann J, Soballa R, Hilgers R. Diltiazem improves cardiac function and exercise capacity in patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. Results of the Diltiazem in Dilated Cardiomyopathy Trial. Circulation. 1996;94(3):346\u201352.","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.94.3.346"},{"key":"7334_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Packer, Bristow MR, Cohn JN et al. The effect of carvedilol on morbidity and mortality in patients with chronic heart failure. U.S. Carvedilol Heart Failure Study Group. N Engl J Med. 1996;334(21):1349\u201355.","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199605233342101"},{"issue":"9049","key":"7334_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(97)80008-6","volume":"349","author":"Australia\/New Zealand Heart Failure Research Collaborative Groupa","year":"1997","unstructured":"Australia\/New Zealand Heart Failure Research Collaborative Groupa. Randomised, placebo-controlled trial of carvedilol in patients with congestive heart failure due to ischaemic heart disease. Lancet. 1997;349(9049):375\u201380.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"7334_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"The International Steering Committee on Behalf of the MERIT-HF Study Group. Rationale, design, and organization of the Metoprolol CR\/XL Randomized Intervention Trial in Heart Failure (MERIT-HF). Am J Cardiol. 1997;80(9B):54J\u201358J.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9149(97)00841-2"},{"key":"7334_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2001","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(99)04440-2","volume":"353","author":"MERIT-HF Study Group","year":"1999","unstructured":"MERIT-HF Study Group. Effect of metoprolol CR\/XL in chronic heart failure: Metoprolol CR\/XL Randomized Intervention Trial in Congestive Heart Failure (MERIT-HF). Lancet. 1999;353:2001\u20137.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"7334_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"CIBIS Investigators and Committees. A randomized trial of beta-blockade in heart failure. The CIBIS-II Investigators and Committees. The Cardiac Insufficiency Bisoprolol Study II (CIBIS-II): a randomised trial. Lancet. 1999;353(9146):9\u201313.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(98)11181-9"},{"key":"7334_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dargie HG et al. CAPRICORN Investigators. Effect of carvedilol on outcome after myocardial infarction in patients with left-ventricular dysfunction: the CAPRICORN randomised trial. Lancet. 2001;357(9266):1385\u201390.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)04560-8"},{"key":"7334_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Packer M, Fowler MB, Roecker EB, Coats AJ, Katus HA, Krum H et al.; Carvedilol prospective randomized cumulative survival (COPERNICUS) study group. Effect of carvedilol on the morbidity of patients with severe chronic heart failure: results of the carvedilol prospective randomized cumulative survival (COPERNICUS) study. Circulation. 2002;106:2194\u20139.","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000035653.72855.BF"},{"issue":"9497","key":"7334_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1622","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)67661-1","volume":"366","author":"ZM Chen","year":"2005","unstructured":"Chen ZM, Pan HC, Chen YP. Early intravenous then oral metoprolol in 45,852 patients with acute myocardial infarction: randomised placebo-controlled trial. Lancet. 2005;366(9497):1622\u201332.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"1","key":"7334_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1016\/0735-1097(90)90461-W","volume":"16","author":"T Lundstr\u00f6m","year":"1990","unstructured":"Lundstr\u00f6m T, Ryd\u00e9n L. Ventricular rate control and exercise performance in chronic atrial fibrillation: effects of diltiazem and verapamil. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1990;16(1):86\u201390.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"8","key":"7334_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/eht429","volume":"35","author":"SR Ulimoen","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ulimoen SR, Enger S, Pripp AH, et al. Calcium channel blockers improve exercise capacity and reduce N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide levels compared with beta-blockers in patients with permanent atrial fibrillation. Eur Heart J. 2014;35(8):517\u201324.","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"issue":"3","key":"7334_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/euab191","volume":"24","author":"T Koldenhof","year":"2022","unstructured":"Koldenhof T, Wijtvliet PEPJ, Pluymaekers NAHA, Rienstra M, Folkeringa RJ, Bronzwaer P, Elvan A, Elders J, Tukkie R, Luermans JGLM, van Kuijk SMJ, Tijssen JGP, van Gelder IC, Crijns HJGM, Tieleman RG. Rate control drugs differ in the prevention of progression of atrial fibrillation. Europace. 