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Remote ischaemic conditioning (RIC) has elicited anti-inflammatory and cytoprotective benefits by reducing cytokines following sepsis in animal studies. Therefore, we investigated whether RIC would mitigate the inflammatory cytokine cascade induced by COVID-19.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>We conducted a prospective, multicentre, randomized, sham-controlled, single-blind trial in Brazil and South Africa. Non-critically ill adult patients with COVID-19 pneumonia were randomly allocated (1:1) to receive either RIC (intermittent ischaemia\/reperfusion applied through four 5-min cycles of inflation (20\u00a0mmHg above systolic blood pressure) and deflation of an automated blood-pressure cuff) or sham for approximately 15\u00a0days. Serum was collected following RIC\/sham administration and analyzed for inflammatory cytokines using flow cytometry. The endpoint was the change in serum cytokine concentrations. Participants were followed for 30\u00a0days.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Eighty randomized participants (40 RIC and 40 sham) completed the trial. Baseline characteristics according to trial intervention were overall balanced. Despite downward trajectories of all cytokines across hospitalization, we observed no substantial changes in cytokine concentrations after successive days of RIC. Time to clinical improvement was similar in both groups (HR 1.66; 95% CI, 0.938\u20132.948, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> 0.08). Overall RIC did not demonstrate a significant impact on the composite outcome of all-cause death or clinical deterioration (HR 1.19; 95% CI, 0.616\u20132.295, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.61).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>RIC did not reduce the hypercytokinaemia induced by COVID-19 or prevent clinical deterioration to critical care.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Trial Registration<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04699227.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10557-022-07411-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,29]],"date-time":"2022-11-29T10:02:57Z","timestamp":1669716177000},"page":"433-445","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Effect of Remote Ischaemic Conditioning on the Inflammatory Cytokine Cascade of COVID-19 (RIC in COVID-19): a Randomized Controlled Trial"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Kishal","family":"Lukhna","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Helison R. 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