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For procurement, two time intervals\u2014a postmortem interval (PMI) of 6\u00a0h (hours) until cooling of the deceased and a maximum procurement time of tissues within 24\/36\u00a0h postmortem are mandatory. Expanding the procurement to donors with a longer PMI would be helpful e.g. to have more time to contact relatives for consent for donation. A loss of biomechanical quality of bone tissues should not be expected in the PMI until procurement, but the question of microbiological contamination remains. Therefore, samples from the iliac crest were procured under standard procurement conditions between 48 and 54\u00a0h (n\u2009=\u200914, group 1) and 72\u201378\u00a0h (n\u2009=\u20097, group 2) postmortem (pm). Samples were immediately frozen after procurement at\u2009&lt;\u2009\u2212\u200918\u00a0\u00b0C and sent to the German Institute for Tissue and Cell Replacement (DIZG) for mechanical preparation. Additionally, chloroform treatment was performed at the tissue bank of the Charit\u00e9 Berlin. After each step the samples were refrozen and sent to a contracted microbiological lab for bioburden testing according to the European Pharmacopoeia. Samples were tested after procurement, preparation, and chloroform treatment respectively. As acceptance criterion a maximum amount of 9\u2009\u00d7\u200910<jats:sup>4<\/jats:sup> colony forming units per gram (CFU\/g) tissue was defined. All samples were within the defined limit with a maximum value of 2.5\u2009\u00d7\u200910<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\u00a0CFU\/g. These values are in the range of bone tissues procured under non-strict-aseptic procurement conditions within 24 or 36\u00a0h and are within the capacity of the peracetic acid sterilization process used by several tissue banks.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10561-025-10174-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,26]],"date-time":"2025-05-26T01:04:18Z","timestamp":1748221458000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Bioburden of postmortem bone tissues with a procurement time exceeding 36\u00a0h"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1861-5738","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christian","family":"Braun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Matthias","family":"L\u00f6wel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Miriam","family":"Heuer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Axel","family":"Pru\u00df","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tino","family":"Schulz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"10174_CR1","unstructured":"Bernd H (2008) Einfluss der Leichenliegezeit auf Biomechanik und Zellzahl von humanem Perikard [Influence of the postmortem interval on the biomechanics and cell count of human pericardium]. 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Matthias Lo\u0308wel and Miriam Heuer are employees of the DIZG.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"The study has been approved by the responsible ethics committee of the Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich (21-0833).","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}}],"article-number":"27"}}