{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T12:06:51Z","timestamp":1788955611716,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,26]],"date-time":"2026-05-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779753600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,26]],"date-time":"2026-05-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779753600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012352","name":"Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012352","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cell Tissue Bank"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Hematoma presence in musculoskeletal tissues procured from cadaveric donors is traditionally considered a potential risk factor for microbiological contamination. This perception has led to the frequent exclusion of hematoma-bearing tissues from allograft use, despite limited scientific evidence supporting this practice. We conducted a prospective case\u2013control study on 234 musculoskeletal tissues retrieved from 16 cadaveric donors between September 2023 and December 2024. For each tissue, data on hematoma presence and microbiological culture results were collected. Fisher\u2019s exact test was used to assess the association between hematoma presence and microbiological positivity. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated. A secondary intra-donor analysis examined concordance of microbiological results in paired bilateral tissues. Hematomas were observed in 25 tissues (10.7%). Overall microbiological positivity was 5.1% (12\/234), with 8.0% (2\/25) in tissues with hematoma and 4.8% (10\/209) in tissues without hematoma. The difference was not statistically significant (OR 1.73; 95% CI: 0.35\u20138.48;\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.62). No bilateral concordance of positivity was observed in paired tissues, and unilateral positivity was found only in tissues without hematoma. Hematoma presence in musculoskeletal tissues from cadaveric donors does not appear to significantly increase microbiological contamination risk. These findings suggest that hematoma alone should not be considered an automatic exclusion criterion. Larger studies are needed to confirm these results and guide evidence-based updates to tissue bank policies.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10561-026-10224-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,26]],"date-time":"2026-05-26T08:43:38Z","timestamp":1779785018000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Hematomas in musculoskeletal tissue donation: do they really increase microbiological risk?"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Rossella","family":"Ravaglia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Della Valle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Puglia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacopo","family":"Menini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessandra","family":"Menon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Riccardo","family":"Compagnoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pietro Simone","family":"Randelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"10224_CR1","volume-title":"Standards for tissue banking","author":"American Association of Tissue Banks","year":"2022","unstructured":"American Association of Tissue Banks (2022) Standards for tissue banking, 14th edn. AATB, Arlington (VA)","edition":"14th edn"},{"issue":"1","key":"10224_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s10561-024-10151-2","volume":"26","author":"H Azkia","year":"2025","unstructured":"Azkia H, Harritsh\u00f8j LH, Nielsen C, Agerlin N, Jensen MG, Hillings\u00f8 JG et al (2025) A local, non-commercial tissue bank connected to an organ donor program can produce musculoskeletal allografts of uniform quality at very low costs: ten years\u2019 experience. Cell Tissue Bank 26(1):1\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10561-024-10151-2","journal-title":"Cell Tissue Bank"},{"issue":"5","key":"10224_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103585","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2023.103585","volume":"109","author":"L Charles","year":"2023","unstructured":"Charles L, Martinot P, Dartus J, Jaafar A, Riviere C, Putman S et al (2023) Should microbiological samples be taken routinely when performing revision surgery for post-surgical hematoma after hip or knee replacement? Orthop Traumatol Surg Res 109(5):103585. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.otsr.2023.103585","journal-title":"Orthop Traumatol Surg Res"},{"issue":"2A Suppl","key":"10224_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59S","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9610(05)81208-5","volume":"165","author":"IH Chaudry","year":"1993","unstructured":"Chaudry IH, Ayala A (1993) Mechanism of increased susceptibility to infection following hemorrhage. Am J Surg 165(2A Suppl):59S-67S. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0002-9610(05)81208-5","journal-title":"Am J Surg"},{"issue":"6","key":"10224_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1363","DOI":"10.1007\/s11999-008-0226-3","volume":"466","author":"EV Cheung","year":"2008","unstructured":"Cheung EV, Sperling JW, Cofield RH (2008) Infection associated with hematoma formation after shoulder arthroplasty. Clin Orthop Relat Res 466(6):1363\u20131367. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11999-008-0226-3","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"10224_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1007\/s10561-024-10134-3","volume":"25","author":"A Della Valle","year":"2024","unstructured":"Della Valle A, Martini M, Vigan\u00f2 M, Giorgino R, Belluati A, Rizzo S et al (2024) Allografts use in orthopedic surgery: trend change over the past 11 years from a regional tissue bank. Cell Tissue Bank 25(3):713\u2013720. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10561-024-10134-3","journal-title":"Cell Tissue Bank"},{"issue":"10","key":"10224_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2012.07.004","volume":"12","author":"MR Murray","year":"2012","unstructured":"Murray MR, Weistroffer JK, Schafer MF (2012) Abscess developing at the site of a hematoma following direct lateral interbody fusion: case report. Spine J 12(10):e1\u2013e4. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.spinee.2012.07.004","journal-title":"Spine J"},{"issue":"10","key":"10224_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1415","DOI":"10.3390\/biology14101415","volume":"14","author":"TS Ortas","year":"2025","unstructured":"Ortas TS, Monahan CL, Carra NE (2025) Preclinical models of donation-after-circulatory-death and donation-after-brain-death in organ transplantation research. Biology (Basel) 14(10):1415. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/biology14101415","journal-title":"Biology (Basel)"},{"issue":"1","key":"10224_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1007\/s10561-025-10182-3","volume":"26","author":"F Puglia","year":"2025","unstructured":"Puglia F, Della Valle A, Compagnoni R, Priano D, Menon A, Teani L et al (2025) Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the operations of one regional musculoskeletal tissue bank. Cell Tissue Bank 26(1):45\u201356. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10561-025-10182-3","journal-title":"Cell Tissue Bank"},{"issue":"1","key":"10224_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-020-01963-4","volume":"20","author":"S Rogani","year":"2020","unstructured":"Rogani S, Calsolaro V, Franchi R, Calabrese AM, Okoye C, Monzani F (2020) Spontaneous muscle hematoma in older patients with COVID-19: two case reports and literature review. BMC Geriatr 20(1):539. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12877-020-01963-4","journal-title":"BMC Geriatr"},{"key":"10224_CR11","first-page":"48","volume":"L102","author":"E Union","year":"2004","unstructured":"Union E (2004) Directive 2004\/23\/EC of the European Parliament and of the council of 31 March 2004 on setting standards of quality and safety for the donation, procurement, testing, processing, preservation, storage and distribution of human tissues and cells. Off J Eur Union L102:48\u201358","journal-title":"Off J Eur Union"},{"issue":"3","key":"10224_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2019.02.005","volume":"102","author":"JM Vi\u00f1uela-Prieto","year":"2019","unstructured":"Vi\u00f1uela-Prieto JM, Soria-Garc\u00eda AM, Gonz\u00e1lez-Romero M, Candel FJ (2019) Bacterial contamination rate and associated factors during bone and tendon allograft procurement from Spanish donors: exploring the contamination patterns. J Hosp Infect 102(3):287\u2013294. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhin.2019.02.005","journal-title":"J Hosp Infect"}],"container-title":["Cell and Tissue Banking"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10561-026-10224-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10561-026-10224-4","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10561-026-10224-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T11:16:21Z","timestamp":1788952581000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10561-026-10224-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,26]]},"references-count":12,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10224"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10561-026-10224-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["1573-6814"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1573-6814","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,26]]},"assertion":[{"value":"23 October 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"17 April 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"26 May 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Conflict of interest","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The study protocol was approved on May 26, 2023 by the Technical Scientific Committee (CTS) of ASST Gaetano Pini-CTO, Milan, Italy.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethical approval","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable (cadaveric tissue procurement).","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent to participate","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent for publication","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"24"}}