{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T12:11:17Z","timestamp":1793189477889,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784246400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784246400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s10567-026-00579-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T06:07:47Z","timestamp":1784268467000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Therapeutic Homework and Treatment Outcomes in Youth Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Internalizing Disorders: A Meta-Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6970-5808","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abigail E.","family":"Pine","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mary A.","family":"Gum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michelle M.","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph F.","family":"McGuire","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"579_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1017\/S1352465815000429","volume":"44","author":"K Arendt","year":"2016","unstructured":"*Arendt, K., Thastum, M., & Hougaard, E. (2016). Homework adherence and cognitive behaviour treatment outcome for children and adolescents with anxiety disorders. Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 44(2), 225\u2013235. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S1352465815000429","journal-title":"Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy"},{"issue":"9","key":"579_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/14567","volume":"21","author":"A Baumel","year":"2019","unstructured":"Baumel, A., Muench, F., Edan, S., & Kane, J. M. (2019). Objective user engagement with mental health apps: Systematic search and panel-based usage analysis. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 21(9), Article e14567. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2196\/14567","journal-title":"Journal of Medical Internet Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"579_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-clinpsy-081423-021727","volume":"21","author":"RS Beidas","year":"2025","unstructured":"Beidas, R. S., Boyd, M., Casline, E., Scott, K., Patel-Syed, Z., Mills, C., Mustanski, B., Schriger, S., Williams, F. S., Waller, C., Helseth, S. A., & Becker, S. J. (2025). Harnessing implementation science in clinical psychology: Past, present, and future. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 21(1), 529\u2013555. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1146\/annurev-clinpsy-081423-021727","journal-title":"Annual Review of Clinical Psychology"},{"key":"579_CR4","unstructured":"Borenstein, M., Hedges, L., Higgins, J., & Rothstein, H. (2022). Comprehensive Meta-Analysis Version 4 (Version 4) [Computer software]. Biostat."},{"issue":"2","key":"579_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1002\/jrsm.12","volume":"1","author":"M Borenstein","year":"2010","unstructured":"Borenstein, M., Hedges, L. V., Higgins, J. P. T., & Rothstein, H. R. (2010). A basic introduction to fixed-effect and random-effects models for meta-analysis. Research Synthesis Methods, 1(2), 97\u2013111. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jrsm.12","journal-title":"Research Synthesis Methods"},{"issue":"2","key":"579_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1007\/s10608-020-10090-8","volume":"45","author":"BE Bunnell","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bunnell, B. E., Nemeth, L. S., Lenert, L. A., Kazantzis, N., Deblinger, E., Higgins, K. A., & Ruggiero, K. J. (2021). Barriers associated with the implementation of homework in youth mental health treatment and potential mobile health solutions. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 45(2), 272\u2013286. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10608-020-10090-8","journal-title":"Cognitive Therapy and Research"},{"key":"579_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/56567","volume":"11","author":"BE Bunnell","year":"2024","unstructured":"Bunnell, B. E., Schuler, K. R., Ivanova, J., Flynn, L., Barrera, J. F., Niazi, J., Turner, D., & Welch, B. M. (2024). Expanding a health technology solution to address therapist challenges in implementing homework with adult clients: Mixed methods study. JMIR Human Factors, 11, Article e56567. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2196\/56567","journal-title":"JMIR Human Factors"},{"key":"579_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10578-025-01902-7","author":"IG Calteaux","year":"2025","unstructured":"*Calteaux, I. G., Neumann, D. L., & Farrell, L. J. (2025). Therapeutic processes that impact child outcomes following exposure therapy for child specific phobias. Child Psychiatry and Human Development. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10578-025-01902-7","journal-title":"Child Psychiatry and Human Development"},{"issue":"3","key":"579_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1037\/ccp0000711","volume":"90","author":"BF Chorpita","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chorpita, B. F., & Becker, K. D. (2022). Dimensions of treatment engagement among youth and caregivers: Structural validity of the REACH framework. