{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T00:48:00Z","timestamp":1789606080669,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,30]],"date-time":"2024-12-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735516800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,30]],"date-time":"2024-12-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735516800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cardiovasc Drugs Ther"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Hypoxemia is a risk factor for mortality and long-term neuropsychological impairment during severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VV-ECMO) is a potential treatment for such cases but may not suffice. We aimed to evaluate the effects of pharmacological interventions for cardiac output (CO) control using ivabradine or beta-blockers for refractory hypoxemia during VV-ECMO.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The study involved retrospective analysis of consecutive patients with severe ARDS who underwent VV-ECMO at a tertiary university hospital between March 2020 and May 2022. Patients with refractory hypoxemia under VV-ECMO were included. Pharmacological interventions included ivabradine and\/or short half-life beta-blockers. The primary endpoint was the change in ECMO flow\/CO ratio and secondary endpoints were changes in macrocirculation (mean arterial pressure), oxygenation [arterial saturation (SaO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      ) and oxygen transport (DO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      )] and tissue hypoxia (lactate levels).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Out of 70 patients on VV-ECMO, ten had refractory hypoxemia under VV-ECMO and received pharmacological interventions to control CO. The ECMO flow\/CO ratio significantly increased with pharmacological intervention overall (from 60% [50\u201366] to 69% [61\u201381],\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.02), as well as with beta-blockers or ivabradine individually. However, DO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      decreased, especially with beta-blockers and to some extent with ivabradine. There were no reported immediate adverse events, and lactate levels remained below the anaerobic threshold.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Ivabradine and beta-blockers were clinically well-tolerated and improved the ECMO flow\/CO ratio in patients with refractory hypoxemia during VV-ECMO. However, the improvement of arterial oxygenation was associated with decreased DO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      .\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10557-024-07650-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,30]],"date-time":"2024-12-30T12:42:30Z","timestamp":1735562550000},"page":"961-966","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Control of Cardiac Output with Ivabradine or Beta-Blockers for Refractory Hypoxemia under Veno-Venous ECMO for Severe ARDS"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"39","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5817-2257","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paul","family":"Masi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lionel","family":"Tchatat Wangueu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fran\u00e7ois","family":"Bagate","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandra","family":"Plesa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thierry","family":"Folliguet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Armand","family":"Mekontso Dessap","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"7650_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1307","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201111-2025OC","volume":"185","author":"ME Mikkelsen","year":"2012","unstructured":"Mikkelsen ME, Christie JD, Lanken PN, et al. The adult respiratory distress syndrome cognitive outcomes study: long-term neuropsychological function in survivors of acute lung injury. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2012;185:1307\u201315. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1164\/rccm.201111-2025OC.","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"7650_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1965","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1800385","volume":"378","author":"A Combes","year":"2018","unstructured":"Combes A, Hajage D, Capellier G, et al. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for severe acute respiratory distress syndrome. N Engl J Med. 2018;378:1965\u201375. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMoa1800385.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"7650_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2343","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2023.24491","volume":"330","author":"M Schmidt","year":"2023","unstructured":"Schmidt M, Hajage D, Lebreton G, et al. Prone positioning during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in patients with severe ARDS: the PRONECMO randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2023;330:2343\u201353. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.2023.24491.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"7650_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-020-06290-1","author":"A Combes","year":"2020","unstructured":"Combes A, Schmidt M, Hodgson CL, et al. Extracorporeal life support for adults with acute respiratory distress syndrome. Intensive Care Med. 2020. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00134-020-06290-1.","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"7650_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"838","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-012-2785-8","volume":"39","author":"M Schmidt","year":"2013","unstructured":"Schmidt M, Tachon G, Devilliers C, et al. Blood oxygenation and decarboxylation determinants during venovenous ECMO for respiratory failure in adults. Intensive Care Med. 2013;39:838\u201346. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00134-012-2785-8.","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"7650_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1177\/03913988231176839","volume":"46","author":"BS Kim","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kim BS, Keller SP, Dodd-o JM. A case series evaluating the effect of esmolol therapy to treat hypoxemia in COVID-19 patients on VV-ECMO. Int J Artif Organs. 2023;46:381\u20133. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/03913988231176839.","journal-title":"Int J Artif Organs"},{"key":"7650_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-023-04648-7","volume":"27","author":"DL Staudacher","year":"2023","unstructured":"Staudacher DL, Wengenmayer T, Schmidt M. Beta-blockers in refractory hypoxemia on venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: a double-edged sword. Crit Care. 2023;27:360. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13054-023-04648-7.","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"key":"7650_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2016.05.043","volume":"68","author":"YNV Reddy","year":"2016","unstructured":"Reddy YNV, Melenovsky V, Redfield MM, Nishimura RA, Borlaug BA. High-output heart failure: a 15-year experience. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2016;68:473\u201382. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jacc.2016.05.043.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"7650_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1990","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-004-2384-4","volume":"30","author":"J-L Vincent","year":"2004","unstructured":"Vincent J-L, De Backer D. Oxygen transport-the oxygen delivery controversy. 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Crit Care Med. 2014;42:1676\u201387. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/CCM.0000000000000323.","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"357","key":"7650_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2012.08.019","volume":"126","author":"EL Murphy","year":"2013","unstructured":"Murphy EL, Kwaan N, Looney MR, et al. Risk factors and outcomes in transfusion-associated circulatory overload. Am J Med. 2013;126(357):e29-38. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.amjmed.2012.08.019.","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"7650_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0112316","volume":"9","author":"M Lubnow","year":"2014","unstructured":"Lubnow M, Philipp A, Foltan M, et al. Technical complications during veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and their relevance predicting a system-exchange \u2013 retrospective analysis of 265 cases. PLoS ONE. 2014;9: e112316. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0112316.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"7650_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-020-03388-2","volume":"24","author":"B Zakhary","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zakhary B, Vercaemst L, Mason P, Antonini MV, Lorusso R, Brodie D. How I approach membrane lung dysfunction in patients receiving ECMO. Crit Care. 2020;24:671. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13054-020-03388-2.","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"key":"7650_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.4103\/aca.aca_49_21","volume":"25","author":"MO Maybauer","year":"2022","unstructured":"Maybauer MO, Koerner MM, Mihu MR, Harper MD, El Banayosy A. The ProtekDuo as double lumen return cannula in V-VP ECMO configuration: a first-in-man method description. 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Patients or their relatives received information that data abstracted from their medical charts could be used for research purposes.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics Approval"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to Participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to Publish"}},{"value":"PM reports a lecture fee from AOP pharma. All others authors have no competing interests to declare that are relevant to the content of this article.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing Interests"}}]}}