{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T02:57:42Z","timestamp":1792119462111,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":240,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,22]],"date-time":"2025-10-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761091200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,22]],"date-time":"2025-10-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761091200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cell Mol Neurobiol"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s10571-025-01609-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,22]],"date-time":"2025-10-22T08:30:29Z","timestamp":1761121829000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Short-Chain Fatty Acids as a Therapeutic Strategy in Parkinson\u2019s Disease: Implications for Neurodegeneration"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"45","author":[{"given":"Abinash","family":"Ravi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suganiya","family":"Umapathy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ieshita","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"1609_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-021-00280-3","volume":"7","author":"D Aarsland","year":"2021","unstructured":"Aarsland D, Batzu L, Halliday GM et al (2021) Parkinson disease-associated cognitive impairment. Nat Rev Dis Prim 7:47. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41572-021-00280-3","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Prim"},{"key":"1609_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2023.110851","volume":"388","author":"KA Abdelhalim","year":"2024","unstructured":"Abdelhalim KA (2024) Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) from gastrointestinal disorders, metabolism, epigenetics, central nervous system to cancer - a mini-review. Chem Biol Interact 388:110851. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cbi.2023.110851","journal-title":"Chem Biol Interact"},{"key":"1609_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2022.2102878","author":"H Ahmed","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ahmed H, Leyrolle Q, Koistinen V et al (2022) Microbiota-derived metabolites as drivers of gut\u2013brain communication. Gut Microbes. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/19490976.2022.2102878","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"key":"1609_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2021.11.005","volume":"8","author":"M Akhtar","year":"2022","unstructured":"Akhtar M, Chen Y, Ma Z et al (2022) Gut microbiota-derived short chain fatty acids are potential mediators in gut inflammation. Anim Nutr 8:350\u2013360. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.aninu.2021.11.005","journal-title":"Anim Nutr"},{"key":"1609_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2637","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-51985-w","volume":"14","author":"AS Alatrany","year":"2024","unstructured":"Alatrany AS, Khan W, Hussain A et al (2024) An explainable machine learning approach for Alzheimer\u2019s disease classification. Sci Rep 14:2637. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-024-51985-w","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"1609_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-43682-x","volume":"13","author":"MT Allaart","year":"2023","unstructured":"Allaart MT, Fox BB, Nettersheim IHMS et al (2023) Physiological and stoichiometric characterization of ethanol-based chain elongation in the absence of short-chain carboxylic acids. Sci Rep 13:17370. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-023-43682-x","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"1609_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"001","DOI":"10.29328\/journal.ibm.1001027","volume":"8","author":"A Amaan","year":"2024","unstructured":"Amaan A, Prekshi G, Prachi S (2024) Microbiome-gut-brain axis: AI insights. Insights Biol Med 8:001\u2013010. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.29328\/journal.ibm.1001027","journal-title":"Insights Biol Med"},{"key":"1609_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/CIA.S6456","author":"A Antonini","year":"2010","unstructured":"Antonini A (2010) Levodopa in the treatment of Parkinson\u2019s disease: an old drug still going strong. Clin Interv Aging. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/CIA.S6456","journal-title":"Clin Interv Aging"},{"key":"1609_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1339","DOI":"10.1007\/s13311-020-00889-4","volume":"17","author":"SD Aradi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Aradi SD, Hauser RA (2020) Medical management and prevention of motor complications in Parkinson\u2019s disease. Neurotherapeutics 17:1339\u20131365. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13311-020-00889-4","journal-title":"Neurotherapeutics"},{"key":"1609_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules28145415","volume":"28","author":"RA Arias-S\u00e1nchez","year":"2023","unstructured":"Arias-S\u00e1nchez RA, Torner L, Fenton Navarro B (2023) Polyphenols and neurodegenerative diseases: potential effects and mechanisms of neuroprotection. Molecules 28:5415. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/molecules28145415","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"1609_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.3233\/JPD-181331","volume":"8","author":"TM Axelsen","year":"2018","unstructured":"Axelsen TM, Woldbye DPD (2018) Gene therapy for Parkinson\u2019s disease, an update. J Parkinsons Dis 8:195\u2013215. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/JPD-181331","journal-title":"J Parkinsons Dis"},{"key":"1609_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41531-021-00215-5","volume":"7","author":"F Baert","year":"2021","unstructured":"Baert F, Matthys C, Maselyne J et al (2021) Parkinson\u2019s disease patients\u2019 short chain fatty acids production capacity after in vitro fecal fiber fermentation. NPJ Parkinsons Dis 7:72. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41531-021-00215-5","journal-title":"NPJ Parkinsons Dis"},{"key":"1609_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13024-022-00522-2","volume":"17","author":"D Bairamian","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bairamian D, Sha S, Rolhion N et al (2022) Microbiota in neuroinflammation and synaptic dysfunction: a focus on Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Mol Neurodegener 17:19. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13024-022-00522-2","journal-title":"Mol Neurodegener"},{"key":"1609_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms9040697","volume":"9","author":"V Baldelli","year":"2021","unstructured":"Baldelli V, Scaldaferri F, Putignani L, Del Chierico F (2021) The role of Enterobacteriaceae in gut microbiota dysbiosis in inflammatory bowel diseases. Microorganisms 9:697. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/microorganisms9040697","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"key":"1609_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25063198","volume":"25","author":"L Barcutean","year":"2024","unstructured":"Barcutean L, Maier S, Burai-Patrascu M et al (2024) The immunomodulatory potential of short-chain fatty acids in multiple sclerosis. Int J Mol Sci 25:3198. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms25063198","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"1609_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"G529","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00058.2020","volume":"319","author":"Y Bhattarai","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bhattarai Y, Kashyap PC (2020) Parkinson\u2019s disease: are gut microbes involved? Am J Physiol Liver Physiol 319:G529\u2013G540. