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Our team designed a therapeutic vaccine called ADRQ\u03b2-004 targeting the \u03b11D-adrenergic receptor (\u03b11D-AR). This study was performed to investigate whether the ADRQ\u03b2-004 vaccine improves MetS by modulating SNS activity.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>C57BL\/6N mice were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) and N<jats:sup>\u03c9<\/jats:sup>-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) combination diet for 18 weeks to elicit MetS. The MetS mice were subcutaneously immunized with the ADRQ\u03b2-004 vaccine four times to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy in obesity and hypertension and other associated \ufeffabnormalities related to MetS by conducting echocardiographic, histological, and biochemical analyses.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The ADRQ\u03b2-004 vaccine induced strong antibody production and maintained a high anti-ADR-004 antibody titer in MetS mice. The ADRQ\u03b2-004 vaccine improved obesity (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001) and decreased systolic blood pressure (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001). Improvements in dysregulated glucose homeostasis and dyslipidemia resulting from the ADRQ\u03b2-004 vaccine were also confirmed. Furthermore, the ADRQ\u03b2-004 vaccine attenuated cardiovascular functional (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.015) and structural changes (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001), decreased fat accumulation (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.012) and inflammation (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.050) in the epididymal white adipose tissue, and alleviated hepatic steatosis (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.043) involved in MetS. Moreover, the ADRQ\u03b2-004 vaccine improved systematic and visceral organs SNS activities in the MetS.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>This study demonstrated for the first time that the ADRQ\u03b2-004 vaccine targeting \u03b11D-AR improved obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and dysglycemia, and further reduced end-organ damage, which may provide new motivation for MetS research.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10557-022-07418-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,19]],"date-time":"2023-01-19T08:04:35Z","timestamp":1674115475000},"page":"539-554","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Vaccine Targeting Alpha 1D-Adrenergic Receptor Improved Metabolic Syndrome in Mice"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Xin","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenrui","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanzhao","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dingyang","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenlong","family":"Kuang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiacheng","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuhua","family":"Liao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhihua","family":"Qiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3513-5020","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zihua","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"7418_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1640","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.192644","volume":"120","author":"KG Alberti","year":"2009","unstructured":"Alberti KG, Eckel RH, Grundy SM, et al. 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The protocol was approved by the Animal Care and Use Committee of Hubei Province (No.110011211101146083, 110324201101975832, and 42000600038262).","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics Approval"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to Participate"}},{"value":"The authors affirm that research participants provided informed consent for publication of this article.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for Publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests with the contents of this article.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of Interest"}}]}}