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These elastin fibers display incredible resilience and structural stability with long half-life. However, during some physiological and pathophysiological conditions, elastin is prone to proteolytic degradation and, due to the extremely low turnover rate, its degradation is practically an irreversible and irreparable phenomenon. As a result of elastin degradation, new peptides called elastin-derived peptides (EDPs) are formed. A growing body of evidence suggests that these peptides play an important role in the development of age-related vascular disease. They are also detected in the cerebrospinal fluid of healthy people, and their amount increases in patients after ischemic stroke. Recently, elastin-like polypeptides have been reported to induce overproduction of beta-amyloid in a model of Alzheimer's disease. Nevertheless, the role and mechanism of action of EDPs in the nervous system is largely unknown and limited to only a few studies. The article summarizes the current state of knowledge on the role of EDPs in the nervous system.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10571-021-01140-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,10]],"date-time":"2021-08-10T11:32:23Z","timestamp":1628595143000},"page":"2473-2487","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Elastin-Derived Peptides in the Central Nervous System: Friend or Foe"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"42","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2207-1160","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Konrad A.","family":"Szychowski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7833-9985","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bartosz","family":"Sk\u00f3ra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5819-6654","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna K.","family":"W\u00f3jtowicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"1140_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-069X-5-24","volume":"5","author":"E Akahoshi","year":"2006","unstructured":"Akahoshi E, Yoshimura S, Ishihara-Sugano M (2006) Over-expression of AhR (aryl hydrocarbon receptor) induces neural differentiation of Neuro2a cells: neurotoxicology study. 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