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 90(3), 258\u2013271. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/ccp0000711","journal-title":"Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology"},{"issue":"3","key":"579_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-7894(05)80162-5","volume":"23","author":"G Clarke","year":"1992","unstructured":"*Clarke, G., Hops, H., Lewinsohn, P. M., Andrews, J., Seeley, J. R., & Williams, J. (1992). Cognitive-behavioral group treatment of adolescent depression: Prediction of outcome. Behavior Therapy, 23(3), 341\u2013354. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0005-7894(05)80162-5","journal-title":"Behavior Therapy"},{"issue":"2","key":"579_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1037\/a0035458","volume":"82","author":"SN Compton","year":"2014","unstructured":"Compton, S. N., Peris, T. S., Almirall, D., Birmaher, B., Sherrill, J., Kendall, P. C., March, J. S., Gosch, E. A., Ginsburg, G. S., Rynn, M. A., Piacentini, J. C., McCracken, J. T., Keeton, C. P., Suveg, C. M., Aschenbrand, S. G., Sakolsky, D., Iyengar, S., Walkup, J. T., & Albano, A. M. (2014). Predictors and moderators of treatment response in childhood anxiety disorders: Results from the CAMS trial. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 82(2), 212\u2013224. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/a0035458","journal-title":"Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology"},{"issue":"10","key":"579_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1015","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2011.02446.x","volume":"52","author":"EJ Costello","year":"2011","unstructured":"Costello, E. J., Copeland, W., & Angold, A. (2011). Trends in psychopathology across the adolescent years: What changes when children become adolescents, and when adolescents become adults? Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, and Allied Disciplines, 52(10), 1015\u20131025. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2011.02446.x","journal-title":"Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, and Allied Disciplines"},{"issue":"10","key":"579_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"972","DOI":"10.1097\/01.chi.0000172552.41596.6f","volume":"44","author":"EJ Costello","year":"2005","unstructured":"Costello, E. J., Egger, H., & Angold, A. (2005). 10-year research update review: The epidemiology of child and adolescent psychiatric disorders: I. Methods and public health burden. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent PsychiatRy, 44(10), 972\u2013986. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/01.chi.0000172552.41596.6f","journal-title":"Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent PsychiatRy"},{"key":"579_CR63","unstructured":"Covidence systematic review software, Veritas Health Innovation, Melbourne, Australia. Available at https:\/\/www.covidence.org"},{"key":"579_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2014.04.006","volume":"58","author":"MG Craske","year":"2014","unstructured":"Craske, M. G., Treanor, M., Conway, C. C., Zbozinek, T., & Vervliet, B. (2014). Maximizing exposure therapy: An inhibitory learning approach. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 58, 10\u201323. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.brat.2014.04.006","journal-title":"Behaviour Research and Therapy"},{"issue":"2","key":"579_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2019.3523","volume":"77","author":"S Dalsgaard","year":"2020","unstructured":"Dalsgaard, S., Thorsteinsson, E., Trabjerg, B. B., Schullehner, J., Plana-Ripoll, O., Brikell, I., Wimberley, T., Thygesen, M., Madsen, K. B., Timmerman, A., Schendel, D., McGrath, J. J., Mortensen, P. B., & Pedersen, C. B. (2020). Incidence rates and cumulative incidences of the full spectrum of diagnosed mental disorders in childhood and adolescence. JAMA Psychiatry, 77(2), 155\u2013164. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2019.3523","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"key":"579_CR16","unstructured":"*Davis, J. (2021). The Relationship Between Therapy Homework Compliance and Treatment Outcome in Anxious Youth [Dissertation]. Temple University."},{"key":"579_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2018.01.008","volume":"230","author":"JM de Lijster","year":"2018","unstructured":"de Lijster, J. M., Dieleman, G. C., Utens, E. M. W. J., Dierckx, B., Wierenga, M., Verhulst, F. C., & Legerstee, J. S. (2018). Social and academic functioning in adolescents with anxiety disorders: A systematic review. Journal of Affective Disorders, 230, 108\u2013117. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jad.2018.01.008","journal-title":"Journal of Affective Disorders"},{"issue":"7109","key":"579_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.315.7109.629","volume":"315","author":"M Egger","year":"1997","unstructured":"Egger, M., Smith, G. D., Schneider, M., & Minder, C. (1997). Bias in meta-analysis detected by a simple, graphical test. BMJ, 315(7109), 629\u2013634. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.315.7109.629","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"579_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2021.103844","volume":"140","author":"JK-Y Essoe","year":"2021","unstructured":"Essoe, J.K.-Y., Ricketts, E. J., Ramsey, K. A., Piacentini, J., Woods, D. W., Peterson, A. L., Scahill, L., Wilhelm, S., Walkup, J. T., & McGuire, J. F. (2021). Homework adherence predicts therapeutic improvement from behavior therapy in Tourette\u2019s disorder. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 140, Article 103844. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.brat.2021.103844","journal-title":"Behaviour Research and Therapy"},{"issue":"5","key":"579_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1080\/15374416.2018.1496443","volume":"47","author":"J Freeman","year":"2018","unstructured":"Freeman, J., Benito, K., Herren, J., Kemp, J., Sung, J., Georgiadis, C., Arora, A., Walther, M., & Garcia, A. (2018). Evidence base update of psychosocial treatments for pediatric obsessive-compulsive disorder: Evaluating, improving, and transporting what works. Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology, 47(5), 669\u2013698. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/15374416.2018.1496443","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology"},{"key":"579_CR21","volume-title":"Clinical practice of cognitive therapy with children and adolescents: The nuts and bolts","author":"RD Friedberg","year":"2015","unstructured":"Friedberg, R. D., & McClure, J. M. (2015). Clinical practice of cognitive therapy with children and adolescents: The nuts and bolts. Guilford Publications."},{"key":"579_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-clinpsy-032814-112836","volume":"12","author":"J Garber","year":"2016","unstructured":"Garber, J., Frankel, S. A., & Herrington, C. G. (2016). Developmental demands of cognitive behavioral therapy for depression in children and adolescents: Cognitive, social, and emotional processes. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 12, 181\u2013216. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1146\/annurev-clinpsy-032814-112836","journal-title":"Annual Review of Clinical Psychology"},{"key":"579_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beth.2026.01.006","author":"A Gonzalez","year":"2026","unstructured":"*Gonzalez, A., Goger, P., Escobar, M., Rozenman, M., Jeffreys, M., Porta, G., Brent, D. A., Lynch, F. L., Dickerson, J. F., & Weersing, V. R. (2026). Behavioral practice and homework completion as predictors of outcome in a transdiagnostic brief behavioral therapy for anxiety and depression in youth. Behavior Therapy. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.beth.2026.01.006","journal-title":"Behavior Therapy"},{"issue":"5","key":"579_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1002\/jclp.10030","volume":"58","author":"JL Hudson","year":"2002","unstructured":"Hudson, J. L., & Kendall, P. C. (2002). Showing you can do it: Homework in therapy for children and adolescents with anxiety disorders. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 58(5), 525\u2013534. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jclp.10030","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Psychology"},{"issue":"4","key":"579_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1017\/S1352465807003761","volume":"35","author":"AA Hughes","year":"2007","unstructured":"*Hughes, A. A., & Kendall, P. C. (2007). Prediction of cognitive behavior treatment outcome for children with anxiety disorders: Therapeutic relationship and homework compliance. Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 35(4), 487\u2013494. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S1352465807003761","journal-title":"Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy"},{"issue":"2","key":"579_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psc.2024.03.002","volume":"47","author":"N Kazantzis","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kazantzis, N. (2024). Cognitive behavioral therapy. Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 47(2), 301\u2013310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.psc.2024.03.002","journal-title":"Psychiatric Clinics of North America"},{"issue":"2","key":"579_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1093\/clipsy.7.2.189","volume":"7","author":"N Kazantzis","year":"2000","unstructured":"Kazantzis, N., Deane, F. P., & Ronan, K. R. (2000). Homework assignments in cognitive and behavioral therapy: A meta-analysis. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 7(2), 189\u2013202. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/clipsy.7.2.189","journal-title":"Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice"},{"key":"579_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9780203499825","volume-title":"Using homework assignments in cognitive behavior therapy","year":"2005","unstructured":"Kazantzis, N., Deane, F. P., Ronan, K. R., & L\u2019Abate, L. (Eds.). (2005). Using homework assignments in cognitive behavior therapy. Routledge. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4324\/9780203499825"},{"issue":"1","key":"579_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1007\/s10608-021-10247-z","volume":"46","author":"N Kazantzis","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kazantzis, N., & Miller, A. R. (2022). A comprehensive model of homework in cognitive behavior therapy. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 46(1), 247\u2013257. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10608-021-10247-z","journal-title":"Cognitive Therapy and Research"},{"issue":"3","key":"579_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbpra.2006.08.003","volume":"14","author":"N Kazantzis","year":"2007","unstructured":"Kazantzis, N., & Shinkfield, G. (2007). Conceptualizing patient barriers to nonadherence with homework assignments. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 14(3), 317\u2013324. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cbpra.2006.08.003","journal-title":"Cognitive and Behavioral Practice"},{"issue":"2","key":"579_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-2850.2010.01204.x","volume":"17","author":"N Kazantzis","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kazantzis, N., Whittington, C., & Dattilio, F. (2010). Meta-analysis of homework effects in cognitive and behavioral therapy: A replication and extension. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 17(2), 144\u2013156. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1468-2850.2010.01204.x","journal-title":"Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice"},{"issue":"5","key":"579_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beth.2016.05.002","volume":"47","author":"N Kazantzis","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kazantzis, N., Whittington, C., Zelencich, L., Kyrios, M., Norton, P. J., & Hofmann, S. G. (2016). Quantity and quality of homework compliance: A meta-analysis of relations with outcome in cognitive behavior therapy. Behavior Therapy, 47(5), 755\u2013772. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.beth.2016.05.002","journal-title":"Behavior Therapy"},{"issue":"1","key":"579_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1022542814822","volume":"27","author":"PC Kendall","year":"2003","unstructured":"Kendall, P. C., & Choudhury, M. S. (2003). Children and adolescents in cognitive-behavioral therapy: Some past efforts and current advances, and the challenges in our future. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 27(1), 89\u2013104. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1023\/A:1022542814822","journal-title":"Cognitive Therapy and Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"579_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1037\/a0039773","volume":"84","author":"PC Kendall","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kendall, P. C., Cummings, C. M., Villab\u00f8, M. A., Narayanan, M. K., Treadwell, K., Birmaher, B., Compton, S., Piacentini, J., Sherrill, J., Walkup, J., Gosch, E., Keeton, C., Ginsburg, G., Suveg, C., & Albano, A. M. (2016). Mediators of change in the Child\/Adolescent anxiety multimodal treatment study. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 84(1), 1\u201314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/a0039773","journal-title":"Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology"},{"issue":"2","key":"579_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"602","DOI":"10.1007\/s10567-024-00476-5","volume":"27","author":"AM Klein","year":"2024","unstructured":"Klein, A. M., Hagen, A., Mobach, L., Zimmermann, R., Baartmans, J. M. D., Rahemenia, J., de Gier, E., Schneider, S., & Ollendick, T. H. (2024a). The importance of practicing at home during and following cognitive behavioral therapy for childhood anxiety disorders: A conceptual review and new directions to enhance homework using mHealth technology. Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 27(2), 602\u2013625. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10567-024-00476-5","journal-title":"Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review"},{"key":"579_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conctc.2024.101346","volume":"41","author":"AM Klein","year":"2024","unstructured":"Klein, A. M., Hagen, A., Rahemenia, J., de Gier, E., Rapee, R. M., Nauta, M., de Bruin, E., Biesters, J., van Rijswijk, L., Bexkens, A., Baartmans, J. M. D., Mobach, L., Zimmermann, R., Krause, K., B\u00f6gels, S. M., Ollendick, T. H., & Schneider, S. (2024b). Combining one-session treatment with a homework program including app-based technology to enhance the treatment of childhood specific phobias: A study protocol of a multicenter pragmatic randomized controlled trial. Contemporary Clinical Trials Communications, 41, Article 101346. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.conctc.2024.101346","journal-title":"Contemporary Clinical Trials Communications"},{"issue":"sup1","key":"579_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S215","DOI":"10.1080\/15374416.2017.1310046","volume":"48","author":"P Lee","year":"2019","unstructured":"*Lee, P., Zehgeer, A., Ginsburg, G. S., McCracken, J., Keeton, C., Kendall, P. C., Birmaher, B., Sakolsky, D., Walkup, J., Peris, T., Albano, A. M., & Compton, S. (2019). Child and adolescent adherence with cognitive behavioral therapy for anxiety: Predictors and associations with outcomes. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology: THe Official Journal for the Society of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, American Psychological Association, Division 53, 48(sup1), S215\u2013S226. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/15374416.2017.1310046","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology: THe Official Journal for the Society of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, American Psychological Association, Division 53"},{"key":"579_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/med:psych\/9780199360345.001.0001","volume-title":"Moderators and mediators of youth treatment outcomes","author":"M Maric","year":"2015","unstructured":"Maric, M., Prins, P. J. M., & Ollendick, T. H. (2015). Moderators and mediators of youth treatment outcomes. Oxford University Press."},{"issue":"5","key":"579_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1007\/s10608-010-9297-z","volume":"34","author":"BT Mausbach","year":"2010","unstructured":"Mausbach, B. T., Moore, R., Roesch, S., Cardenas, V., & Patterson, T. L. (2010). The relationship between homework compliance and therapy outcomes: An updated meta-analysis. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 34(5), 429\u2013438. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10608-010-9297-z","journal-title":"Cognitive Therapy and Research"},{"issue":"10","key":"579_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"980","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2010.05.017","volume":"49","author":"KR Merikangas","year":"2010","unstructured":"Merikangas, K. R., He, J.-P., Burstein, M., Swanson, S. A., Avenevoli, S., Cui, L., Benjet, C., Georgiades, K., & Swendsen, J. (2010). Lifetime prevalence of mental disorders in U.S. adolescents: Results from the National Comorbidity Survey Replication--Adolescent Supplement (NCS-A). Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 49(10), 980\u2013989. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaac.2010.05.017","journal-title":"Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry"},{"issue":"9\u201310","key":"579_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1037\/bul0000395","volume":"149","author":"MY Ng","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ng, M. Y., DiVasto, K. A., Gonzalez, N., Cootner, S., Lipsey, M. W., & Weisz, J. R. (2023). How do cognitive behavioral therapy and interpersonal psychotherapy improve youth depression? Applying meta-analytic structural equation modeling to three decades of randomized trials. Psychological Bulletin, 149(9\u201310), 507\u2013548. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/bul0000395","journal-title":"Psychological Bulletin"},{"issue":"2","key":"579_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-012-0316-3","volume":"22","author":"TS Nilsen","year":"2013","unstructured":"Nilsen, T. S., Eisemann, M., & Kvernmo, S. (2013). Predictors and moderators of outcome in child and adolescent anxiety and depression: A systematic review of psychological treatment studies. European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 22(2), 69\u201387. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00787-012-0316-3","journal-title":"European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"579_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1080\/15374416.2020.1833337","volume":"50","author":"LA Norris","year":"2021","unstructured":"Norris, L. A., & Kendall, P. C. (2021). Moderators of outcome for youth anxiety treatments: Current findings and future directions. Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology, 50(4), 450\u2013463. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/15374416.2020.1833337","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology"},{"issue":"3","key":"579_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1080\/07317107.2012.707086","volume":"34","author":"KA O\u2019Neil","year":"2012","unstructured":"O\u2019Neil, K. A., & Kendall, P. C. (2012). Role of comorbid depression and co-occurring depressive symptoms in outcomes for anxiety-disordered youth treated with cognitive-behavioral therapy. Child & Family Behavior Therapy, 34(3), 197\u2013209. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/07317107.2012.707086","journal-title":"Child & Family Behavior Therapy"},{"issue":"12","key":"579_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"935","DOI":"10.1002\/da.22423","volume":"32","author":"BO Olatunji","year":"2015","unstructured":"*Olatunji, B. O., Rosenfield, D., Monzani, B., Krebs, G., Heyman, I., Turner, C., Isomura, K., & Mataix-Cols, D. (2015). Effects of homework compliance on cognitive-behavioral therapy with D-cycloserine augmentation for children with obsessive compulsive disorder. Depression and Anxiety, 32(12), 935\u2013943. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/da.22423","journal-title":"Depression and Anxiety"},{"key":"579_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n71","author":"MJ Page","year":"2021","unstructured":"Page, M. J., McKenzie, J. E., Bossuyt, P. M., Boutron, I., Hoffmann, T. C., Mulrow, C. D., Shamseer, L., Tetzlaff, J. M., Akl, E. A., Brennan, S. E., Chou, R., Glanville, J., Grimshaw, J. M., Hr\u00f3bjartsson, A., Lalu, M. M., Li, T., Loder, E. W., Mayo-Wilson, E., McDonald, S., & Moher, D. (2021). The PRISMA 2020 statement: An updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.n71","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"5","key":"579_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"863","DOI":"10.1007\/s10826-013-9742-1","volume":"23","author":"JM Park","year":"2014","unstructured":"*Park, J. M., Small, B. J., Geller, D. A., Murphy, T. K., Lewin, A. B., & Storch, E. A. (2014). Does d-cycloserine augmentation of CBT improve therapeutic homework compliance for pediatric obsessive-compulsive disorder? Journal of Child and Family Studies, 23(5), 863\u2013871. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10826-013-9742-1","journal-title":"Journal of Child and Family Studies"},{"issue":"12","key":"579_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1043","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2017.10.001","volume":"56","author":"TS Peris","year":"2017","unstructured":"Peris, T. S., Caporino, N. E., O\u2019Rourke, S., Kendall, P. C., Walkup, J. T., Albano, A. M., Bergman, R. L., McCracken, J. T., Birmaher, B., Ginsburg, G. S., Sakolsky, D., Piacentini, J., & Compton, S. N. (2017). Therapist-reported features of exposure tasks that predict differential treatment outcomes for youth with anxiety. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 56(12), 1043\u20131052. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaac.2017.10.001","journal-title":"Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"579_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-9010.90.1.175","volume":"90","author":"RA Peterson","year":"2005","unstructured":"Peterson, R. A., & Brown, S. P. (2005). On the use of beta coefficients in meta-analysis. The Journal of Applied Psychology, 90(1), 175\u2013181. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0021-9010.90.1.175","journal-title":"The Journal of Applied Psychology"},{"issue":"3","key":"579_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1891\/0889-8391.15.3.165","volume":"15","author":"J Piacentini","year":"2001","unstructured":"Piacentini, J., & Bergman, R. L. (2001). Developmental issues in cognitive therapy for childhood anxiety disorders. Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy, 15(3), 165\u2013182.","journal-title":"Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy"},{"issue":"2,Suppl","key":"579_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S61","DOI":"10.1089\/104454603322126359","volume":"13","author":"J Piacentini","year":"2003","unstructured":"Piacentini, J., Bergman, R. L., Keller, M., & McCracken, J. (2003). Functional impairment in children and adolescents with obsessive-compulsive disorder. Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology, 13(2,Suppl), S61\u2013S69. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/104454603322126359","journal-title":"Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"579_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2026.105050","author":"AE Pine","year":"2026","unstructured":"*Pine, A. E., Liu, Q., Storch, E. A., Geller, D. A., Small, B. J., Wilhelm, S., & McGuire, J. F. (2026). Homework adherence in exposure-based CBT for youth with obsessive-compulsive disorder: Clinical outcomes and predictors across treatment. Behaviour Research and Therapy. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.brat.2026.105050","journal-title":"Behaviour Research and Therapy"},{"issue":"1","key":"579_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2012.10.002","volume":"52","author":"RM Rapee","year":"2013","unstructured":"Rapee, R. M., Lyneham, H. J., Hudson, J. L., Kangas, M., Wuthrich, V. M., & Schniering, C. A. (2013). Effect of comorbidity on treatment of anxious children and adolescents: Results from a large, combined sample. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 52(1), 47\u201356. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaac.2012.10.002","journal-title":"Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry"},{"key":"579_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2017.11.041","volume":"260","author":"RR Selles","year":"2018","unstructured":"*Selles, R. R., Belschner, L., Negreiros, J., Lin, S., Schuberth, D., McKenney, K., Gregorowski, N., Simpson, A., Bliss, A., & Stewart, S. E. (2018). Group family-based cognitive behavioral therapy for pediatric obsessive compulsive disorder: Global outcomes and predictors of improvement. Psychiatry Research, 260, 116\u2013122. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.psychres.2017.11.041","journal-title":"Psychiatry Research"},{"issue":"4","key":"579_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1521\/ijct.2013.6.4.311","volume":"6","author":"SR Shirk","year":"2013","unstructured":"*Shirk, S. R., Crisostomo, P. S., Jungbluth, N., & Gudmundsen, G. R. (2013). Cognitive mechanisms of change in CBT for adolescent depression: Associations among client involvement, cognitive distortions, and treatment outcome. International Journal of Cognitive Therapy, 6(4), 311\u2013324.","journal-title":"International Journal of Cognitive Therapy"},{"issue":"1","key":"579_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beth.2019.05.002","volume":"51","author":"JS Silk","year":"2020","unstructured":"Silk, J. S., Pramana, G., Sequeira, S. L., Lindhiem, O., Kendall, P. C., Rosen, D., & Parmanto, B. (2020). Using a smartphone app and clinician portal to enhance brief cognitive behavioral therapy for childhood anxiety disorders. Behavior Therapy, 51(1), 69\u201384. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.beth.2019.05.002","journal-title":"Behavior Therapy"},{"issue":"4","key":"579_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1891\/0889-8391.26.4.390","volume":"26","author":"AD Simons","year":"2012","unstructured":"*Simons, A. D., Marti, C. N., Rohde, P., Lewis, C. C., Curry, J., & March, J. (2012). Does homework \u201cmatter\u201d in cognitive behavioral therapy for adolescent depression? Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy, 26(4), 390\u2013404. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1891\/0889-8391.26.4.390","journal-title":"Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy"},{"issue":"5","key":"579_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1097\/CHI.0b013e31816774b1","volume":"47","author":"EA Storch","year":"2008","unstructured":"Storch, E. A., Merlo, L. J., Larson, M. J., Geffken, G. R., Lehmkuhl, H. D., Jacob, M. L., Murphy, T. K., & Goodman, W. K. (2008). Impact of comorbidity on cognitive-behavioral therapy response in pediatric obsessive-compulsive disorder. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent PsychiatRy, 47(5), 583\u2013592. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/CHI.0b013e31816774b1","journal-title":"Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent PsychiatRy"},{"issue":"2","key":"579_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/mental.5283","volume":"4","author":"W Tang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Tang, W., & Kreindler, D. (2017). Supporting homework compliance in cognitive behavioural therapy: Essential features of mobile apps. JMIR Mental Health, 4(2), Article e20. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2196\/mental.5283","journal-title":"JMIR Mental Health"},{"issue":"9820","key":"579_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1056","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(11)60871-4","volume":"379","author":"A Thapar","year":"2012","unstructured":"Thapar, A., Collishaw, S., Pine, D. S., & Thapar, A. K. (2012). Depression in adolescence. Lancet, 379(9820), 1056\u20131067. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(11)60871-4","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"3","key":"579_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1136\/eb-2018-102891","volume":"21","author":"J Torous","year":"2018","unstructured":"Torous, J., Nicholas, J., Larsen, M. E., Firth, J., & Christensen, H. (2018). Clinical review of user engagement with mental health smartphone apps: Evidence, theory and improvements. Evidence-Based Mental Health, 21(3), 116\u2013119. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/eb-2018-102891","journal-title":"Evidence-Based Mental Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"579_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beth.2023.07.005","volume":"55","author":"PW Tuerk","year":"2024","unstructured":"Tuerk, P. W., McGuire, J. F., & Piacentini, J. (2024). A randomized controlled trial of OC-Go for childhood obsessive-compulsive disorder: Augmenting homework compliance in exposure with response prevention treatment. Behavior Therapy, 55(2), 306\u2013319. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.beth.2023.07.005","journal-title":"Behavior Therapy"},{"key":"579_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocrd.2022.100729","volume":"34","author":"M Walther","year":"2022","unstructured":"*Walther, M., Milgram, L., Cain, G., Sheehan, K., Jones, R. N., Herren, J., Benito, K., Garcia, A., Sapyta, J., Franklin, M., & Freeman, J. (2022). The relationship between homework adherence and outcome in family-based cognitive-behavioral therapy for early-onset obsessive compulsive disorder. Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders, 34, Article 100729. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jocrd.2022.100729","journal-title":"Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders"},{"issue":"1","key":"579_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1111\/1469-7610.00002","volume":"43","author":"VR Weersing","year":"2002","unstructured":"Weersing, V. R., & Weisz, J. R. (2002). Mechanisms of action in youth psychotherapy. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, and Allied Disciplines, 43(1), 3\u201329. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1469-7610.00002","journal-title":"Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, and Allied Disciplines"},{"issue":"3","key":"579_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1037\/ccp0000946","volume":"93","author":"MJ Weintraub","year":"2025","unstructured":"Weintraub, M. J., Ichinose, M. C., Zinberg, J. L., Salimian, A., Brown, R. D., Morgan-Fleming, G., Gamarra, J. M., Tran, T., & Miklowitz, D. J. (2025). A randomized trial of an app-enhanced group cognitive behavioral therapy for adolescents with mood or psychotic spectrum disorders. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 93(3), 131\u2013143. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/ccp0000946","journal-title":"Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology"},{"issue":"2","key":"579_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1037\/a0040360","volume":"72","author":"JR Weisz","year":"2017","unstructured":"Weisz, J. R., Kuppens, S., Ng, M. Y., Eckshtain, D., Ugueto, A. M., Vaughn-Coaxum, R., Jensen-Doss, A., Hawley, K. M., Krumholz Marchette, L. S., Chu, B. C., Weersing, V. R., & Fordwood, S. R. (2017). What five decades of research tells us about the effects of youth psychological therapy: A multilevel meta-analysis and implications for science and practice. American Psychologist, 72(2), 79\u2013117. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/a0040360","journal-title":"American Psychologist"},{"key":"579_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-clinpsy-080921-082920","volume":"19","author":"JR Weisz","year":"2023","unstructured":"Weisz, J. R., Venturo-Conerly, K. E., Fitzpatrick, O. M., Frederick, J. A., & Ng, M. Y. (2023). What four decades of meta-analysis have taught us about youth psychotherapy and the science of research synthesis. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 19, 79\u2013105. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1146\/annurev-clinpsy-080921-082920","journal-title":"Annual Review of Clinical Psychology"},{"key":"579_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2020.101918","volume":"83","author":"GJH Wergeland","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wergeland, G. J. H., Riise, E. N., & \u00d6st, L.-G. (2021). Cognitive behavior therapy for internalizing disorders in children and adolescents in routine clinical care: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clinical Psychology Review, 83, Article 101918. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cpr.2020.101918","journal-title":"Clinical Psychology Review"},{"issue":"2","key":"579_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1007\/s10608-020-10125-0","volume":"45","author":"MG Wheaton","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wheaton, M. G., & Chen, S. R. (2021). Homework completion in treating obsessive-compulsive disorder with exposure and ritual prevention: A review of the empirical literature. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 45(2), 236\u2013249. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10608-020-10125-0","journal-title":"Cognitive Therapy and Research"},{"issue":"4","key":"579_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/resprot.5841","volume":"5","author":"P Wilansky","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wilansky, P., Eklund, J. M., Milner, T., Kreindler, D., Cheung, A., Kovacs, T., Shooshtari, S., Astell, A., Ohinmaa, A., Henderson, J., Strauss, J., & Mills, R. S. (2016). Cognitive behavior therapy for anxious and depressed youth: Improving homework adherence through mobile technology. JMIR Research Protocols, 5(4), Article e209. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2196\/resprot.5841","journal-title":"JMIR Research Protocols"}],"container-title":["Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10567-026-00579-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10567-026-00579-1","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10567-026-00579-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T03:41:19Z","timestamp":1790307679000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10567-026-00579-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]]},"references-count":71,"alternative-id":["579"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10567-026-00579-1","relation":{},"ISSN":["1096-4037","1573-2827"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1096-4037","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-2827","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]]},"assertion":[{"value":"5 July 2026","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"17 July 2026","order":2,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Dr. Pine reports receiving funding to her institution from the Misophonia Research Fund. Dr. McGuire reports receiving researchfunding to his institution from the American Psychological Foundation, Misophonia Research Fund, Tourette Association of America (TAA),and the National Institute of Health (NIH). Additionally, he serves on the Scientific Advisory Board of the TAA and IOCDF, and has servedas a consultant to Syneos Health, Emalex Biosciences, and Noema Pharma in the past 24 months. He receives book royalties from Elsevier,and honorarium from Springer Nature for his role as Associate Editor at two journals. All other authors have nothing to disclose.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}]}}