2022;24(3):384\u20139.","journal-title":"Europace."},{"issue":"9","key":"7334_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"884","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(94)90580-0","volume":"74","author":"IF Goldenberg","year":"1994","unstructured":"Goldenberg IF, Lewis WR, Dias VC, Heywood JT, Pedersen WR. Intravenous diltiazem for the treatment of patients with atrial fibrillation or flutter and moderate to severe congestive heart failure. Am J Cardiol. 1994;74(9):884\u20139.","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"7334_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1238","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1875-9114.1997.tb03087.x","volume":"17","author":"BG Phillips","year":"1997","unstructured":"Phillips BG, Gandhi AJ, Sanoski CA, Just VL, Bauman JL. Comparison of intravenous diltiazem and verapamil for the acute treatment of atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter. Pharmacotherapy. 1997;17(6):1238\u201345.","journal-title":"Pharmacotherapy"},{"issue":"6","key":"7334_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1136\/emj.2003.012047","volume":"22","author":"C Demircan","year":"2005","unstructured":"Demircan C, Cikriklar HI, Engindeniz Z, et al. Comparison of the effectiveness of intravenous diltiazem and metoprolol in the management of rapid ventricular rate in atrial fibrillation. Emerg Med J. 2005;22(6):411\u20134.","journal-title":"Emerg Med J"},{"issue":"3","key":"7334_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1111\/acem.12091","volume":"20","author":"FX Scheuermeyer","year":"2013","unstructured":"Scheuermeyer FX, Grafstein E, Stenstrom R, et al. Safety and efficiency of calcium channel blockers versus beta-blockers for rate control in patients with atrial fibrillation and no acute underlying medical illness. Acad Emerg Med. 2013;20(3):222\u201330.","journal-title":"Acad Emerg Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"7334_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cardfail.2014.06.117","volume":"20","author":"F Katchi","year":"2014","unstructured":"Katchi F, Nagaband S, Shuster J, Novak E, Joseph S. Treating rapid atrial fibrillation in acute decompensated heart failure: metoprolol and diltiazem are equally safe, yet metoprolol increases conversion to sinus rhythm. J Card Fail. 2014;20(8):S41.","journal-title":"J Card Fail"},{"issue":"2","key":"7334_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2015.01.014","volume":"49","author":"C Fromm","year":"2015","unstructured":"Fromm C, Suau SJ, Cohen V, et al. Diltiazem vs. metoprolol in the management of atrial fibrillation or flutter with rapid ventricular rate in the emergency department. J Emerg Med. 2015;49(2):175\u201382.","journal-title":"J Emerg Med."},{"issue":"24","key":"7334_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2068","DOI":"10.2146\/ajhp160126","volume":"73","author":"MC Hines","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hines MC, Reed BN, Ivaturi V, Bontempo LJ, Bond MC, Hayes BD. Diltiazem versus metoprolol for rate control in atrial fibrillation with rapid ventricular response in the emergency department. Am J Health Syst Pharm. 2016;73(24):2068\u201376.","journal-title":"Am J Health Syst Pharm"},{"issue":"6","key":"7334_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1007\/s40261-018-0631-7","volume":"38","author":"MB Jandali","year":"2018","unstructured":"Jandali MB. Safety of intravenous diltiazem in reduced ejection fraction heart failure with rapid atrial fibrillation. Clin Drug Investig. 2018;38(6):503\u20138.","journal-title":"Clin Drug Investig"},{"key":"7334_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2018.04.062","volume":"37","author":"R Hirschy","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hirschy R, Ackerbauer KA, Peksa GD, O\u2019Donnell EP, DeMott JM. Metoprolol vs. diltiazem in the acute management of atrial fibrillation in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. Am J Emerg Med. 2019;37:80\u20134.","journal-title":"Am J Emerg Med."},{"issue":"12","key":"7334_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3721","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-020-06051-2","volume":"35","author":"FA Rajput","year":"2020","unstructured":"Rajput FA, Du L, Chappell RJ, Berei TJ, Goldberger ZD, Wright JM. Comparative efficacy and safety of intravenous verapamil and diltiazem for rate control in rapidly conducted atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter. J Gen Intern Med. 2020;35(12):3721\u20133.","journal-title":"J Gen Intern Med"},{"key":"7334_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2020.11.073","volume":"40","author":"KL Hargrove","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hargrove KL, Robinson EE, Lusk KA, Hughes DW, Neff LA, Fowler AL. Comparison of sustained rate control in atrial fibrillation with rapid ventricular rate: metoprolol vs. diltiazem. Am J Emerg Med. 2021;40:15\u20139.","journal-title":"Am J Emerg Med."