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Here, we used a modified chronic headache pain model to investigate the contribution of single prolonged stress (SPS) model of PTSD with sodium nitroprusside (SNP)-induced hyperalgesia. Injection of SNP (2\u00a0mg\/kg, i.p.) occurred every other day from day 7 to day 15 after initiation of SPS in rats. Paw withdrawal threshold (PWT) to von Frey stimuli and tail flick latencies (TFL) dramatically decreased as early as 7\u00a0days after SPS and lasted until at least day 21. Basal PWT and TFL also significantly decreased during the SNP treatment period. The lower nociceptive thresholds recovered in 6\u00a0days following the final SNP injection in SNP group, but not in SPS\u2009+\u2009SNP group. Elevated nociceptin\/OFQ (N\/OFQ) levels observed in cerebrospinal fluid of SPS rats were even higher in SPS\u2009+\u2009SNP group. Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and N\/OFQ peptide (NOP) receptor mRNA expression increased in dorsal root ganglia (DRG) 21\u00a0days after SPS exposure; mRNA increases in the SPS\/SNP group was more pronounced than SPS or SNP alone. GFAP protein expression was upregulated in trigeminal ganglia by SPS. Our results indicate that traumatic stress exaggerated chronic SNP-induced nociceptive hypersensitivity, and that N\/OFQ and activated satellite glia cells may play an important role in the interaction between both conditions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10571-020-00962-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,15]],"date-time":"2020-09-15T07:02:38Z","timestamp":1600153358000},"page":"1009-1018","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Exacerbated Headache-Related Pain in the Single Prolonged Stress Preclinical Model of Post-traumatic Stress Disorder"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Yong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3246-8703","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kelly M.","family":"Standifer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"962_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000001953","author":"A Avona","year":"2020","unstructured":"Avona A, Mason BN, Lackovic J, Wajahat N, Motina M, Quigley L, Burgos-Vega C, Loomis CM, Garcia-Martinez LF, Akopian AN, Price TJ, Dussor G (2020) Repetitive stress in mice causes migraine-like behaviors and CGRP-dependent hyperalgesic priming to a migraine trigger. 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