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/ajpgi.00058.2020","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Liver Physiol"},{"key":"1609_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mod.2015.07.007","volume":"138","author":"M Blanchette","year":"2015","unstructured":"Blanchette M, Daneman R (2015) Formation and maintenance of the BBB. Mech Dev 138:8\u201316. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mod.2015.07.007","journal-title":"Mech Dev"},{"key":"1609_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1358\/dot.2010.46.7.1463530","volume":"46","author":"B Boroojerdi","year":"2010","unstructured":"Boroojerdi B, Wolff H-M, Braun M, Scheller DKA (2010) Rotigotine transdermal patch for the treatment of Parkinson\u2019s disease and restless legs syndrome. Drugs Today 46:483. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1358\/dot.2010.46.7.1463530","journal-title":"Drugs Today"},{"key":"1609_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2016.02.009","volume":"625","author":"MW Bourassa","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bourassa MW, Alim I, Bultman SJ, Ratan RR (2016) Butyrate, neuroepigenetics and the gut microbiome: can a high fiber diet improve brain health? Neurosci Lett 625:56\u201363. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neulet.2016.02.009","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"},{"key":"1609_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1038\/s41568-021-00363-z","volume":"21","author":"D Briukhovetska","year":"2021","unstructured":"Briukhovetska D, D\u00f6rr J, Endres S et al (2021) Interleukins in cancer: from biology to therapy. Nat Rev Cancer 21:481\u2013499. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41568-021-00363-z","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cancer"},{"key":"1609_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-nutr-071715-050738","volume":"36","author":"ME Brosnan","year":"2016","unstructured":"Brosnan ME, Brosnan JT (2016) Formate: The Neglected Member of One-Carbon Metabolism. Annu Rev Nutr 36:369\u2013388. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1146\/annurev-nutr-071715-050738","journal-title":"Annu Rev Nutr"},{"key":"1609_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1406","DOI":"10.1007\/s13311-020-00942-2","volume":"17","author":"EG Brown","year":"2020","unstructured":"Brown EG, Goldman SM (2020) Modulation of the microbiome in Parkinson\u2019s disease: diet, drug, stool transplant, and beyond. Neurotherapeutics 17:1406\u20131417. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13311-020-00942-2","journal-title":"Neurotherapeutics"},{"key":"1609_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42045","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.3c04862","volume":"8","author":"J Burns","year":"2023","unstructured":"Burns J, Buck AC, D\u2019 Souza S et al (2023) Nanophytomedicines as therapeutic agents for Parkinson\u2019s disease. ACS Omega 8:42045\u201342061. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acsomega.3c04862","journal-title":"ACS Omega"},{"key":"1609_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2819","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-27086-x","volume":"13","author":"ME Caetano-Silva","year":"2023","unstructured":"Caetano-Silva ME, Rund L, Hutchinson NT et al (2023) Inhibition of inflammatory microglia by dietary fiber and short-chain fatty acids. Sci Rep 13:2819. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-022-27086-x","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"1609_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines11020294","volume":"11","author":"C Campbell","year":"2023","unstructured":"Campbell C, Kandalgaonkar MR, Golonka RM et al (2023) Crosstalk between gut microbiota and host immunity: impact on inflammation and immunotherapy. Biomedicines 11:294. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/biomedicines11020294","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"key":"1609_CR26","first-page":"203","volume":"28","author":"M Carabotti","year":"2015","unstructured":"Carabotti M, Scirocco A, Maselli MA, Severi C (2015) The gut-brain axis: interactions between enteric microbiota, central and enteric nervous systems. Ann Gastroenterol 28:203\u2013209","journal-title":"Ann Gastroenterol"},{"key":"1609_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"955","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox12040955","volume":"12","author":"S Chakrabarti","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chakrabarti S, Bisaglia M (2023) Oxidative stress and neuroinflammation in Parkinson\u2019s disease: the role of dopamine oxidation products. Antioxidants 12:955. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/antiox12040955","journal-title":"Antioxidants"},{"key":"1609_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7415","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2020-19820","volume":"104","author":"YH Chang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chang YH, Jeong CH, Cheng WN et al (2021) Quality characteristics of yogurts fermented with short-chain fatty acid-producing probiotics and their effects on mucin production and probiotic adhesion onto human colon epithelial cells. J Dairy Sci 104:7415\u20137425. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3168\/jds.2020-19820","journal-title":"J Dairy Sci"},{"key":"1609_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2099","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13062099","volume":"13","author":"Y Chen","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chen Y, Xu J, Chen Y (2021a) Regulation of neurotransmitters by the gut microbiota and effects on cognition in neurological disorders. Nutrients 13:2099. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu13062099","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"1609_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2021.625913","author":"Y Chen","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chen Y, Zhou J, Wang L (2021b) Role and mechanism of gut microbiota in human disease. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fcimb.2021.625913","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol"},{"key":"1609_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines11030783","volume":"11","author":"T-S Chen","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chen T-S, Huang T-H, Lai M-C, Huang C-W (2023) The role of glutamate receptors in epilepsy. Biomedicines 11:783. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/biomedicines11030783","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"key":"1609_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.2174\/1871527321666211231100255","volume":"22","author":"ZX Chew","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chew ZX, Lim CL, Ng KY et al (2023) The role of monoamine oxidase B inhibitors in the treatment of Parkinson\u2019s disease - an update. CNS Neurol Disord-Drug Targets 22:329\u2013352. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/1871527321666211231100255","journal-title":"CNS Neurol Disord-Drug Targets"},{"key":"1609_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.3233\/JPD-160812","volume":"6","author":"Y Chu","year":"2016","unstructured":"Chu Y, Morfini GA, Kordower JH (2016) Alterations in activity-dependent neuroprotective protein in sporadic and experimental Parkinson\u2019s disease. J Parkinsons Dis 6:77\u201397. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/JPD-160812","journal-title":"J Parkinsons Dis"},{"key":"1609_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.59826","author":"AV Colombo","year":"2021","unstructured":"Colombo AV, Sadler RK, Llovera G et al (2021) Microbiota-derived short chain fatty acids modulate microglia and promote A\u03b2 plaque deposition. Elife. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7554\/eLife.59826","journal-title":"Elife"},{"key":"1609_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.578386","author":"F Cristofori","year":"2021","unstructured":"Cristofori F, Dargenio VN, Dargenio C et al (2021) Anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects of probiotics in gut inflammation: a door to the body. Front Immunol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2021.578386","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"1609_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1655","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13051655","volume":"13","author":"P Cronin","year":"2021","unstructured":"Cronin P, Joyce SA, O\u2019Toole PW, O\u2019Connor EM (2021) Dietary fibre modulates the gut microbiota. Nutrients 13:1655. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu13051655","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"1609_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1812","DOI":"10.1038\/s41564-024-01698-7","volume":"9","author":"WM De Vos","year":"2024","unstructured":"De Vos WM, Nguyen Trung M, Davids M et al (2024) Phytate metabolism is mediated by microbial cross-feeding in the gut microbiota. Nat Microbiol 9:1812\u20131827. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41564-024-01698-7","journal-title":"Nat Microbiol"},{"key":"1609_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2021.103293","volume":"66","author":"S Deleu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Deleu S, Machiels K, Raes J et al (2021) Short chain fatty acids and its producing organisms: an overlooked therapy for IBD? EBioMedicine 66:103293. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ebiom.2021.103293","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"key":"1609_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2325","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.R036012","volume":"54","author":"G den Besten","year":"2013","unstructured":"den Besten G, van Eunen K, Groen AK et al (2013) The role of short-chain fatty acids in the interplay between diet, gut microbiota, and host energy metabolism. J Lipid Res 54:2325\u20132340. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1194\/jlr.R036012","journal-title":"J Lipid Res"},{"key":"1609_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1007\/s11739-023-03374-w","volume":"19","author":"F Di Vincenzo","year":"2024","unstructured":"Di Vincenzo F, Del Gaudio A, Petito V et al (2024) Gut microbiota, intestinal permeability, and systemic inflammation: a narrative review. Intern Emerg Med 19:275\u2013293. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11739-023-03374-w","journal-title":"Intern Emerg Med"},{"key":"1609_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms10091838","volume":"10","author":"LMT Dicks","year":"2022","unstructured":"Dicks LMT (2022) Gut bacteria and neurotransmitters. Microorganisms 10:1838. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/microorganisms10091838","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"key":"1609_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2015.01.004","volume":"5","author":"L Ding","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ding L, Yang L, Wang Z, Huang W (2015) Bile acid nuclear receptor FXR and digestive system diseases. Acta Pharm Sin B 5:135\u2013144. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.apsb.2015.01.004","journal-title":"Acta Pharm Sin B"},{"key":"1609_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2023.115276","volume":"165","author":"H Duan","year":"2023","unstructured":"Duan H, Wang L, Huangfu M, Li H (2023) The impact of microbiota-derived short-chain fatty acids on macrophage activities in disease: mechanisms and therapeutic potentials. Biomed Pharmacother 165:115276. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biopha.2023.115276","journal-title":"Biomed Pharmacother"},{"key":"1609_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.1007\/s12264-023-01123-9","volume":"40","author":"W-X Duan","year":"2024","unstructured":"Duan W-X, Wang F, Liu J-Y, Liu C-F (2024) Relationship between short-chain fatty acids and Parkinson\u2019s disease: a review from pathology to clinic. Neurosci Bull 40:500\u2013516. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12264-023-01123-9","journal-title":"Neurosci Bull"},{"issue":"1","key":"1609_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5160","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-40874-x","volume":"14","author":"G Ecklu-Mensah","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ecklu-Mensah G, Choo-Kang C, Maseng MG et al (2023) Gut microbiota and fecal short chain fatty acids differ with adiposity and country of origin: the METS-Microbiome Study. Nat Commun 14(1):5160","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"1609_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1282","DOI":"10.1111\/febs.17102","volume":"292","author":"MN Ekwudo","year":"2025","unstructured":"Ekwudo MN, Gubert C, Hannan AJ (2025) The microbiota\u2013gut\u2013brain axis in Huntington\u2019s disease: pathogenic mechanisms and therapeutic targets. FEBS J 292:1282\u20131315. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/febs.17102","journal-title":"FEBS J"},{"key":"1609_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2024.1388401","author":"JD Elford","year":"2024","unstructured":"Elford JD, Becht N, Garssen J et al (2024) Buty and the beast: the complex role of butyrate in Parkinson\u2019s disease. Front Pharmacol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fphar.2024.1388401","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"key":"1609_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2018.00612","author":"FN Emamzadeh","year":"2018","unstructured":"Emamzadeh FN, Surguchov A (2018) Parkinson\u2019s disease: biomarkers, treatment, and risk factors. Front Neurosci. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnins.2018.00612","journal-title":"Front Neurosci"},{"key":"1609_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2260","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2021.10.010","volume":"33","author":"D Erny","year":"2021","unstructured":"Erny D, Dokalis N, Mez\u00f6 C et al (2021) Microbiota-derived acetate enables the metabolic fitness of the brain innate immune system during health and disease. Cell Metab 33:2260-2276.e7. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cmet.2021.10.010","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"key":"1609_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2023.114414","volume":"160","author":"C Feng","year":"2023","unstructured":"Feng C, Jin C, Liu K, Yang Z (2023) Microbiota-derived short chain fatty acids: their role and mechanisms in viral infections. Biomed Pharmacother 160:114414. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biopha.2023.114414","journal-title":"Biomed Pharmacother"},{"key":"1609_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.3390\/cells12040657","volume":"12","author":"E Fock","year":"2023","unstructured":"Fock E, Parnova R (2023) Mechanisms of blood-brain barrier protection by microbiota-derived short-chain fatty acids. Cells 12:657. