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Self-concept is a transdiagnostic concept linked to various psychopathologies and understanding its unique relationship to trauma is important. This meta-analysis aimed to understand the size of the effect between trauma and maltreatment and self-concept in children and adolescents. The current meta-analysis searched PubMed, PILOTS, PsycINFO, and Web of Science databases. Inclusion criteria involved studies with defined trauma exposure, valid measures of self-concept, and participants\u2019 mean age under 18\u00a0years old. One-hundred-and-thirty-four studies were included in the meta-analysis (N\u2009=\u2009255,334). A random-effects meta-analysis was performed. A small negative relationship was observed between trauma exposure and self-concept (r\u2009=\u2009\u2212\u20090.20, 95% CI \u2212\u20090.22, \u2212\u20090.18). This relationship was significantly moderated by some variables (type and nature of trauma exposure) but not others (participant gender, type of self-concept measure, quality of studies, country economic status). A small relationship between trauma exposure and negative self-concept in children and adolescents was detected, with repeated trauma exposure and type of trauma exposure moderating this relationship. This provides important directions for clinical practice around providing support for those exposed or most vulnerable to experiencing trauma.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10567-024-00472-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,22]],"date-time":"2024-02-22T02:03:51Z","timestamp":1708567431000},"page":"220-234","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":57,"title":["The Relationship Between Negative Self-Concept, Trauma, and Maltreatment in Children and Adolescents: A Meta-Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Daniela M.","family":"Melamed","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jessica","family":"Botting","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katie","family":"Lofthouse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Pass","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0262-623X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Richard","family":"Meiser-Stedman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,22]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"472_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1016\/S0145-2134(02)00322-8","volume":"26","author":"DM Ackard","year":"2002","unstructured":"* Ackard, D. 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