{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T16:29:25Z","timestamp":1793204965686,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":182,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,16]],"date-time":"2018-08-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1534377600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,16]],"date-time":"2018-08-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1534377600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"name":"fundamental research grant scheme","award":["5524924"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5524924"]}]},{"name":"long term research grant scheme","award":["5526406"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5526406"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cell Mol Neurobiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,10]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10571-018-0609-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,16]],"date-time":"2018-08-16T04:57:35Z","timestamp":1534395455000},"page":"1349-1368","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":181,"title":["Mechanisms of Blood Brain Barrier Disruption by Different Types of Bacteria, and Bacterial\u2013Host Interactions Facilitate the Bacterial Pathogen Invading the Brain"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Mazen M. Jamil","family":"Al-Obaidi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0200-4796","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohd Nasir Mohd","family":"Desa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"609_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn1824","volume":"7","author":"NJ Abbott","year":"2006","unstructured":"Abbott NJ, R\u00f6nnb\u00e4ck L, Hansson E (2006) Astrocyte\u2013endothelial interactions at the blood\u2013brain barrier. Nat Rev Neurosci 7:41\u201353. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrn1824","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"609_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2009.07.030","volume":"37","author":"NJ Abbott","year":"2010","unstructured":"Abbott NJ, Patabendige AAK, Dolman DEM et al (2010) Structure and function of the blood-brain barrier. Neurobiol Dis 37:13\u201325. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.nbd.2009.07.030","journal-title":"Neurobiol Dis"},{"key":"609_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R27","DOI":"10.1186\/cc8898","volume":"14","author":"R Abe","year":"2010","unstructured":"Abe R, Oda S, Sadahiro T et al (2010) Gram-negative bacteremia induces greater magnitude of inflammatory response than Gram-positive bacteremia. Crit Care 14:R27. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/cc8898","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"key":"609_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0b013e3181d5453d","volume":"89","author":"J Aguilar","year":"2010","unstructured":"Aguilar J, Urday-Cornejo V, Donabedian S et al (2010) Staphylococcus aureus meningitis: case series and literature review. Medicine 89:117\u2013125. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/MD.0b013e3181d5453d","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"609_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1750-3639.2005.tb00519.x","volume":"15","author":"E-A Antal","year":"2005","unstructured":"Antal E-A, L\u00f8berg E-M, Dietrichs E, Maehlen J (2005) Neuropathological findings in 9 cases of listeria monocytogenes brain stem encephalitis. Brain Pathol 15:187\u2013191","journal-title":"Brain Pathol"},{"key":"609_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5350","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00184-08","volume":"76","author":"C Attali","year":"2008","unstructured":"Attali C, Durmort C, Vernet T, Di Guilmi AM (2008) The interaction of Streptococcus pneumoniae with plasmin mediates transmigration across endothelial and epithelial monolayers by intercellular junction cleavage. Infect Immun 76:5350\u20135356. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/IAI.00184-08","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"609_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-2776(08)60509-X","volume":"55","author":"M Baggiolini","year":"1993","unstructured":"Baggiolini M, Dewald B, Moser B (1993) lnterleukin-8 and related chemotactic cytokines\u2014CXC and CC chemokines. Adv Immunol 55:97\u2013179. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0065-2776(08)60509-X","journal-title":"Adv Immunol"},{"key":"609_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1576","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1462-5822.2010.01490.x","volume":"12","author":"A Banerjee","year":"2010","unstructured":"Banerjee A, van Sorge NM, Sheen TR et al (2010) Activation of brain endothelium by pneumococcal neuraminidase NanA promotes bacterial internalization. Cell Microbiol 12:1576\u20131588. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1462-5822.2010.01490.x","journal-title":"Cell Microbiol"},{"key":"609_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms1474","volume":"2","author":"A Banerjee","year":"2011","unstructured":"Banerjee A, Kim BJ, Carmona EM et al (2011a) Bacterial Pili exploit integrin machinery to promote immune activation and efficient blood-brain barrier penetration. Nat Commun 2:462. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/ncomms1474","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"609_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms1474","author":"A Banerjee","year":"2011","unstructured":"Banerjee A, Kim BJ, Carmona EM et al (2011b) Bacterial Pili exploit integrin machinery to promote immune activation and efficient blood-brain barrier penetration. Nat Commun. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/ncomms1474","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"609_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2010.02.009","volume":"221","author":"T Barichello","year":"2010","unstructured":"Barichello T, dos Santos I, Savi GD et al (2010) TNF-\u03b1, IL-1\u03b2, IL-6, and cinc-1 levels in rat brain after meningitis induced by Streptococcus pneumoniae. J Neuroimmunol 221:42\u201345. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2010.02.009","journal-title":"J Neuroimmunol"},{"key":"609_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1922","DOI":"10.1007\/s11064-011-0514-2","volume":"36","author":"T Barichello","year":"2011","unstructured":"Barichello T, Lemos JC, Generoso JS et al (2011a) Oxidative stress, cytokine\/chemokine and disruption of blood-brain barrier in neonate rats after meningitis by streptococcus agalactiae. Neurochem Res 36:1922\u20131930. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11064-011-0514-2","journal-title":"Neurochem Res"},{"key":"609_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2010.10.035","volume":"233","author":"T Barichello","year":"2011","unstructured":"Barichello T, Pereira JS, Savi GD et al (2011b) A kinetic study of the cytokine\/chemokines levels and disruption of blood\u2013brain barrier in infant rats after pneumococcal meningitis. J Neuroimmunol 233:12\u201317. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2010.10.035","journal-title":"J Neuroimmunol"},{"key":"609_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1590\/S0004-282X2012000500011","volume":"70","author":"T Barichello","year":"2012","unstructured":"Barichello T, Generoso JS, Collodel A et al (2012a) Pathophysiology of acute meningitis caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae and adjunctive therapy approaches. Arq Neuropsiquiatr 70:366\u2013372. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1590\/S0004-282X2012000500011","journal-title":"Arq Neuropsiquiatr"},{"key":"609_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2005","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-011-1533-2","volume":"31","author":"T Barichello","year":"2012","unstructured":"Barichello T, Generoso JS, Silvestre C et al (2012b) Circulating concentrations, cerebral output of the CINC-1 and blood-brain barrier disruption in Wistar rats after pneumococcal meningitis induction. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 31:2005\u20132009. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10096-011-1533-2","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"609_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anpedi.2015.07.038","volume":"85","author":"JB Baucells","year":"2016","unstructured":"Baucells JB, Hally MM et al (2016) Probiotic associations in the prevention of necrotising enterocolitis and the reduction of late-onset sepsis and neonatal mortality in preterm infants under 1500 g. A systematic review. An Pediatr (Barc)JFigueras Aloy 85:247\u2013255. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.anpede.2015.07.021","journal-title":"An Pediatr (Barc)JFigueras Aloy"},{"key":"609_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1016\/j.copbio.2008.10.002","volume":"19","author":"C Bebbington","year":"2008","unstructured":"Bebbington C, Yarranton G (2008) Antibodies for the treatment of bacterial infections: current experience and future prospects. Curr Opin Biotechnol 19:613\u2013619","journal-title":"Curr Opin Biotechnol"},{"key":"609_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"901","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.76.6.901","volume":"76","author":"LM Bell","year":"1985","unstructured":"Bell LM, Alpert G, Campos JM, Plotkin SA (1985) Routine quantitative blood cultures in children with Haemophilus influenzae or Streptococcus pneumoniae bacteremia. Pediatrics 76:901\u2013904","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"609_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(95)00511-N","volume":"692","author":"D Biegel","year":"1995","unstructured":"Biegel D, Spencer DD, Pachter JS (1995) Isolation and culture of human brain microvessel endothelial cells for the study of blood-brain barrier properties in vitro. Brain Res 692:183\u2013189. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0006-8993(95)00511-N","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"609_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"660","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2014.11.015","volume":"45","author":"MA Brito","year":"2014","unstructured":"Brito MA, Palmela I, Cardoso FL et al (2014) Blood\u2013brain barrier and bilirubin: clinical aspects and experimental data. Arch Med Res 45:660\u2013676","journal-title":"Arch Med Res"},{"key":"609_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00070-09","volume":"23","author":"MC Brouwer","year":"2010","unstructured":"Brouwer MC, Tunkel AR, Van De Beek D (2010) Epidemiology, diagnosis, and antimicrobial treatment of acute bacterial meningitis. Clin Microbiol Rev 23:467\u2013492","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"609_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1167","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2011.3895","volume":"15","author":"A Carrano","year":"2011","unstructured":"Carrano A, Hoozemans JJM, van der Vies SM et al (2011) Amyloid beta induces oxidative stress-mediated blood\u2013brain barrier changes in capillary amyloid angiopathy. Antioxid Redox Signal 15:1167\u20131178. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/ars.2011.3895","journal-title":"Antioxid Redox Signal"},{"key":"609_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijfoodmicro.2007.10.005","volume":"121","author":"Y-C Chiang","year":"2008","unstructured":"Chiang Y-C, Liao W-W, Fan C-M et al (2008) PCR detection of Staphylococcal enterotoxins (SEs) N, O, P, Q, R, U, and survey of SE types in Staphylococcus aureus isolates from food-poisoning cases in Taiwan. Int J Food Microbiol 121:66\u201373. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijfoodmicro.2007.10.005","journal-title":"Int J Food Microbiol"},{"key":"609_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1762","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI40891","volume":"120","author":"JS Cho","year":"2010","unstructured":"Cho JS, Pietras EM, Garcia NC et al (2010) IL-17 is essential for host defense against cutaneous Staphylococcus aureus infection in mice. J Clin Invest 120:1762\u20131773. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1172\/JCI40891","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"609_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9531","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M705871200","volume":"283","author":"MC Chung","year":"2008","unstructured":"Chung MC, Popova TG, Jorgensen SC et al (2008) Degradation of circulating von Willebrand factor and its regulator ADAMTS13 implicates secreted Bacillus anthracis metalloproteases in anthrax consumptive coagulopathy. J Biol Chem 283:9531\u20139542. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1074\/jbc.M705871200","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"609_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.007427-0","volume":"58","author":"MC Chung","year":"2009","unstructured":"Chung MC, Jorgensen SC, Popova TG et al (2009) Activation of plasminogen activator inhibitor implicates protease InhA in the acute-phase response to Bacillus anthracis infection. J Med Microbiol 58:737\u2013744. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1099\/jmm.0.007427-0","journal-title":"J Med Microbiol"},{"key":"609_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1173196","volume":"325","author":"M Coureuil","year":"2009","unstructured":"Coureuil M, Mikaty G, Miller F et al (2009) Meningococcal type IV pili recruit the polarity complex to cross the brain endothelium. Science 325:83\u201387. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.1173196","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"609_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1149","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2010.11.035","volume":"143","author":"M Coureuil","year":"2010","unstructured":"Coureuil M, L\u00e9cuyer H, Scott MGH et al (2010) Meningococcus hijacks a \u03b22-adrenoceptor\/\u03b2-arrestin pathway to cross brain microvasculature endothelium. Cell 143:1149\u20131160. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cell.2010.11.035","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"609_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(82)91227-6","volume":"241","author":"C Crone","year":"1982","unstructured":"Crone C, Olesen SP (1982) Electrical resistance of brain microvascular endothelium. Brain Res 241:49\u201355. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0006-8993(82)91227-6","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"609_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1038\/377435a0","volume":"377","author":"DR Cundell","year":"1995","unstructured":"Cundell DR, Gerard NP, Gerard C et al (1995) Streptococcus pneumoniae anchor to activated human cells by the receptor for platelet-activating factor. Nature 377:435\u2013438. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/377435a0","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"609_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resmic.2012.10.012","volume":"163","author":"C Danne","year":"2012","unstructured":"Danne C, Dramsi S (2012) Pili of Gram-positive bacteria: roles in host colonization. Res Microbiol 163:645\u2013658. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.resmic.2012.10.012","journal-title":"Res Microbiol"},{"key":"609_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2008.01.010","volume":"29","author":"N Davoust","year":"2008","unstructured":"Davoust N, Vuaillat C, Androdias G, Nataf S (2008) From bone marrow to microglia: barriers and avenues. Trends Immunol 29:227\u2013234","journal-title":"Trends Immunol"},{"key":"609_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1793","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2004.07.009","volume":"56","author":"ECM De Lange","year":"2004","unstructured":"De Lange ECM (2004) Potential role of ABC transporters as a detoxification system at the blood-CSF barrier. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 56:1793\u20131809","journal-title":"Adv Drug Deliv Rev"},{"key":"609_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S460","DOI":"10.1097\/01.CCM.0000185500.11080.91","volume":"33","author":"CA Dinarello","year":"2005","unstructured":"Dinarello CA (2005) Interleukin-1. Crit Care Med 33:S460\u2013S462","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"609_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"736","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI200317335","volume":"112","author":"KS Doran","year":"2003","unstructured":"Doran KS, Liu GY, Nizet V (2003) Group B streptococcal \u03b2-hemolysin\/cytolysin activates neutrophil signaling pathways in brain endothelium and contributes to development of meningitis. J Clin Invest 112:736\u2013744. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1172\/JCI200317335","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"609_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2499","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI23829","volume":"115","author":"KS Doran","year":"2005","unstructured":"Doran KS, Engelson EJ, Khosravi A et al (2005) Blood-brain barrier invasion by group B. Streptococcus depends upon proper cell-surface anchoring of lipoteichoic acid. J Clin Invest 115:2499\u20132507. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1172\/JCI23829","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"609_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-015-1531-z","volume":"131","author":"KS Doran","year":"2016","unstructured":"Doran KS, Fulde M, Gratz N et al (2016) Host\u2013pathogen interactions in bacterial meningitis. Acta Neuropathol 131:185\u2013209","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol"},{"key":"609_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.17.2.323-347.2004","volume":"17","author":"DA Drevets","year":"2004","unstructured":"Drevets DA, Leenen PJM, Greenfield RA (2004) Invasion of the central nervous system by intracellular bacteria. Clin Microbiol Rev 17:323\u2013347","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"609_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7165","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.00903-09","volume":"191","author":"CM Ebrahimi","year":"2009","unstructured":"Ebrahimi CM, Kern JW, Sheen TR et al (2009) Penetration of the blood\u2013brain barrier by Bacillus anthracis requires the pXO1-encoded BslA protein. J Bacteriol 191:7165\u20137173. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/JB.00903-09","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"key":"609_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2510","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00006-11","volume":"79","author":"CM Ebrahimi","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ebrahimi CM, Sheen TR, Renken CW et al (2011) Contribution of lethal toxin and edema toxin to the pathogenesis of anthrax meningitis. Infect Immun 79:2510\u20132518. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/IAI.00006-11","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"609_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(11)61651-6","volume":"379","author":"KM Edmond","year":"2012","unstructured":"Edmond KM, Kortsalioudaki C, Scott S et al (2012) Group B streptococcal disease in infants aged younger than 3\u00a0months: systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet 379:547\u2013556. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(11)61651-6","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"609_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.1086\/432804","volume":"41","author":"MS Edwards","year":"2005","unstructured":"Edwards MS, Baker CJ (2005) Group B streptococcal infections in elderly adults. Clin Infect Dis an Off Publ Infect Dis Soc Am 41:839\u2013847. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1086\/432804","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis an Off Publ Infect Dis Soc Am"},{"key":"609_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2008.10.022","author":"TK Er","year":"2009","unstructured":"Er TK, Cheng BH, Gin\u00e9s M\u00c1R (2009) Importance of cerebrospinal fluid analysis in stat laboratory. Am J Emerg Med. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajem.2008.10.022","journal-title":"Am J Emerg Med"},{"key":"609_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2009.10.006","volume":"218","author":"N Esen","year":"2010","unstructured":"Esen N, Wagoner G, Philips N (2010) Evaluation of capsular and acapsular strains of S. aureus in an experimental brain abscess model. J Neuroimmunol 218:83\u201393. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2009.10.006","journal-title":"J Neuroimmunol"},{"key":"609_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1023","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.27.3.1023-1032.1980","volume":"27","author":"P Ferrieri","year":"1980","unstructured":"Ferrieri P, Burke B, Nelson J (1980) Production of bacteremia and meningitis in infant rats with group B streptococcal serotypes. Infect Immun 27:1023\u20131032","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"609_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1442-200X.2006.02152.x","volume":"48","author":"NM Fida","year":"2006","unstructured":"Fida NM, Al-Mughales J, Farouq M (2006) Interleukin-1alpha, interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha levels in children with sepsis and meningitis. Pediatr Int 48:118\u2013124. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1442-200X.2006.02152.x","journal-title":"Pediatr Int"},{"key":"609_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro3161","volume":"12","author":"TJ Foster","year":"2014","unstructured":"Foster TJ, Geoghegan JA, Ganesh VK, H\u00f6\u00f6k M (2014) Adhesion, invasion and evasion: the many functions of the surface proteins of Staphylococcus aureus. NatRevMicrobiol 12:49\u201362. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrmicro3161","journal-title":"NatRevMicrobiol"},{"key":"609_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1539","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.141.7.1539","volume":"141","author":"M Furuse","year":"1998","unstructured":"Furuse M, Fujita K, Hiiragi T et al (1998) Claudin-1 and -2: novel integral membrane proteins localizing at tight junctions with no sequence similarity to occludin. J Cell Biol 141:1539\u20131550. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1083\/jcb.141.7.1539","journal-title":"J Cell Biol"},{"key":"609_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17333","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1007765107","volume":"107","author":"E Gouin","year":"2010","unstructured":"Gouin E, Adib-Conquy M, Balestrino D et al (2010) The Listeria monocytogenes InlC protein interferes with innate immune responses by targeting the I{kappa}B kinase subunit IKK{alpha}. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 107:17333\u201317338. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.1007765107","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"609_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1266","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.74.2.1266-1272.2006","volume":"74","author":"Y Gozes","year":"2006","unstructured":"Gozes Y, Moayeri M, Wiggins JF, Leppla SH (2006) Anthrax lethal toxin induces ketotifen-sensitive intradermal vascular leakage in certain inbred mice. Infect Immun 74:1266\u20131272. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/IAI.74.2.1266-1272.2006","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"609_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"887","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.46288-0","volume":"55","author":"SJ Gray","year":"2006","unstructured":"Gray SJ, Trotter CL, Ramsay ME et al (2006) Epidemiology of meningococcal disease in England and Wales 1993\/94 to 2003\/04: contribution and experiences of the meningococcal reference unit. J Med Microbiol 55:887\u2013896. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1099\/jmm.0.46288-0","journal-title":"J Med Microbiol"},{"key":"609_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5260","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.66.11.5260-5267.1998","volume":"66","author":"L Greiffenberg","year":"1998","unstructured":"Greiffenberg L, Goebel W, Kim KS et al (1998) Interaction of Listeria monocytogenes with human brain microvascular endothelial cells: InlB-dependent invasion, long-term intracellular growth, and spread from macrophages to endothelial cells. Infect Immun 66:5260\u20135267","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"609_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3275","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.68.6.3275-3279.2000","volume":"68","author":"L Greiffenberg","year":"2000","unstructured":"Greiffenberg L, Goebel W, Kim KS et al (2000) Interaction of Listeria monocytogenes with human brain microvascular endothelial cells: an electron microscopic study. Infect Immun 68:3275\u20133279. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/IAI.68.6.3275-3279.2000","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"609_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2012.12.005","volume":"15","author":"T Gr\u00fcndler","year":"2013","unstructured":"Gr\u00fcndler T, Quednau N, Stump C et al (2013) The surface proteins InlA and InlB are interdependently required for polar basolateral invasion by Listeria monocytogenes in a human model of the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier. Microbes Infect 15:291\u2013301. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.micinf.2012.12.005","journal-title":"Microbes Infect"},{"key":"609_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02740665","volume":"15","author":"DL Gruol","year":"1997","unstructured":"Gruol DL, Nelson TE (1997) Physiological and pathological roles of interleukin-6 in the central nervous system. Mol Neurobiol 15:307\u2013339. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF02740665","journal-title":"Mol Neurobiol"},{"key":"609_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.00264-09","volume":"192","author":"E Guillemet","year":"2010","unstructured":"Guillemet E, Cadot C, Tran SL et al (2010) The InhA metalloproteases of Bacillus cereus contribute concomitantly to virulence. J Bacteriol 192:286\u2013294. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/JB.00264-09","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"key":"609_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1124\/pr.57.2.4","volume":"57","author":"BT Hawkins","year":"2005","unstructured":"Hawkins BT, Davis TP (2005) The blood\u2013brain barrier\/neurovascular unit in health and disease. Pharmacol Rev 57:173\u2013185. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1124\/pr.57.2.4","journal-title":"Pharmacol Rev"},{"key":"609_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1088","DOI":"10.1111\/1556-4029.12176","volume":"58","author":"M Heninger","year":"2013","unstructured":"Heninger M, Collins KA (2013) Acute bacterial meningitis with coincident methamphetamine use: a case report and review of the literature. J Forensic Sci 58:1088\u20131091. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1556-4029.12176","journal-title":"J Forensic Sci"},{"key":"609_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.2004.02611.x","volume":"138","author":"RA Hirst","year":"2004","unstructured":"Hirst RA, Kadioglu A, O\u2019Callaghan C, Andrew PW (2004) The role of pneumolysin in pneumococcal pneumonia and meningitis. Clin Exp Immunol 138:195\u2013201","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"609_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-5699(92)90153-X","volume":"13","author":"M Howard","year":"1992","unstructured":"Howard M, O\u2019Garra A (1992) Biological properties of interleukin 10. Immunol Today 13:198\u2013200. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0167-5699(92)90153-X","journal-title":"Immunol Today"},{"key":"609_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mlg.0000197316.36698.c4","volume":"116","author":"W-H Huang","year":"2006","unstructured":"Huang W-H, Hung P-K (2006) Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections in acute rhinosinusitis. Laryngoscope 116:288\u2013291. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/01.mlg.0000197316.36698.c4","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"609_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4470","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.63.11.4470-4475.1995","volume":"63","author":"SH Huang","year":"1995","unstructured":"Huang SH, Wass C, Fu Q et al (1995) Escherichia coli invasion of brain microvascular endothelial cells in vitro and in vivo: molecular cloning and characterization of invasion gene ibe10. Infect Immun 63:4470\u20134475","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"609_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.49.1.47","volume":"49","author":"S Hudault","year":"2001","unstructured":"Hudault S, Guignot J, Servin AL (2001) Escherichia coli strains colonising the gastrointestinal tract protect germfree mice against Salmonella typhimurium infection. Gut 49:47\u201355. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/gut.49.1.47","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"609_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1179\/016164102101200627","volume":"24","author":"T Ichiyama","year":"2002","unstructured":"Ichiyama T, Isumi H, Yoshitomi T et al (2002) NF-kappaB activation in cerebrospinal fluid cells from patients with meningitis. Neurol Res 24:709\u2013712. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1179\/016164102101200627","journal-title":"Neurol Res"},{"key":"609_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2236","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.287.17.2236","volume":"287","author":"TV Inglesby","year":"2002","unstructured":"Inglesby TV, O\u2019Toole T, Henderson D et al (2002) Anthrax as a biological weapon, 2002. JAMA 287:2236. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.287.17.2236","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"609_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"870","DOI":"10.1111\/cmi.12129","volume":"15","author":"F Iovino","year":"2013","unstructured":"Iovino F, Brouwer MC, van de Beek D et al (2013a) Signalling or binding: the role of the platelet-activating factor receptor in invasive pneumococcal disease. Cell Microbiol 15:870\u2013881","journal-title":"Cell Microbiol"},{"key":"609_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0068408","author":"F Iovino","year":"2013","unstructured":"Iovino F, Orihuela CJ, Moorlag HE et al (2013b) Interactions between blood-borne Streptococcus pneumoniae and the blood\u2013brain barrier preceding meningitis. PLoS ONE. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0068408","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"609_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3555","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00046-14","volume":"82","author":"F Iovino","year":"2014","unstructured":"Iovino F, Molema G, Bijlsma JJE (2014) Platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1, a putative receptor for the adhesion of Streptococcus pneumoniae to the vascular endothelium of the blood-brain barrier. Infect Immun 82:3555\u20133566. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/IAI.00046-14","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"609_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2015.12.012","volume":"24","author":"F Iovino","year":"2016","unstructured":"Iovino F, Seinen J, Henriques-Normark B, van Dijl JM (2016) How does Streptococcus pneumoniae invade the brain? Trends Microbiol 24:307\u2013315. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tim.2015.12.012","journal-title":"Trends Microbiol"},{"key":"609_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1619","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20161668","volume":"214","author":"F Iovino","year":"2017","unstructured":"Iovino F, Engelen-Lee J-Y, Brouwer M et al (2017) pIgR and PECAM-1 bind to pneumococcal adhesins RrgA and PspC mediating bacterial brain invasion. J Exp Med 214:1619\u20131630. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1084\/jem.20161668","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"609_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1139","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI6310","volume":"104","author":"EN Janoff","year":"1999","unstructured":"Janoff EN, Fasching C, Orenstein JM et al (1999) Killing of Streptococcus pneumoniae by capsular polysaccharide-specific polymeric IgA, complement, and phagocytes. J Clin Invest 104:1139\u20131147. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1172\/JCI6310","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"609_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2009.12.004","volume":"91","author":"O Join-Lambert","year":"2010","unstructured":"Join-Lambert O, Morand PC, Carbonnelle E et al (2010) Mechanisms of meningeal invasion by a bacterial extracellular pathogen, the example of Neisseria meningitidis. Prog Neurobiol 91:130\u2013139","journal-title":"Prog Neurobiol"},{"key":"609_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"742","DOI":"10.1038\/nchembio.124","volume":"4","author":"CJ Kastrup","year":"2008","unstructured":"Kastrup CJ, Boedicker JQ, Pomerantsev AP et al (2008) Spatial localization of bacteria controls coagulation of human blood by \u201cquorum acting\u201d. Nat Chem Biol 4:742\u2013750. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nchembio.124","journal-title":"Nat Chem Biol"},{"key":"609_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6976.2006.00021.x","volume":"30","author":"S Kayal","year":"2006","unstructured":"Kayal S, Charbit A (2006) Listeriolysin O: a key protein of Listeria monocytogenes with multiple functions. FEMS Microbiol Rev 30:514\u2013529","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"609_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1407","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.2002.02973.x","volume":"44","author":"S Kayal","year":"2002","unstructured":"Kayal S, Lilienbaum A, Join-Lambert O et al (2002) Listeriolysin O secreted by Listeria monocytogenes induces NF-kappaB signalling by activating the IkappaB kinase complex. Mol Microbiol 44:1407\u20131419","journal-title":"Mol Microbiol"},{"key":"609_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1173","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1651","volume":"13","author":"H Kebir","year":"2007","unstructured":"Kebir H, Kreymborg K, Ifergan I et al (2007) Human TH17 lymphocytes promote blood\u2013brain barrier disruption and central nervous system inflammation. Nat Med 13:1173\u20131175. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nm1651","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"609_CR182","unstructured":"Kenneth JR, Ray CG (2004) Sherris Medical Microbiology"},{"key":"609_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.2009.06958.x","volume":"75","author":"J Kern","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kern J, Schneewind O (2010) BslA, the S-layer adhesin of B. anthracis, is a virulence factor for anthrax pathogenesis. Mol Microbiol 75:324\u2013332. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-2958.2009.06958.x","journal-title":"Mol Microbiol"},{"key":"609_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15607","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M112224200","volume":"277","author":"NA Khan","year":"2002","unstructured":"Khan NA, Wang Y, Kim KJ et al (2002) Cytotoxic necrotizing factor-1 contributes to Escherichia coli K1 invasion of the central nervous system. J Biol Chem 277:15607\u201315612. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1074\/jbc.M112224200","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"609_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)64575-0","volume":"157","author":"T Kielian","year":"2000","unstructured":"Kielian T, Hickey WF (2000) Proinflammatory cytokine, chemokine, and cellular adhesion molecule expression during the acute phase of experimental brain abscess development. Am J Pathol 157:647\u2013658. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)64575-0","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"609_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn1103","volume":"4","author":"KS Kim","year":"2003","unstructured":"Kim KS (2003) Pathogenesis of bacterial meningitis: from bacteraemia to neuronal injury. Nat Rev Neurosci 4:376. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrn1103","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"609_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro1952","volume":"6","author":"KS Kim","year":"2008","unstructured":"Kim KS (2008) Mechanisms of microbial traversal of the blood\u2013brain barrier. Nat Rev Microbiol 6:625\u2013634. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrmicro1952","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"key":"609_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1360","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M410176200","volume":"280","author":"KJ Kim","year":"2005","unstructured":"Kim KJ, Chung JW, Kim KS (2005) 67-kDa laminin receptor promotes internalization of cytotoxic necrotizing factor 1-expressing Escherichia coli K1 into human brain microvascular endothelial cells. J Biol Chem 280:1360\u20131368. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1074\/jbc.M410176200","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"609_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1006995910836","volume":"20","author":"U Kniesel","year":"2000","unstructured":"Kniesel U, Wolburg H (2000) Tight junctions of the blood-brain barrier. Cell Mol Neurobiol 20:57\u201376. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1023\/A:1006995910836","journal-title":"Cell Mol Neurobiol"},{"key":"609_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5185","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.157.11.5185","volume":"157","author":"U Koedel","year":"1996","unstructured":"Koedel U, Bernatowicz A, Frei K et al (1996) Systemically (but not intrathecally) administered IL-10 attenuates pathophysiologic alterations in experimental pneumococcal meningitis. J Immunol 157:5185\u20135191","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"609_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"721","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(02)00450-4","volume":"2","author":"U Koedel","year":"2002","unstructured":"Koedel U, Scheld WM, Pfister HW (2002) Pathogenesis and pathophysiology of pneumococcal meningitis. Lancet Infect Dis 2:721\u2013736","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"609_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1006\/mpat.1996.0114","volume":"22","author":"J Kolberg","year":"1997","unstructured":"Kolberg J, H\u00f8iby EA, Jantzen E (1997) Detection of the phosphorylcholine epitope in streptococci, Haemophilus and pathogenic Neisseriae by immunoblotting. Microb Pathog 22:321\u2013329. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1006\/mpat.1996.0114","journal-title":"Microb Pathog"},{"key":"609_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1042\/CS20060043","volume":"112","author":"JP Konsman","year":"2007","unstructured":"Konsman JP, Drukarch B, Van Dam A-M (2007) (Peri)vascular production and action of pro-inflammatory cytokines in brain pathology. Clin Sci 112:1\u201325. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1042\/CS20060043","journal-title":"Clin Sci"},{"key":"609_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1498","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/173.6.1498","volume":"173","author":"RF Kornelisse","year":"1996","unstructured":"Kornelisse RF, Savelkoul HF, Mulder PH et al (1996) Interleukin-10 and soluble tumor necrosis factor receptors in cerebrospinal fluid of children with bacterial meningitis. J Infect Dis 173:1498\u20131502","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"609_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.157.5.683","volume":"157","author":"Z Kronfol","year":"2000","unstructured":"Kronfol Z (2000) Cytokines and the brain: implications for clinical psychiatry. Am J Psychiatry 157:683\u2013694. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1176\/appi.ajp.157.5.683","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"609_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1080\/00365540110080403","volume":"34","author":"MH Kyaw","year":"2002","unstructured":"Kyaw MH, Christie P, Jones IG, Campbell H (2002) The changing epidemiology of bacterial meningitis and invasive non-meningitic bacterial disease in Scotland during the period 1983\u20131999. Scand J Infect Dis 34:289\u2013298. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00365540110080403","journal-title":"Scand J Infect Dis"},{"key":"609_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep29000","author":"SY Leclercq","year":"2016","unstructured":"Leclercq SY, Sullivan MJ, Ipe DS et al (2016) Pathogenesis of Streptococcus urinary tract infection depends on bacterial strain and \u03b2-hemolysin\/cytolysin that mediates cytotoxicity, cytokine synthesis, inflammation and virulence. Sci Rep. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/srep29000","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"609_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4667","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.168.9.4667","volume":"168","author":"MD Lehner","year":"2002","unstructured":"Lehner MD, Schwoebel F, Kotlyarov A et al (2002) Mitogen-activated protein kinase-activated protein kinase 2-deficient mice show increased susceptibility to Listeria monocytogenes infection. J Immunol 168:4667\u20134673","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"609_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"692","DOI":"10.1086\/514226","volume":"177","author":"SL Leib","year":"1998","unstructured":"Leib SL, Kim YS, Black SM et al (1998) Inducible nitric oxide synthase and the effect of aminoguanidine in experimental neonatal meningitis. J Infect Dis 177:692\u2013700","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"609_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.2010.07215.x","volume":"77","author":"A Lembo","year":"2010","unstructured":"Lembo A, Gurney MA, Burnside K et al (2010) Regulation of CovR expression in Group B Streptococcus impacts blood-brain barrier penetration. Mol Microbiol 77:431\u2013443. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-2958.2010.07215.x","journal-title":"Mol Microbiol"},{"key":"609_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"682","DOI":"10.1021\/jm00180a022","volume":"23","author":"VA Levin","year":"1980","unstructured":"Levin VA (1980) Relationship of octanol\/water partition coefficient and molecular weight to rat brain capillary permeability. J Med Chem 23:682\u2013684. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/jm00180a022","journal-title":"J Med Chem"},{"key":"609_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Maisey HC, Hensler M, Nizet V, Doran KS (2007) Group B streptococcal pilus proteins contribute to adherence to and invasion of brain microvascular endothelial cells. In: Journal of Bacteriology. pp\u00a01464\u20131467","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.01153-06"},{"key":"609_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"939","DOI":"10.1097\/00005537-200405000-00029","volume":"114","author":"CRA Manarey","year":"2004","unstructured":"Manarey CRA, Anand VK, Huang C (2004) Incidence of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus causing chronic rhinosinusitis. Laryngoscope 114:939\u2013941","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"609_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.2174\/156652408785747924","volume":"8","author":"H Marriott","year":"2008","unstructured":"Marriott H, Mitchell T, Dockrell D (2008) Pneumolysin: a double-edged sword during the host\u2013pathogen interaction. Curr Mol Med 8:497\u2013509. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/156652408785747924","journal-title":"Curr Mol Med"},{"key":"609_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.142.1.117","volume":"142","author":"I Mart\u00ecn-Padura","year":"1998","unstructured":"Mart\u00ecn-Padura I, Lostaglio S, Schneemann M et al (1998) Junctional adhesion molecule, a novel member of the immunoglobulin superfamily that distributes at intercellular junctions and modulates monocyte transmigration. J Cell Biol 142:117\u2013127. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1083\/jcb.142.1.117","journal-title":"J Cell Biol"},{"key":"609_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-8993(00)02254-X","volume":"866","author":"WG Mayhan","year":"2000","unstructured":"Mayhan WG (2000) Nitric oxide donor-induced increase in permeability of the blood-brain barrier. Brain Res 866:101\u2013108. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0006-8993(00)02254-X","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"609_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cmi.12664","author":"A McLoughlin","year":"2017","unstructured":"McLoughlin A, Rochfort KD, McDonnell CJ et al (2017) Staphylococcus aureus-mediated blood\u2013brain barrier injury: an in vitro human brain microvascular endothelial cell model. Cell Microbiol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/cmi.12664","journal-title":"Cell Microbiol"},{"key":"609_CR102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mib.2011.10.008","volume":"15","author":"K Melican","year":"2012","unstructured":"Melican K, Dumenil G (2012) Vascular colonization by Neisseria meningitidis. Curr Opin Microbiol 15:50\u201356","journal-title":"Curr Opin Microbiol"},{"key":"609_CR103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1394.023","volume":"1103","author":"SD Miller","year":"2007","unstructured":"Miller SD, McMahon EJ, Schreiner B, Bailey SL (2007) Antigen presentation in the CNS by myeloid dendritic cells drives progression of relapsing experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Ann NY Acad Sci 1103:179\u2013191","journal-title":"Ann NY Acad Sci"},{"key":"609_CR104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiochem.2009.09.023","volume":"43","author":"D Miric","year":"2010","unstructured":"Miric D, Katanic R, Kisic B et al (2010) Oxidative stress and myeloperoxidase activity during bacterial meningitis: effects of febrile episodes and the BBB permeability. Clin Biochem 43:246\u2013252. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clinbiochem.2009.09.023","journal-title":"Clin Biochem"},{"key":"609_CR105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1462-5822.2009.01379.x","volume":"12","author":"R Mittal","year":"2010","unstructured":"Mittal R, Prasadarao NV (2010) Nitric oxide\/cGMP signalling induces Escherichia coli K1 receptor expression and modulates the permeability in human brain endothelial cell monolayers during invasion. Cell Microbiol 12:67\u201383. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1462-5822.2009.01379.x","journal-title":"Cell Microbiol"},{"key":"609_CR106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"979","DOI":"10.1097\/01.CCM.0000162494.84354.9D","volume":"33","author":"K M\u00f8ller","year":"2005","unstructured":"M\u00f8ller K, Tofteng F, Qvist T et al (2005) Cerebral output of cytokines in patients with pneumococcal meningitis. Crit Care Med 33:979\u2013983. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/01.CCM.0000162494.84354.9D","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"609_CR107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"632","DOI":"10.1080\/00365540310016259","volume":"35","author":"P Moreillon","year":"2003","unstructured":"Moreillon P, Majcherczyk PA (2003) Proinflammatory activity of cell-wall constituents from Gram-positive bacteria. Scand J Infect Dis 35:632\u2013641. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00365540310016259","journal-title":"Scand J Infect Dis"},{"key":"609_CR108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2017.09.001","volume":"159","author":"RP Moura","year":"2017","unstructured":"Moura RP, Almeida A, Sarmento B (2017) The role of non-endothelial cells on the penetration of nanoparticles through the blood\u2013brain barrier. Prog Neurobiol 159:39\u201349. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2017.09.001","journal-title":"Prog Neurobiol"},{"key":"609_CR109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0017921","author":"DV Mukherjee","year":"2011","unstructured":"Mukherjee DV, Tonry JH, Kim KS et al (2011) Bacillus anthracis protease InhA increases blood\u2013brain barrier permeability and contributes to cerebral hemorrhages. PLoS ONE. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0017921","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"609_CR110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02874171","volume":"30","author":"E Murawska-Cialowicz","year":"2000","unstructured":"Murawska-Cialowicz E, Szychowska Z, Tr busiewicz B (2000) Nitric oxide production during bacterial and viral meningitis in children. Int J Clin Lab Res 30:127\u2013131","journal-title":"Int J Clin Lab Res"},{"key":"609_CR111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2008.02.060","volume":"436","author":"G Nagesh Babu","year":"2008","unstructured":"Nagesh Babu G, Kumar A, Kalita J, Misra UK (2008) Proinflammatory cytokine levels in the serum and cerebrospinal fluid of tuberculous meningitis patients. Neurosci Lett 436:48\u201351. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neulet.2008.02.060","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"},{"key":"609_CR112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1007\/s10753-014-0026-8","volume":"38","author":"A Nandi","year":"2015","unstructured":"Nandi A, Dey S, Biswas J et al (2015) Differential induction of inflammatory cytokines and reactive oxygen species in murine peritoneal macrophages and resident fresh bone marrow cells by acute Staphylococcus aureus infection: contribution of toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2). Inflammation 38:224\u2013244. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10753-014-0026-8","journal-title":"Inflammation"},{"key":"609_CR113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16294","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M111999200","volume":"277","author":"I Nasdala","year":"2002","unstructured":"Nasdala I, Wolburg-Buchholz K, Wolburg H et al (2002) A transmembrane tight junction protein selectively expressed on endothelial cells and platelets. J Biol Chem 277:16294\u201316303. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1074\/jbc.M111999200","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"609_CR114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5074","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.65.12.5074-5081.1997","volume":"65","author":"V Nizet","year":"1997","unstructured":"Nizet V, Kim KS, Stins M et al (1997) Invasion of brain microvascular endothelial cells by group B streptococci. Infect Immun 65:5074\u20135081","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"609_CR115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.176.1.484","volume":"176","author":"B Opitz","year":"2006","unstructured":"Opitz B, P\u00fcschel A, Beermann W et al (2006) Listeria monocytogenes activated p38 MAPK and induced IL-8 secretion in a nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain 1-dependent manner in endothelial cells. J Immunol 176:484\u2013490. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4049\/jimmunol.176.1.484","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"609_CR116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1638","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI36759","volume":"119","author":"CJ Orihuela","year":"2009","unstructured":"Orihuela CJ, Mahdavi J, Thornton J et al (2009) Laminin receptor initiates bacterial contact with the blood brain barrier in experimental meningitis models. J Clin Invest 119:1638\u20131646. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1172\/JCI36759","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"609_CR117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1212","DOI":"10.1086\/423852","volume":"190","author":"C \u00d8stergaard","year":"2004","unstructured":"\u00d8stergaard C, Brandt C, Konradsen HB, Samuelsson S (2004) Differences in survival, brain damage, and cerebrospinal fluid cytokine kinetics due to meningitis caused by 3 different Streptococcus pneumoniae serotypes: evaluation in humans and in 2 experimental models. J Infect Dis 190:1212\u20131220. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1086\/423852","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"609_CR118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.1998.00776.x","volume":"28","author":"SK Parida","year":"1998","unstructured":"Parida SK, Domann E, Ronde M et al (1998) Internalin B is essential for adhesion and mediates the invasion of Listera monocytognes into human endothelial cells. Mol Microbiol 28:81\u201393. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1046\/j.1365-2958.1998.00776.x","journal-title":"Mol Microbiol"},{"key":"609_CR119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1097\/00006454-199102000-00008","volume":"10","author":"F Parizzi","year":"1991","unstructured":"Parizzi F, Garlaschi L, Assael BM et al (1991) Interleukin 6 activity in infants and children with bacterial meningitis. the collaborative study on meningitis. Pediatr Infect Dis J 10:117\u2013121","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"key":"609_CR120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-695X.2006.00170.x","volume":"49","author":"WB Park","year":"2007","unstructured":"Park WB, Kim S-H, Cho JH et al (2007) Effect of salicylic acid on invasion of human vascular endothelial cells by Staphylococcus aureus. FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol 49:56\u201361","journal-title":"FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol"},{"key":"609_CR121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"865","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/165.5.865","volume":"165","author":"D Patrick","year":"1992","unstructured":"Patrick D, Betts J, Frey EA et al (1992) Haemophilus influenzae lipopolysaccharide disrupts confluent monolayers of bovine brain endothelial cells via a serum-dependent cytotoxic pathway. J Infect Dis 165:865\u2013872. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/infdis\/165.5.865","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"609_CR122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1873","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awg171","volume":"126","author":"R Paul","year":"2003","unstructured":"Paul R, Koedel U, Winkler F et al (2003) Lack of IL-6 augments inflammatory response but decreases vascular permeability in bacterial meningitis. Brain 126:1873\u20131882. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/brain\/awg171","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"609_CR123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.13.2.302-317.2000","volume":"13","author":"H Peltola","year":"2000","unstructured":"Peltola H (2000) Worldwide Haemophilus influenzae type b disease at the beginning of the 21st century: global analysis of the disease burden 25 years after the use of the polysaccharide vaccine and a decade after the advent of conjugates. Clin Microbiol Rev 13:302\u2013317","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"609_CR124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4556","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.70.8.4556","volume":"70","author":"NV Prasadarao","year":"2002","unstructured":"Prasadarao NV (2002) Identification of Escherichia coli outer membrane protein A receptor on human brain microvascular endothelial cells. InfectImmun 70:4556\u20134563. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/IAI.70.8.4556","journal-title":"InfectImmun"},{"key":"609_CR125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6352","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.169.11.6352","volume":"169","author":"NV Prasadarao","year":"2002","unstructured":"Prasadarao NV, Blom AM, Villoutreix BO, Linsangan LC (2002) A novel interaction of outer membrane protein A with C4b binding protein mediates serum resistance of Escherichia coli K1. J Immunol 169:6352\u20136360. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4049\/jimmunol.169.11.6352","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"609_CR126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1007\/s00441-013-1779-3","volume":"355","author":"JR Privratsky","year":"2014","unstructured":"Privratsky JR, Newman PJ (2014) PECAM-1: regulator of endothelial junctional integrity. Cell Tissue Res 355:607\u2013619","journal-title":"Cell Tissue Res"},{"key":"609_CR127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1084","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI112407","volume":"77","author":"VJ Quagliarello","year":"1986","unstructured":"Quagliarello VJ, Long WJ, Scheld WM (1986) Morphologic alterations of the blood\u2013brain barrier with experimental meningitis in the rat. Temporal sequence and role of encapsulation. J Clin Invest 77:1084\u20131095. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1172\/JCI112407","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"609_CR128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1360","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI115140","volume":"87","author":"VJ Quagliarello","year":"1991","unstructured":"Quagliarello VJ, Wispelwey B, Long WJ, Scheld WM (1991) Recombinant human interleukin-1 induces meningitis and blood-brain barrier injury in the rat: characterization and comparison with tumor necrosis factor. J Clin Invest 87:1360\u20131366. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1172\/JCI115140","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"609_CR129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7827","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.73.12.7827-7835.2005","volume":"73","author":"JN Radin","year":"2005","unstructured":"Radin JN, Orihuela CJ, Murti G et al (2005) \u03b2-arrestin 1 participates in platelet-activating factor receptor-mediated endocytosis of Streptococcus pneumoniae. Infect Immun 73:7827\u20137835. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/IAI.73.12.7827-7835.2005","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"609_CR130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1357","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1462-5822.2005.00562.x","volume":"7","author":"N Ramarao","year":"2005","unstructured":"Ramarao N, Lereclus D (2005) The InhA 1 metalloprotease allows spores of the B. cereus group to escape macrophages. Cell Microbiol 7:1357\u20131364. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1462-5822.2005.00562.x","journal-title":"Cell Microbiol"},{"key":"609_CR131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI2406","volume":"102","author":"A Ring","year":"1998","unstructured":"Ring A, Weiser JN, Tuomanen EI (1998) Pneumococcal trafficking across the blood\u2013brain barrier molecular analysis of a novel bidirectional pathway. J Clin Invest 102:347\u2013360. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1172\/JCI2406","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"609_CR132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mvr.2015.04.010","volume":"100","author":"KD Rochfort","year":"2015","unstructured":"Rochfort KD, Cummins PM (2015) Cytokine-mediated dysregulation of zonula occludens-1 properties in human brain microvascular endothelium. Microvasc Res 100:48\u201353. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mvr.2015.04.010","journal-title":"Microvasc Res"},{"key":"609_CR133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.1111\/jnc.13408","volume":"136","author":"KD Rochfort","year":"2016","unstructured":"Rochfort KD, Collins LE, McLoughlin A, Cummins PM (2016) Tumour necrosis factor-\u03b1-mediated disruption of cerebrovascular endothelial barrier integrity in vitro involves the production of proinflammatory interleukin-6. J Neurochem 136:564\u2013572. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jnc.13408","journal-title":"J Neurochem"},{"key":"609_CR134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"932","DOI":"10.1111\/1574-6976.12071","volume":"38","author":"M Rosa-Fraile","year":"2014","unstructured":"Rosa-Fraile M, Dramsi S, Spellerberg B (2014) Group B streptococcal haemolysin and pigment, a tale of twins. FEMS Microbiol Rev 38:932\u2013946. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1574-6976.12071","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"609_CR135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(95)01089-0","volume":"703","author":"GA Rosenberg","year":"1995","unstructured":"Rosenberg GA, Estrada EY, Dencoff JE, Stetler-Stevenson WG (1995) Tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1-induced gelatinase B causes delayed opening of the blood\u2013brain barrier: an expanded therapeutic window. Brain Res 703:151\u2013155. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0006-8993(95)01089-0","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"609_CR136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2003","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI115527","volume":"88","author":"X Saez-Llorens","year":"1991","unstructured":"Saez-Llorens X, Jafari HS, Severien C et al (1991) Enhanced attenuation of meningeal inflammation and brain edema by concomitant administration of anti-CD18 monoclonal antibodies and dexamethasone in experimental Haemophilus meningitis. J Clin Invest 88:2003\u20132011. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1172\/JCI115527","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"609_CR137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2843","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.175.5.2843","volume":"175","author":"B Schmeck","year":"2005","unstructured":"Schmeck B, Beermann W, van Laak V et al (2005) Intracellular bacteria differentially regulated endothelial cytokine release by MAPK-dependent histone modification. J Immunol 175:2843\u20132850","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"609_CR138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1000874","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1000874","volume":"6","author":"A Schubert-Unkmeir","year":"2010","unstructured":"Schubert-Unkmeir A, Konrad C, Slanina H et al (2010) Neisseria meningitidis induces brain microvascular endothelial cell detachment from the matrix and cleavage of occludin: a role for MMP-8. PLoS Pathog 6:e1000874. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.ppat.1000874","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"key":"609_CR139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"970","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199710023371404","volume":"337","author":"a Schuchat","year":"1997","unstructured":"Schuchat a, Robinson K, Wenger JD et al (1997) Bacterial meningitis in the United States in 1995. Active surveillance team. N Engl J Med 337:970\u2013976. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJM199710023371404","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"609_CR140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0072-9752(09)96001-8","volume":"96","author":"J Sellner","year":"2010","unstructured":"Sellner J, T\u00e4uber MG, Leib SL (2010) Pathogenesis and pathophysiology of bacterial CNS infections. Handb Clin Neurol 96:1\u201316. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0072-9752(09)96001-8","journal-title":"Handb Clin Neurol"},{"key":"609_CR141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1002947","author":"HS Seo","year":"2012","unstructured":"Seo HS, Mu R, Kim BJ et al (2012) Binding of glycoprotein Srr1 of Streptococcus agalactiae to fibrinogen promotes attachment to brain endothelium and the development of meningitis. PLoS Pathog. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.ppat.1002947","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"key":"609_CR142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1007\/s00109-010-0630-5","volume":"88","author":"TR Sheen","year":"2010","unstructured":"Sheen TR, Ebrahimi CM, Hiemstra IH et al (2010) Penetration of the blood\u2013brain barrier by Staphylococcus aureus: contribution of membrane-anchored lipoteichoic acid. J Mol Med 88:633\u2013639. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00109-010-0630-5","journal-title":"J Mol Med"},{"key":"609_CR143","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1153","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1462-5822.2004.00422.x","volume":"6","author":"O Sokolova","year":"2004","unstructured":"Sokolova O, Heppel N, J\u00e4gerhuber R et al (2004) Interaction of Neisseria meningitidis with human brain microvascular endothelial cells: Role of MAP- and tyrosine kinases in invasion and inflammatory cytokine release. Cell Microbiol 6:1153\u20131166. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1462-5822.2004.00422.x","journal-title":"Cell Microbiol"},{"key":"609_CR144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.1996.6241331.x","volume":"21","author":"JW St Geme 3rd","year":"1996","unstructured":"St Geme 3rd JW, Cutter D (1996) Influence of pili, fibrils, and capsule on in vitro adherence by Haemophilus influenzae type b. Mol Microbiol 21:21\u201331","journal-title":"Mol Microbiol"},{"key":"609_CR145","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.1995.tb02222.x","volume":"15","author":"JW St. Geme","year":"1995","unstructured":"St. Geme JW, Cutter D (1995) Evidence that surface fibrils expressed by Haemophilus influenzae type b promote attachment to human epithelial cells. Mol Microbiol 15:77\u201385","journal-title":"Mol Microbiol"},{"key":"609_CR146","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"941","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(98)00279-7","volume":"353","author":"DS Stephens","year":"1999","unstructured":"Stephens DS (1999) Uncloaking the meningococcus: dynamics of carriage and disease. Lancet 353:941","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"609_CR147","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6976.2006.00051.x","volume":"31","author":"DS Stephens","year":"2007","unstructured":"Stephens DS (2007) Conquering the meningococcus. FEMS Microbiol Rev 31:3\u201314","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"609_CR148","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1295","DOI":"10.1086\/379042","volume":"188","author":"SK Sukumaran","year":"2003","unstructured":"Sukumaran SK, Prasadarao NV (2003) Escherichia coli K1 invasion increases human brain microvascular endothelial cell monolayer permeability by disassembling vascular-endothelial cadherins at tight junctions. J Infect Dis 188:1295\u20131309. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1086\/379042","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"609_CR149","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1462-5822.2001.00132.x","volume":"3","author":"WE Swords","year":"2001","unstructured":"Swords WE, Ketterer MR, Shao J et al (2001) Binding of the non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae lipooligosaccharide to the PAF receptor initiates host cell signalling. Cell Microbiol 3:525\u2013536. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1046\/j.1462-5822.2001.00132.x","journal-title":"Cell Microbiol"},{"key":"609_CR150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1091\/mbc.5.4.455","volume":"5","author":"P Tang","year":"1994","unstructured":"Tang P, Rosenshine I, Finlay BB (1994) Listeria monocytogenes, an invasive bacterium, stimulates MAP kinase upon attachment to epithelial cells. Mol Biol Cell 5:455\u2013464","journal-title":"Mol Biol Cell"},{"key":"609_CR151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1106","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.66.3.1106-1112.1998","volume":"66","author":"P Tang","year":"1998","unstructured":"Tang P, Sutherland CL, Gold MR, Finlay BB (1998) Listeria monocytogenes invasion of epithelial cells requires the MEK-1\/ERK-2 mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway. Infect Immun 66:1106\u20131112","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"609_CR152","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2313","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20092594","volume":"207","author":"A Tazi","year":"2010","unstructured":"Tazi A, Disson O, Bellais S et al (2010) The surface protein HvgA mediates group B streptococcus hypervirulence and meningeal tropism in neonates. J Exp Med 207:2313\u20132322. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1084\/jem.20092594","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"609_CR153","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro2298","volume":"8","author":"O Tenaillon","year":"2010","unstructured":"Tenaillon O, Skurnik D, Picard B, Denamur E (2010) The population genetics of commensal Escherichia coli. NatRevMicrobiol 8:207\u2013217. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrmicro2298","journal-title":"NatRevMicrobiol"},{"key":"609_CR154","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2923","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.73.5.2923-2931.2005","volume":"73","author":"CH Teng","year":"2005","unstructured":"Teng CH, Cai M, Shin S et al (2005) Escherichia coli K1 RS218 interacts with human brain microvascular endothelial cells via type 1 fimbria bacteria in the fimbriated state. Infect Immun 73:2923\u20132931. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/IAI.73.5.2923-2931.2005","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"609_CR155","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1038\/35067088","volume":"2","author":"S Tsukita","year":"2001","unstructured":"Tsukita S, Furuse M, Itoh M (2001) Multifunctional strands in tight junctions. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2:285\u2013293. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/35067088","journal-title":"Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol"},{"key":"609_CR156","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"959","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.170.3.959","volume":"170","author":"EI Tuomanen","year":"1989","unstructured":"Tuomanen EI, Saukkonen K, Sande S et al (1989) Reduction of inflammation, tissue damage, and mortality in bacterial meningitis in rabbits treated with monoclonal antibodies against adhesion-promoting receptors of leukocytes. J Exp Med 170:959\u2013969","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"609_CR157","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1845","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20090386","volume":"206","author":"S Uchiyama","year":"2009","unstructured":"Uchiyama S, Carlin AF, Khosravi A et al (2009) The surface-anchored NanA protein promotes pneumococcal brain endothelial cell invasion. J Exp Med 206:1845\u20131852. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1084\/jem.20090386","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"609_CR158","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.2217\/fmb.12.1","volume":"7","author":"NM van Sorge","year":"2012","unstructured":"van Sorge NM, Doran KS (2012) Defense at the border: the blood\u2013brain barrier versus bacterial foreigners. Future Microbiol 7:383\u2013394. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2217\/fmb.12.1","journal-title":"Future Microbiol"},{"key":"609_CR159","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0002964","author":"NM van Sorge","year":"2008","unstructured":"van Sorge NM, Ebrahimi CM, McGillivray SM et al (2008) Anthrax toxins inhibit neutrophil signaling pathways in brain endothelium and contribute to the pathogenesis of meningitis. PLoS ONE. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0002964","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"609_CR160","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1479","DOI":"10.1086\/598217","volume":"199","author":"NM van Sorge","year":"2009","unstructured":"van Sorge NM, Quach D, Gurney M et al (2009) The group B streptococcal serine-rich repeat 1 glycoprotein mediates penetration of the blood\u2013brain barrier. J Infect Dis 199:1479\u20131487. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1086\/598217","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"609_CR161","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra052116","volume":"354","author":"D van de Beek","year":"2006","unstructured":"van de Beek D, de Gans J, Tunkel AR, Wijdicks EFM (2006) Community-acquired Bacterial meningitis in adults. N Engl J Med 354:44\u201353. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/qjmed\/hcl131","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"609_CR162","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1086\/514062","volume":"176","author":"T van der Poll","year":"1997","unstructured":"van der Poll T, Keogh CV, Guirao X et al (1997) Interleukin-6 gene-deficient mice show impaired defense against Pneumococcal pneumonia. J Infect Dis 176:439\u2013444. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1086\/514062","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"609_CR163","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"584","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.14.3.584-640.2001","volume":"14","author":"JA V\u00e1zquez-Boland","year":"2001","unstructured":"V\u00e1zquez-Boland JA, Kuhn M, Berche P et al (2001) Listeria pathogenesis and molecular virulence determinants. Clin Microbiol Rev 14:584\u2013640","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"609_CR164","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro2097","volume":"7","author":"M Virji","year":"2009","unstructured":"Virji M (2009) Pathogenic neisseriae: surface modulation, pathogenesis and infection control. Nat Rev Microbiol 7:274\u2013286","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"key":"609_CR165","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1177\/003335490512000211","volume":"120","author":"RL Vogt","year":"2005","unstructured":"Vogt RL, Dippold L (2005) Escherichia coli O157:H7 outbreak associated with consumption of ground beef, June\u2013July 2002. Public Health Rep 120:174\u2013178. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/003335490512000211","journal-title":"Public Health Rep"},{"key":"609_CR166","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s11010-012-1415-7","volume":"371","author":"J Wang","year":"2012","unstructured":"Wang J, Sun L, Si YF, Li BM (2012) Overexpression of actin-depolymerizing factor blocks oxidized low-density lipoprotein-induced mouse brain microvascular endothelial cell barrier dysfunction. Mol Cell Biochem 371:1\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11010-012-1415-7","journal-title":"Mol Cell Biochem"},{"key":"609_CR167","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1871","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)62496-0","volume":"166","author":"JM Warfel","year":"2005","unstructured":"Warfel JM, Steele AD, D\u2019Agnillo F (2005) Anthrax lethal toxin induces endothelial barrier dysfunction. Am J Pathol 166:1871\u20131881. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)62496-0","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"609_CR168","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"903","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)61203-4","volume":"374","author":"JP Watt","year":"2009","unstructured":"Watt JP, Wolfson LJ, O\u2019Brien KL et al (2009) Burden of disease caused by Haemophilus influenzae type b in children younger than 5 years: global estimates. Lancet 374:903\u2013911. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)61203-4","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"609_CR169","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.187.4.631","volume":"187","author":"JN Weiser","year":"1998","unstructured":"Weiser JN, Pan N, McGowan KL et al (1998) Phosphorylcholine on the lipopolysaccharide of Haemophilus influenzae contributes to persistence in the respiratory tract and sensitivity to serum killing mediated by C-reactive protein. J Exp Med 187:631\u2013640. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1084\/jem.187.4.631","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"609_CR170","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"842","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbamem.2008.10.022","volume":"1788","author":"N Weiss","year":"2009","unstructured":"Weiss N, Miller F, Cazaubon S, Couraud PO (2009) The blood\u2013brain barrier in brain homeostasis and neurological diseases. Biochim Biophys Acta 1788:842\u2013857","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta"},{"key":"609_CR171","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6504","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.70.11.6504-6508.2002","volume":"70","author":"A Wellmer","year":"2002","unstructured":"Wellmer A, Zysk G, Gerber J et al (2002) Decreased virulence of a pneumolysin-deficient strain of Streptococcus pneumoniae in murine meningitis. Infect Immun 70:6504\u20136508. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/IAI.70.11.6504-6508.2002","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"609_CR172","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1265","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20122753","volume":"210","author":"C Whidbey","year":"2013","unstructured":"Whidbey C, Harrell MI, Burnside K et al (2013) A hemolytic pigment of Group B Streptococcus allows bacterial penetration of human placenta. J Exp Med 210:1265\u20131281. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1084\/jem.20122753","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"609_CR173","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"488","DOI":"10.15252\/emmm.201404883","volume":"7","author":"C Whidbey","year":"2015","unstructured":"Whidbey C, Vornhagen J, Gendrin C et al (2015) A streptococcal lipid toxin induces membrane permeabilization and pyroptosis leading to fetal injury. EMBO Mol Med 7:488\u2013505. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15252\/emmm.201404883","journal-title":"EMBO Mol Med"},{"key":"609_CR174","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1749","DOI":"10.1086\/320730","volume":"183","author":"F Winkler","year":"2001","unstructured":"Winkler F, Koedel U, Kastenbauer S, Pfister H-W (2001) Differential expression of nitric oxide synthases in bacterial meningitis: role of the inducible isoform for blood\u2013brain barrier breakdown. J Infect Dis 183:1749\u20131759. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1086\/320730","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"609_CR175","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1016\/S1537-1891(02)00200-8","volume":"38","author":"H Wolburg","year":"2002","unstructured":"Wolburg H, Lippoldt A (2002) Tight junctions of the blood\u2013brain barrier: development, composition and regulation. Vascul Pharmacol 38:323\u2013337","journal-title":"Vascul Pharmacol"},{"key":"609_CR176","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-004-0928-x","volume":"109","author":"H Wolburg","year":"2005","unstructured":"Wolburg H, Wolburg-Buchholz K, Engelhardt B (2005) Diapedesis of mononuclear cells across cerebral venules during experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis leaves tight junctions intact. Acta Neuropathol 109:181\u2013190. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00401-004-0928-x","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol"},{"key":"609_CR177","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mri.2008.06.010","volume":"27","author":"A Yadav","year":"2009","unstructured":"Yadav A, Malik GK, Trivedi R et al (2009) Correlation of CSF neuroinflammatory molecules with leptomeningeal cortical subcortical white matter fractional anisotropy in neonatal meningitis. Magn Reson Imaging 27:214\u2013221. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mri.2008.06.010","journal-title":"Magn Reson Imaging"},{"key":"609_CR178","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"827","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)00071-4","volume":"102","author":"JR Zhang","year":"2000","unstructured":"Zhang JR, Mostov KE, Lamm ME et al (2000) The polymeric immunoglobulin receptor translocates pneumococci across human nasopharyngeal epithelial cells. Cell 102:827\u2013837. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)00071-4","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"609_CR179","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1243","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.05994-11","volume":"80","author":"Y Zhou","year":"2012","unstructured":"Zhou Y, Tao J, Yu H et al (2012) Hcp family proteins secreted via the type VI secretion system coordinately regulate Escherichia coli K1 interaction with human brain microvascular endothelial cells. Infect Immun 80:1243\u20131251. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/IAI.05994-11","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"609_CR180","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2276","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.71.4.2276-2279.2003","volume":"71","author":"PJG Zwijnenburg","year":"2003","unstructured":"Zwijnenburg PJG, Van der Poll T, Florquin S et al (2003) Interleukin-10 negatively regulates local cytokine and chemokine production but does not influence antibacterial host defense during murine Pneumococcal meningitis. Infect Immun 71:2276\u20132279. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/IAI.71.4.2276-2279.2003","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"609_CR181","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.69.2.845-852.2001","volume":"69","author":"G Zysk","year":"2001","unstructured":"Zysk G, Schneider-Wald BK, Hwang JH et al (2001) Pneumolysin is the main inducer of cytotoxicity to brain microvascular endothelial cells caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae. Infect Immun 69:845\u2013852. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/IAI.69.2.845-852.2001","journal-title":"Infect Immun"}],"container-title":["Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10571-018-0609-2\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10571-018-0609-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10571-018-0609-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,8]],"date-time":"2025-04-08T18:23:52Z","timestamp":1744136632000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10571-018-0609-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,16]]},"references-count":182,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,10]]}},"alternative-id":["609"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10571-018-0609-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["0272-4340","1573-6830"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0272-4340","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-6830","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,16]]},"assertion":[{"value":"20 March 2018","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"6 August 2018","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 August 2018","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with Ethical Standards"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}