},{"issue":"12","key":"7334_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"981","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(90)90937-V","volume":"66","author":"JF Setaro","year":"1990","unstructured":"Setaro JF, Zaret BL, Schulman DS, Black HR, Soufer R. Usefulness of verapamil for congestive heart failure associated with abnormal left ventricular diastolic filling and normal left ventricular systolic performance. Am J Cardiol. 1990;66(12):981\u20136.","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"7334_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1007755332133","volume":"13","author":"E Natale","year":"1999","unstructured":"Natale E, Tubaro M, Di Marcotullio G, Celli P, Carelli M, Malinconico U, et al. The effect of verapamil on left ventricular remodelling and diastolic function after acute myocardial infarction (the Verapamil Infarction Study on Remodelling and Relaxation\u2013VISOR). Cardiovasc Drugs Ther. 1999;13(4):315\u201324.","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Drugs Ther"},{"key":"7334_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hung MJ, Cherng WJ, Kuo LT, Wang CH. Effect of verapamil in elderly patients with left ventricular diastolic dysfunction as a cause of congestive heart failure. Int J Clin Pract. 2002;56(1):57\u201362. 60.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1742-1241.2002.tb11193.x"},{"key":"7334_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Flather MD, Shibata MC, Coats AJS, Van Veldhuisen DJ, Parkhomenko A, Borbola et al. SENIORS Investigators. Randomized trial to determine the effect of nebivolol on mortality and cardiovascular hospital admission in elderly patients with heart failure (SENIORS). Eur Heart J. 2005;26(3):215\u201325.","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehi115"},{"key":"7334_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"van Veldhuisen DJ, Cohen-Solal A, B\u00f6hm M, Anker SD, Babalis D, Roughton M et al. SENIORS Investigators. Beta-blockade with nebivolol in elderly heart failure patients with impaired and preserved left ventricular ejection fraction: Data From SENIORS (Study of Effects of Nebivolol Intervention on Outcomes and Rehospitalization in Seniors With Heart Failure). J Am Coll Cardiol. 2009;53(23):2150\u20138.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2009.02.046"},{"issue":"21","key":"7334_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2042","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.08.073","volume":"78","author":"P Palau","year":"2021","unstructured":"Palau P, Seller J, Dom\u00ednguez E, Sastre C, Ram\u00f3n JM, de La Espriella R, et al. Effect of \u03b2-blocker withdrawal on functional capacity in heart failure and preserved ejection fraction. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2021;78(21):2042\u201356.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"7334_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.83.1.52","volume":"83","author":"RE Goldstein","year":"1991","unstructured":"Goldstein RE, Boccuzzi SJ, Cruess D, Nattel S. Diltiazem increases late-onset congestive heart failure in postinfarction patients with early reduction in ejection fraction. The Adverse Experience Committee; and the Multicenter Diltiazem Postinfarction Research Group. Circulation. 1991;83(1):52\u201360.","journal-title":"Circulation."},{"issue":"6","key":"7334_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"892","DOI":"10.1097\/00005344-199006000-00006","volume":"15","author":"RH Schwinger","year":"1990","unstructured":"Schwinger RH, B\u00f6hm M, Erdmann E. Negative inotropic properties of isradipine, nifedipine, diltiazem, and verapamil in diseased human myocardial tissue. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol. 1990;15(6):892\u20139.","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Pharmacol"},{"issue":"2","key":"7334_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.69.2.382","volume":"69","author":"J Urquhart","year":"1984","unstructured":"Urquhart J, Patterson RE, Bacharach SL, et al. Comparative effects of verapamil, diltiazem, and nifedipine on hemodynamics and left ventricular function during acute myocardial ischemia in dogs. Circulation. 1984;69(2):382\u201390.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"3","key":"7334_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198007173030316","volume":"303","author":"HO Klein","year":"1980","unstructured":"Klein HO, Lang R, Di Segni E, Kaplinsky E. Verapamil-digoxin interaction. N Engl J Med. 1980;303(3):160.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"7334_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1393","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(85)90511-9","volume":"55","author":"U Elkayam","year":"1985","unstructured":"Elkayam U, Parikh K, Torkan B, Weber L, Cohen JL, Rahimtoola SH. Effect of diltiazem on renal clearance and serum concentration of digoxin in patients with cardiac disease. Am J Cardiol. 