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Through both prevention (GROW Strong) and intervention (GROW Free) exercises, these programs aim to build character and emotional resilience while also lowering unhealthy alcohol use.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To meaningfully assess the impact of the GROW programs on health and PYD, ecologically and psychometrically valid measures of character strengths were needed, with a focus on the strengths of hope, forgiveness, spirituality, prudence, and self-control (self-regulation) promoted by GROW.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We tested a series of exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses of these five key constructs using two samples: a school-based youth sample enrolled in GROW Strong (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009460;\n                      <jats:italic>M<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>\n                        <jats:italic>age<\/jats:italic>\n                      <\/jats:sub>\n                      \u2009=\u200915.04\u00a0years,\n                      <jats:italic>SD<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>\n                        <jats:italic>age<\/jats:italic>\n                      <\/jats:sub>\n                      \u2009=\u20091.21; 53.0% female); and a community-based adult sample enrolled in GROW Free (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009457;\n                      <jats:italic>M<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>\n                        <jats:italic>age<\/jats:italic>\n                      <\/jats:sub>\n                      \u2009=\u200920.60\u00a0years,\n                      <jats:italic>SD<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>\n                        <jats:italic>age<\/jats:italic>\n                      <\/jats:sub>\n                      \u2009=\u20091.88; 49.7% female); both enrolled using a waitlist-control design.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Measures demonstrated strong invariance across specific subgroups present in the data sets, with differences emerging across ages, urban\/rural locations, and baseline study conditions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To meaningfully document PYD programs and character development in the majority world, measurement models must be theory-predicated, robust, and empirically validated for the specific context. The results provide evidence for such a measure that will be useful in future intervention studies promoting character strengths to address unhealthy alcohol use in Zambia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10566-024-09814-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,1]],"date-time":"2024-08-01T00:15:27Z","timestamp":1722471327000},"page":"303-322","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Measuring Character Strengths and Promoting Positive Youth Development in Zambia: Initial Findings from the GROW Hopes for Life Study"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"54","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4825-0207","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jonathan M.","family":"Tirrell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5845-9533","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mutale","family":"Sampa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kit","family":"Wootten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4618-0348","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sion Kim","family":"Harris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2589-5088","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robert E.","family":"McGrath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6096-4897","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mataanana","family":"Mulavu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8494-4735","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ntazana","family":"Sindano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lameck","family":"Kasanga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oliver","family":"Mweemba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3962-5222","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dana McDaniel","family":"Seale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5760-2262","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J. 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