1985;55(11):1393\u20135.","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"issue":"14","key":"7334_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2088","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1988.03410140100032","volume":"260","author":"S Yusuf","year":"1988","unstructured":"Yusuf S, Wittes J, Friedman L. Overview of results of randomized clinical trials in heart disease. I. Treatments following myocardial infarction. JAMA. 1988;260(14):2088\u201393.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"16","key":"7334_CR54","first-page":"240","volume":"128","author":"CW Yancy","year":"2013","unstructured":"Yancy CW, Jessup M, Bozkurt B, et al. 2013 ACCF\/AHA guideline for the management of heart failure: a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation\/American Heart Association Task Force on practice guidelines. Circulation. 2013;128(16):240\u2013327.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"9961","key":"7334_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2235","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)61373-8","volume":"384","author":"D Kotecha","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kotecha D, Holmes J, Krum H, et al. Efficacy of \u03b2 blockers in patients with heart failure plus atrial fibrillation: an individual-patient data meta-analysis. Lancet. 2014;384(9961):2235.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"1","key":"7334_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchf.2012.09.002","volume":"1","author":"M Rienstra","year":"2013","unstructured":"Rienstra M, Damman K, Mulder BA, Van Gelder IC, McMurray JJV, Veldhuisen DJV. Beta-blockers and outcome in heart failure and atrial fibrillation: a meta-analysis. JACC Heart Fail. 2013;1(1):21\u20138.","journal-title":"JACC Heart Fail"},{"key":"7334_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2215","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2015.08.017","volume":"37","author":"Y Mareev","year":"2015","unstructured":"Mareev Y, Cleland JG. Should \u03b2-blockers be used in patients with heart failure and atrial fibrillation? Clin Ther. 2015;37:2215\u201324.","journal-title":"Clin Ther"},{"key":"7334_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28972900","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2017.04.049","volume":"69","author":"G Filippatos","year":"2017","unstructured":"Filippatos G, Farmakis D. How to use beta-blockers in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction and atrial fibrillation. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2017;69:28972900.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"7334_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.115.002597","volume":"9","author":"PB Nielsen","year":"2016","unstructured":"Nielsen PB, Larsen TB, Gorst-Rasmussen A, Skjoth F, Lip GY. beta-Blockers in atrial fibrillation patients with or without heart failure: association with mortality in a nationwide cohort study. Circ Heart Fail. 2016;9: e002597.","journal-title":"Circ Heart Fail"},{"issue":"13","key":"7334_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1303","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehi166","volume":"26","author":"K Swedberg","year":"2005","unstructured":"Swedberg K, Olsson LG, Charlesworth A, Cleland J, Hanrath P, Komajda M, Metra M, Torp-Pedersen C, Poole-Wilson P. Prognostic relevance of atrial fibrillation in patients with chronic heart failure on long-term treatment with beta-blockers: results from COMET. Eur Heart J. 2005;26(13):1303\u20138.","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"7334_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.10.096","volume":"203","author":"Y Chen","year":"2016","unstructured":"Chen Y, Huang W, Huang Y, Hu Y. Beta-blockers treatment in heart failure with atrial fibrillation\u2013who should we believe? Int J Cardiol. 2016;203:60\u20131.","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"7334_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199207233270405","volume":"327","author":"GA Lamas","year":"1992","unstructured":"Lamas GA, Pfeffer MA, Hamm P, Wertheimer J, Rouleau JL, Braunwald E. Do the results of randomized clinical trials of cardiovascular drugs influence medical practice? The SAVE Investigators. N Engl J Med. 1992;327(4):241\u20137.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"7334_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1598","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.119.313572","volume":"124","author":"MA Pfeffer","year":"2019","unstructured":"Pfeffer MA, Shah AM, Borlaug BA. Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction in perspective. Circ Res. 2019;124(11):1598\u2013617.","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"issue":"10","key":"7334_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1085","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.113.001475","volume":"128","author":"R Zakeri","year":"2013","unstructured":"Zakeri R, Chamberlain AM, Roger VL, Redfield MM. Temporal relationship and prognostic significance of atrial fibrillation in heart failure patients with preserved ejection fraction: a community-based study. Circulation. 2013;128(10):1085\u201393.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"12","key":"7334_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.117.003992","volume":"10","author":"T Thorvaldsen","year":"2017","unstructured":"Thorvaldsen T, Claggett BL, Shah A, Cheng S, Agarwal SK, Wruck LM, et al. Predicting risk in patients hospitalized for acute decompensated heart failure and preserved ejection fraction: the atherosclerosis risk in communities study heart failure community surveillance. Circ Heart Fail. 2017;10(12): e003992.","journal-title":"Circ Heart Fail"},{"issue":"6","key":"7334_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.4065\/mcp.2010.0841","volume":"86","author":"GO Oghlakian","year":"2011","unstructured":"Oghlakian GO, Sipahi I, Fang JC. Treatment of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: have we been pursuing the wrong paradigm? Mayo Clin Proc. 2011;86(6):531\u20139.","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"7334_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1159\/000047278","volume":"89","author":"U Elkayam","year":"1998","unstructured":"Elkayam U. Calcium channel blockers in heart failure. Cardiology. 1998;89(Suppl 1):38\u201346.","journal-title":"Cardiology"},{"issue":"2","key":"7334_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehx393","volume":"39","author":"B Ibanez","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ibanez B, James S, Agewall S, et al. 2017 ESC Guidelines for the management of acute myocardial infarction in patients presenting with ST-segment elevation: the task force for the management of acute myocardial infarction in patients presenting with ST-segment elevation of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Eur Heart J. 2018;39(2):119\u201377.","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"issue":"2","key":"7334_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(98)00593-2","volume":"33","author":"B Phibbs","year":"1999","unstructured":"Phibbs B, Marcus F, Marriott HJ, Moss A, Spodick DH. Q-wave versus non-Q wave myocardial infarction: a meaningless distinction. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1999;33(2):576\u201382.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"7334_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.2147\/CLEP.S188752","volume":"11","author":"DRT Laursen","year":"2019","unstructured":"Laursen DRT, Paludan-M\u00fcller AS, Hr\u00f3bjartsson A. Randomized clinical trials with run-in periods: frequency, characteristics and reporting. Clin Epidemiol. 2019;11:169\u201384.","journal-title":"Clin Epidemiol"}],"container-title":["Cardiovascular Drugs and Therapy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10557-022-07334-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10557-022-07334-y\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10557-022-07334-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,14]],"date-time":"2023-12-14T09:15:22Z","timestamp":1702545322000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10557-022-07334-y"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,31]]},"references-count":70,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]}},"alternative-id":["7334"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10557-022-07334-y","relation":{},"ISSN":["0920-3206","1573-7241"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0920-3206","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-7241","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,31]]},"assertion":[{"value":"24 March 2022","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"31 March 2022","order":2,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Jeffrey Triska\u2014None.Juan Tamargo\u2014None.Biykem Bozkurt\u2014In regard to beta-blockers, consulting fees from Bristol Myers Squibb, scPharmaceuticals Inc., Baxter Healthcare Corporation, Sanofi-Aventis, Relypsa, Amgen and serves on the Clinical Event Committee for <i>Haemodynamic-guided management of heart failure<\/i> (GUIDE-HF) trial sponsored by Abbott Vascular, and Data Safety Monitoring Committee of Autonomic <i>REGULATION Therapy to Enhance Myocardial Function and Reduce progression of Heart Failure with reduced ejection fraction<\/i> (ANTHEM) sponsored by Liva Nova.Uri Elkayam\u2014None.Addison Taylor\u2014None.Yochai Birnbaum\u2014Research grant from AstraZeneca for ticagrelor and dapagliflozin.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}