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cells12040657","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"1609_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3611","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms4611","volume":"5","author":"G Frost","year":"2014","unstructured":"Frost G, Sleeth ML, Sahuri-Arisoylu M et al (2014) The short-chain fatty acid acetate reduces appetite via a central homeostatic mechanism. Nat Commun 5:3611. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/ncomms4611","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"1609_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2211","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15092211","volume":"15","author":"W Fusco","year":"2023","unstructured":"Fusco W, Lorenzo MB, Cintoni M et al (2023) Short-chain fatty-acid-producing bacteria: key components of the human gut microbiota. Nutrients 15:2211. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu15092211","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"1609_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2489","DOI":"10.1038\/s41423-021-00757-x","volume":"18","author":"I Galea","year":"2021","unstructured":"Galea I (2021) The blood\u2013brain barrier in systemic infection and inflammation. Cell Mol Immunol 18:2489\u20132501. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41423-021-00757-x","journal-title":"Cell Mol Immunol"},{"key":"1609_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1093\/advances\/nmz127","volume":"11","author":"K Gao","year":"2020","unstructured":"Gao K, Mu C, Farzi A, Zhu W (2020) Tryptophan metabolism: a link between the gut microbiota and brain. Adv Nutr 11:709\u2013723. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/advances\/nmz127","journal-title":"Adv Nutr"},{"key":"1609_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.61186\/nl.2.2.55","volume":"2","author":"A Gholamzad","year":"2023","unstructured":"Gholamzad A, Sadeghi H, Azizabadi Farahani M et al (2023) Neural stem cell therapies: promising treatments for neurodegenerative diseases. Neurol Lett 2:55\u201368. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.61186\/nl.2.2.55","journal-title":"Neurol Lett"},{"key":"1609_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/MAH-23-0015","author":"S Ghosh","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ghosh S, Nukavarapu SP, Jala VR (2023) Effects of heavy metals on gut barrier integrity and gut microbiota. Microbiota Host. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1530\/MAH-23-0015","journal-title":"Microbiota Host"},{"key":"1609_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"G889","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00161.2019","volume":"318","author":"M Giuffr\u00e8","year":"2020","unstructured":"Giuffr\u00e8 M, Campigotto M, Campisciano G et al (2020) A story of liver and gut microbes: how does the intestinal flora affect liver disease? A review of the literature. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 318:G889\u2013G906. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/ajpgi.00161.2019","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol"},{"key":"1609_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2018.08.015","volume":"105","author":"KEM Godfrey","year":"2018","unstructured":"Godfrey KEM, Gardner AC, Kwon S et al (2018) Differences in excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitter levels between depressed patients and healthy controls: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Psychiatr Res 105:33\u201344. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2018.08.015","journal-title":"J Psychiatr Res"},{"key":"1609_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2020.00356","author":"M G\u00f3mez-Benito","year":"2020","unstructured":"G\u00f3mez-Benito M, Granado N, Garc\u00eda-Sanz P et al (2020) Modeling Parkinson\u2019s disease with the alpha-synuclein protein. Front Pharmacol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fphar.2020.00356","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"key":"1609_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines10020371","volume":"10","author":"NA Gouda","year":"2022","unstructured":"Gouda NA, Elkamhawy A, Cho J (2022) Emerging therapeutic strategies for Parkinson\u2019s disease and future prospects: a 2021 update. Biomedicines 10:371. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/biomedicines10020371","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"key":"1609_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.23950\/jcmk\/15943","volume":"22","author":"M Grigolashvili","year":"2025","unstructured":"Grigolashvili M, Seryogina A, Beisembayeva M et al (2025) The role of activation of the tryptophan-kynurenine axis in the pathogenesis of acute cerebrovascular diseases: a literature review. J Clin Med Kaz 22:22\u201328. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.23950\/jcmk\/15943","journal-title":"J Clin Med Kaz"},{"key":"1609_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exger.2023.112319","volume":"183","author":"SK Gupta","year":"2023","unstructured":"Gupta SK, Vyavahare S, Duchesne Blanes IL et al (2023) Microbiota-derived tryptophan metabolism: impacts on health, aging, and disease. Exp Gerontol 183:112319. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.exger.2023.112319","journal-title":"Exp Gerontol"},{"key":"1609_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4110\/in.2021.21.e20","author":"M-G Gwak","year":"2021","unstructured":"Gwak M-G, Chang S-Y (2021) Gut-brain connection: microbiome, gut barrier, and environmental sensors. Immune Netw. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4110\/in.2021.21.e20","journal-title":"Immune Netw"},{"key":"1609_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0159223","volume":"11","author":"S Hald","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hald S, Schioldan AG, Moore ME et al (2016) Effects of arabinoxylan and resistant starch on intestinal microbiota and short-chain fatty acids in subjects with metabolic syndrome: a randomised crossover study. PLoS ONE 11:e0159223. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0159223","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"1609_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines10020436","volume":"10","author":"S Hamamah","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hamamah S, Aghazarian A, Nazaryan A et al (2022) Role of microbiota-gut-brain axis in regulating dopaminergic signaling. Biomedicines 10:436. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/biomedicines10020436","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"key":"1609_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurot.2024.e00462","volume":"21","author":"AM Hamilton","year":"2024","unstructured":"Hamilton AM, Krout IN, White AC, Sampson TR (2024) Microbiome-based therapeutics for Parkinson\u2019s disease. Neurotherapeutics 21:e00462. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neurot.2024.e00462","journal-title":"Neurotherapeutics"},{"key":"1609_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2024.106773","volume":"205","author":"A-S Hartke","year":"2025","unstructured":"Hartke A-S, Schreiber CS, Lau K et al (2025) Alpha-synuclein pathology enhances peripheral and CNS immune responses to bacterial endotoxins. Neurobiol Dis 205:106773. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.nbd.2024.106773","journal-title":"Neurobiol Dis"},{"key":"1609_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6356","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21176356","volume":"21","author":"J He","year":"2020","unstructured":"He J, Zhang P, Shen L et al (2020) Short-chain fatty acids and their association with signalling pathways in inflammation, glucose and lipid metabolism. Int J Mol Sci 21:6356. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms21176356","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"1609_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20236020","volume":"20","author":"U Heinemann","year":"2019","unstructured":"Heinemann U, Schuetz A (2019) Structural features of tight-junction proteins. Int J Mol Sci 20:6020. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms20236020","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"1609_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4365","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15204365","volume":"15","author":"FS Heravi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Heravi FS, Naseri K, Hu H (2023) Gut microbiota composition in patients with neurodegenerative disorders (Parkinson\u2019s and Alzheimer\u2019s) and healthy controls: a systematic review. Nutrients 15:4365. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu15204365","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"1609_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2017.1290756","volume":"8","author":"HD Holscher","year":"2017","unstructured":"Holscher HD (2017) Dietary fiber and prebiotics and the gastrointestinal microbiota. Gut Microbes 8:172\u2013184. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/19490976.2017.1290756","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"key":"1609_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7014","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.204266","volume":"14","author":"C-T Hong","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hong C-T, Chen J-H, Huang T-W (2022) Probiotics treatment for Parkinson disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials. Aging (Albany NY) 14:7014\u20137025. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18632\/aging.204266","journal-title":"Aging (Albany NY)"},{"key":"1609_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1753-4887.2011.00388.x","volume":"69","author":"E Hosseini","year":"2011","unstructured":"Hosseini E, Grootaert C, Verstraete W, Van de Wiele T (2011) Propionate as a health-promoting microbial metabolite in the human gut. Nutr Rev 69:245\u2013258. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1753-4887.2011.00388.x","journal-title":"Nutr Rev"},{"key":"1609_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exger.2021.111376","volume":"150","author":"Y Hou","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hou Y, Li X, Liu C et al (2021) Neuroprotective effects of short-chain fatty acids in MPTP induced mice model of Parkinson\u2019s disease. Exp Gerontol 150:111376. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.exger.2021.111376","journal-title":"Exp Gerontol"},{"key":"1609_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1186\/s40168-018-0439-y","volume":"6","author":"L Hoyles","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hoyles L, Snelling T, Umlai U-K et al (2018) Microbiome\u2013host systems interactions: protective effects of propionate upon the blood\u2013brain barrier. Microbiome 6:55. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40168-018-0439-y","journal-title":"Microbiome"},{"key":"1609_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms10030578","volume":"10","author":"T Hrncir","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hrncir T (2022) Gut microbiota dysbiosis: triggers, consequences, diagnostic and therapeutic options. Microorganisms 10:578. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/microorganisms10030578","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"key":"1609_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2021.615075","author":"Y Huang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Huang Y, Liao J, Liu X et al (2021) The role of intestinal dysbiosis in Parkinson\u2019s disease. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fcimb.2021.615075","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol"},{"key":"1609_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2024.116601","volume":"175","author":"Y Huang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Huang Y, Wang YF, Miao J et al (2024) Short-chain fatty acids: important components of the gut-brain axis against AD. Biomed Pharmacother 175:116601. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biopha.2024.116601","journal-title":"Biomed Pharmacother"},{"key":"1609_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2022.910609","author":"J Isenring","year":"2022","unstructured":"Isenring J, Stevens MJA, Jans C et al (2022) Identification of valerate as carrying capacity modulator by analyzing Lactiplantibacillus plantarum colonization of colonic microbiota in vitro. Front Microbiol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmicb.2022.910609","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"1609_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2019.01245","author":"A Jackson","year":"2019","unstructured":"Jackson A, Forsyth CB, Shaikh M et al (2019) Diet in Parkinson\u2019s disease: critical role for the microbiome. Front Neurol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fneur.2019.01245","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"key":"1609_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-food-041715-033159","volume":"7","author":"SA Joyce","year":"2016","unstructured":"Joyce SA, Gahan CGM (2016) Bile acid modifications at the microbe-host interface: potential for nutraceutical and pharmaceutical interventions in host health. Annu Rev Food Sci Technol 7:313\u2013333. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1146\/annurev-food-041715-033159","journal-title":"Annu Rev Food Sci Technol"},{"key":"1609_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2024.103092","volume":"71","author":"B Kalyanaraman","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kalyanaraman B, Cheng G, Hardy M (2024) Gut microbiome, short-chain fatty acids, alpha-synuclein, neuroinflammation, and ROS\/RNS: relevance to Parkinson\u2019s disease and therapeutic implications. Redox Biol 71:103092. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.redox.2024.103092","journal-title":"Redox Biol"},{"key":"1609_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1007\/s10571-024-01496-z","volume":"44","author":"R Kearns","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kearns R (2024) Gut-brain axis and neuroinflammation: the role of gut permeability and the kynurenine pathway in neurological disorders. Cell Mol Neurobiol 44:64. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10571-024-01496-z","journal-title":"Cell Mol Neurobiol"},{"key":"1609_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1186\/s40035-022-00307-z","volume":"11","author":"K Khalaf","year":"2022","unstructured":"Khalaf K, Tornese P, Cocco A, Albanese A (2022) Tauroursodeoxycholic acid: a potential therapeutic tool in neurodegenerative diseases. Transl Neurodegener 11:33. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40035-022-00307-z","journal-title":"Transl Neurodegener"},{"key":"1609_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1038\/s41423-023-00987-1","volume":"20","author":"CH Kim","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kim CH (2023) Complex regulatory effects of gut microbial short-chain fatty acids on immune tolerance and autoimmunity. Cell Mol Immunol 20:341\u2013350. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41423-023-00987-1","journal-title":"Cell Mol Immunol"},{"key":"1609_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.advnut.2023.10.008","volume":"15","author":"C-S Kim","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kim C-S (2024) Roles of diet-associated gut microbial metabolites on brain health: cell-to-cell interactions between gut bacteria and the central nervous System. Adv Nutr 15:100136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.advnut.2023.10.008","journal-title":"Adv Nutr"},{"key":"1609_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00281-024-01012-x","volume":"46","author":"S Kim","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kim S, Seo S-U, Kweon M-N (2024) Gut microbiota-derived metabolites tune host homeostasis fate. Semin Immunopathol 46:2. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00281-024-01012-x","journal-title":"Semin Immunopathol"},{"key":"1609_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2022.2149019","author":"B Kircher","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kircher B, Woltemate S, Gutzki F et al (2022) Predicting butyrate- and propionate-forming bacteria of gut microbiota from sequencing data. Gut Microbes. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/19490976.2022.2149019","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"key":"1609_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2659","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-022-01511-z","volume":"27","author":"EG Knox","year":"2022","unstructured":"Knox EG, Aburto MR, Clarke G et al (2022) The blood-brain barrier in aging and neurodegeneration. Mol Psychiatry 27:2659\u20132673. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41380-022-01511-z","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"key":"1609_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1332","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2016.05.041","volume":"165","author":"A Koh","year":"2016","unstructured":"Koh A, De Vadder F, Kovatcheva-Datchary P, B\u00e4ckhed F (2016) From dietary fiber to host physiology: short-chain fatty acids as key bacterial metabolites. Cell 165:1332\u20131345. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cell.2016.05.041","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"1609_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.13275","author":"M Kumaresan","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kumaresan M, Khan S (2021) Spectrum of non-motor symptoms in Parkinson\u2019s disease. Cureus. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.13275","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"1609_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnmol.2022.889728","author":"S Lam","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lam S, Arif M, Song X et al (2022) Machine learning analysis reveals biomarkers for the detection of neurological diseases. Front Mol Neurosci. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnmol.2022.889728","journal-title":"Front Mol Neurosci"},{"key":"1609_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23031851","volume":"23","author":"RNL Lamptey","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lamptey RNL, Chaulagain B, Trivedi R et al (2022) A review of the common neurodegenerative disorders: current therapeutic approaches and the potential role of nanotherapeutics. Int J Mol Sci 23:1851. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms23031851","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"1609_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e26377","volume":"10","author":"Z Lan","year":"2024","unstructured":"Lan Z, Tang X, Lu M et al (2024) The role of short-chain fatty acids in central nervous system diseases: a bibliometric and visualized analysis with future directions. Heliyon 10:e26377. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e26377","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"1609_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fshw.2019.03.006","volume":"8","author":"KW Lange","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lange KW, Nakamura Y, Chen N et al (2019) Diet and medical foods in Parkinson\u2019s disease. Food Sci Hum Wellness 8:83\u201395. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fshw.2019.03.006","journal-title":"Food Sci Hum Wellness"},{"key":"1609_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3536","volume":"13","author":"V Lazarevic","year":"2013","unstructured":"Lazarevic V, Glimcher LH, Lord GM (2013) T-bet: a bridge between innate and adaptive immunity. Nat Rev Immunol 13:777\u2013789. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nri3536","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"1609_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.4062\/biomolther.2024.009","volume":"32","author":"B Lee","year":"2024","unstructured":"Lee B, Lee SM, Song JW, Choi JW (2024a) Gut microbiota metabolite messengers in brain function and pathology at a view of cell type-based receptor and enzyme reaction. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 32:403\u2013423. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4062\/biomolther.2024.009","journal-title":"Biomol Ther (Seoul)"},{"key":"1609_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2024.116735","volume":"175","author":"D-H Lee","year":"2024","unstructured":"Lee D-H, Kim M-T, Han J-H (2024b) GPR41 and GPR43: from development to metabolic regulation. Biomed Pharmacother 175:116735. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biopha.2024.116735","journal-title":"Biomed Pharmacother"},{"key":"1609_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1186\/s12934-022-01973-4","volume":"21","author":"P Li","year":"2022","unstructured":"Li P, Luo H, Ji B, Nielsen J (2022) Machine learning for data integration in human gut microbiome. Microb Cell Fact 21:241. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12934-022-01973-4","journal-title":"Microb Cell Fact"},{"key":"1609_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3001","DOI":"10.3390\/ani13193001","volume":"13","author":"Y Li","year":"2023","unstructured":"Li Y, Song W-J, Yi S-K et al (2023) Molecular cloning, tissue distribution, and pharmacological characterization of GPR84 in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). Animals 13:3001. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ani13193001","journal-title":"Animals"},{"key":"1609_CR102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e26991","volume":"10","author":"X Li","year":"2024","unstructured":"Li X, He M, Yi X et al (2024) Short-chain fatty acids in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: new prospects for short-chain fatty acids as therapeutic targets. Heliyon 10:e26991. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e26991","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"1609_CR103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0035240","volume":"7","author":"HV Lin","year":"2012","unstructured":"Lin HV, Frassetto A, Kowalik EJ Jr et al (2012) Butyrate and propionate protect against diet-induced obesity and regulate gut hormones via free fatty acid receptor 3-independent mechanisms. PLoS ONE 7:e35240. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0035240","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"1609_CR104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1093\/advances\/nmx009","volume":"9","author":"H Liu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Liu H, Wang J, He T et al (2018) Butyrate: a double-edged sword for health? Adv Nutr 9:21\u201329. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/advances\/nmx009","journal-title":"Adv Nutr"},{"key":"1609_CR105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14336\/AD.2022.0104","volume":"13","author":"J Liu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Liu J, Tan Y, Cheng H et al (2022) Functions of gut microbiota metabolites, current status and future perspectives. Aging Dis 13:1106. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14336\/AD.2022.0104","journal-title":"Aging Dis"},{"key":"1609_CR106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000037960","volume":"103","author":"J Liu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Liu J, Chen Q, Su R (2024) Interplay of human gastrointestinal microbiota metabolites: short-chain fatty acids and their correlation with Parkinson\u2019s disease. Medicine (Baltimore) 103:e37960. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/MD.0000000000037960","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"1609_CR107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-024-01743-1","volume":"9","author":"JS Loh","year":"2024","unstructured":"Loh JS, Mak WQ, Tan LKS et al (2024) Microbiota\u2013gut\u2013brain axis and its therapeutic applications in neurodegenerative diseases. Signal Transduct Target Ther 9:37. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41392-024-01743-1","journal-title":"Signal Transduct Target Ther"},{"key":"1609_CR108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mam.2017.06.002","volume":"56","author":"SL Long","year":"2017","unstructured":"Long SL, Gahan CGM, Joyce SA (2017) Interactions between gut bacteria and bile in health and disease. Mol Aspects Med 56:54\u201365. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mam.2017.06.002","journal-title":"Mol Aspects Med"},{"key":"1609_CR109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2024.117207","volume":"178","author":"S Lu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Lu S, Zhao Q, Guan Y et al (2024) The communication mechanism of the gut-brain axis and its effect on central nervous system diseases: a systematic review. Biomed Pharmacother 178:117207. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biopha.2024.117207","journal-title":"Biomed Pharmacother"},{"key":"1609_CR110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-08711-2","volume":"10","author":"M Luu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Luu M, Pautz S, Kohl V et al (2019) The short-chain fatty acid pentanoate suppresses autoimmunity by modulating the metabolic-epigenetic crosstalk in lymphocytes. Nat Commun 10:760. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-019-08711-2","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"1609_CR111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2021.09.012","volume":"9","author":"J Ma","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ma J, Piao X, Mahfuz S et al (2022) The interaction among gut microbes, the intestinal barrier and short chain fatty acids. Anim Nutr 9:159\u2013174. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.aninu.2021.09.012","journal-title":"Anim Nutr"},{"key":"1609_CR112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"04","DOI":"10.47203\/IJCH.2018.v30i01SUPP.003","volume":"30","author":"PB Mahajan","year":"2018","unstructured":"Mahajan PB, Bs RK, Kapil U, Ramadass B (2018) Supplementation of higher doses of iron in programmes to control anaemia is a double edged sword. Indian J Community Health 30:04\u201308. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.47203\/IJCH.2018.v30i01SUPP.003","journal-title":"Indian J Community Health"},{"key":"1609_CR113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2024.1348279","author":"NU Mahbub","year":"2024","unstructured":"Mahbub NU, Islam MM, Hong S-T, Chung H-J (2024) Dysbiosis of the gut microbiota and its effect on \u03b1-synuclein and prion protein misfolding: consequences for neurodegeneration. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fcimb.2024.1348279","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol"},{"key":"1609_CR114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2018.05.012","volume":"23","author":"K Makki","year":"2018","unstructured":"Makki K, Deehan EC, Walter J, B\u00e4ckhed F (2018) The impact of dietary fiber on gut microbiota in host health and disease. Cell Host Microbe 23:705\u2013715. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chom.2018.05.012","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"1609_CR115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-024-01014-8","volume":"24","author":"ER Mann","year":"2024","unstructured":"Mann ER, Lam YK, Uhlig HH (2024) Short-chain fatty acids: linking diet, the microbiome and immunity. Nat Rev Immunol 24:577\u2013595. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41577-024-01014-8","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"1609_CR116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2023.1197759","author":"V Mansuy-Aubert","year":"2023","unstructured":"Mansuy-Aubert V, Ravussin Y (2023) Short chain fatty acids: the messengers from down below. Front Neurosci. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnins.2023.1197759","journal-title":"Front Neurosci"},{"key":"1609_CR117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1107","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12041107","volume":"12","author":"P Markowiak-Kope\u0107","year":"2020","unstructured":"Markowiak-Kope\u0107 P, \u015ali\u017cewska K (2020) The effect of probiotics on the production of short-chain fatty acids by human intestinal microbiome. Nutrients 12:1107. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu12041107","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"1609_CR118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9742","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-28048-y","volume":"8","author":"C Martin-Gallausiaux","year":"2018","unstructured":"Martin-Gallausiaux C, B\u00e9guet-Crespel F, Marinelli L et al (2018) Butyrate produced by gut commensal bacteria activates TGF-beta1 expression through the transcription factor SP1 in human intestinal epithelial cells. Sci Rep 8:9742. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-018-28048-y","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"1609_CR119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1017\/S0029665120006916","volume":"80","author":"C Martin-Gallausiaux","year":"2021","unstructured":"Martin-Gallausiaux C, Marinelli L, Blotti\u00e8re HM et al (2021) SCFA: mechanisms and functional importance in the gut. Proc Nutr Soc 80:37\u201349. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S0029665120006916","journal-title":"Proc Nutr Soc"},{"key":"1609_CR120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1282","DOI":"10.1038\/nature08530","volume":"461","author":"KM Maslowski","year":"2009","unstructured":"Maslowski KM, Vieira AT, Ng A et al (2009) Regulation of inflammatory responses by gut microbiota and chemoattractant receptor GPR43. Nature 461:1282\u20131286. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nature08530","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"1609_CR121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1153","DOI":"10.1038\/s41396-023-01450-9","volume":"17","author":"R Matsuzaki","year":"2023","unstructured":"Matsuzaki R, Gunnigle E, Geissen V et al (2023) Pesticide exposure and the microbiota-gut-brain axis. ISME J 17:1153\u20131166. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41396-023-01450-9","journal-title":"ISME J"},{"key":"1609_CR122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1323","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.50.5.1323","volume":"50","author":"LV Metman","year":"1998","unstructured":"Metman LV, Del Dotto P, van den Munckhof P et al (1998) Amantadine as treatment for dyskinesias and motor fluctuations in Parkinson\u2019s disease. Neurology 50:1323\u20131326. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1212\/WNL.50.5.1323","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"1609_CR123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2015","DOI":"10.4103\/1673-5374.308089","volume":"16","author":"J Metzdorf","year":"2021","unstructured":"Metzdorf J, T\u00f6nges L (2021) Short-chain fatty acids in the context of Parkinson\u2019s disease. Neural Regen Res 16:2015. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/1673-5374.308089","journal-title":"Neural Regen Res"},{"key":"1609_CR124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2020.09.004","volume":"32","author":"C Michaudel","year":"2020","unstructured":"Michaudel C, Sokol H (2020) The gut microbiota at the service of immunometabolism. Cell Metab 32:514\u2013523. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cmet.2020.09.004","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"key":"1609_CR125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2023.1098412","author":"S Miri","year":"2023","unstructured":"Miri S, Yeo J, Abubaker S, Hammami R (2023) Neuromicrobiology, an emerging neurometabolic facet of the gut microbiome? Front Microbiol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmicb.2023.1098412","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"1609_CR126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2021.111619","volume":"139","author":"R Mirzaei","year":"2021","unstructured":"Mirzaei R, Afaghi A, Babakhani S et al (2021a) Role of microbiota-derived short-chain fatty acids in cancer development and prevention. Biomed Pharmacother 139:111619. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biopha.2021.111619","journal-title":"Biomed Pharmacother"},{"key":"1609_CR127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2021.111661","volume":"139","author":"R Mirzaei","year":"2021","unstructured":"Mirzaei R, Bouzari B, Hosseini-Fard SR et al (2021b) Role of microbiota-derived short-chain fatty acids in nervous system disorders. Biomed Pharmacother 139:111661. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biopha.2021.111661","journal-title":"Biomed Pharmacother"},{"key":"1609_CR128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2449","DOI":"10.1007\/s10571-021-01128-w","volume":"42","author":"H Mirzaei","year":"2022","unstructured":"Mirzaei H, Sedighi S, Kouchaki E et al (2022) Probiotics and the treatment of Parkinson\u2019s disease: an update. Cell Mol Neurobiol 42:2449\u20132457. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10571-021-01128-w","journal-title":"Cell Mol Neurobiol"},{"key":"1609_CR129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms251810041","volume":"25","author":"J Missiego-Beltr\u00e1n","year":"2024","unstructured":"Missiego-Beltr\u00e1n J, Beltr\u00e1n-Velasco AI (2024) The role of microbial metabolites in the progression of neurodegenerative diseases\u2014therapeutic approaches: a comprehensive review. Int J Mol Sci 25:10041. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms251810041","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"1609_CR130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2022.2105637","author":"M Modoux","year":"2022","unstructured":"Modoux M, Rolhion N, Lefevre JH et al (2022) Butyrate acts through HDAC inhibition to enhance aryl hydrocarbon receptor activation by gut microbiota-derived ligands. Gut Microbes. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/19490976.2022.2105637","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"key":"1609_CR131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2015.1134082","volume":"7","author":"DJ Morrison","year":"2016","unstructured":"Morrison DJ, Preston T (2016) Formation of short chain fatty acids by the gut microbiota and their impact on human metabolism. Gut Microbes 7:189\u2013200. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/19490976.2015.1134082","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"key":"1609_CR132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"985","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox13080985","volume":"13","author":"H Mostafavi Abdolmaleky","year":"2024","unstructured":"Mostafavi Abdolmaleky H, Zhou J-R (2024) Gut microbiota dysbiosis, oxidative stress, inflammation, and epigenetic alterations in metabolic diseases. Antioxidants 13:985. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/antiox13080985","journal-title":"Antioxidants"},{"key":"1609_CR133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2024.2422468","author":"MU Munir","year":"2024","unstructured":"Munir MU, Ali SA, Chung KHK et al (2024) Reverse engineering the gut-brain axis and microbiome-metabolomics for symbiotic\/pathogenic balance in neurodegenerative diseases. Gut Microbes. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/19490976.2024.2422468","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"key":"1609_CR134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plipres.2013.12.001","volume":"53","author":"MT Nakamura","year":"2014","unstructured":"Nakamura MT, Yudell BE, Loor JJ (2014) Regulation of energy metabolism by long-chain fatty acids. Prog Lipid Res 53:124\u2013144. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.plipres.2013.12.001","journal-title":"Prog Lipid Res"},{"key":"1609_CR135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/0122150838346643241211055438","author":"S Nand Rai","year":"2025","unstructured":"Nand Rai S, Singh P, Prajapati C et al (2025) Autophagy modulating potential of Mucuna pruriens in Parkinson\u2019s disease. Curr Tradit Med. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/0122150838346643241211055438","journal-title":"Curr Tradit Med"},{"key":"1609_CR136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(24)00390-X","author":"MF Neurath","year":"2025","unstructured":"Neurath MF, Artis D, Becker C (2025) The intestinal barrier: a pivotal role in health, inflammation, and cancer. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2468-1253(24)00390-X","journal-title":"Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"1609_CR137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2021.711359","author":"A Nogal","year":"2021","unstructured":"Nogal A, Louca P, Zhang X et al (2021a) Circulating levels of the short-chain fatty acid acetate mediate the effect of the gut microbiome on visceral fat. Front Microbiol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmicb.2021.711359","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"1609_CR138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2021.1897212","author":"A Nogal","year":"2021","unstructured":"Nogal A, Valdes AM, Menni C (2021b) The role of short-chain fatty acids in the interplay between gut microbiota and diet in cardio-metabolic health. Gut Microbes. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/19490976.2021.1897212","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"key":"1609_CR139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2012.05.016","volume":"93","author":"S Notararigo","year":"2013","unstructured":"Notararigo S, N\u00e1cher-V\u00e1zquez M, Ibarburu I et al (2013) Comparative analysis of production and purification of homo- and hetero-polysaccharides produced by lactic acid bacteria. Carbohydr Polym 93:57\u201364. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.carbpol.2012.05.016","journal-title":"Carbohydr Polym"},{"key":"1609_CR140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.1002\/humu.21277","volume":"31","author":"K Nuytemans","year":"2010","unstructured":"Nuytemans K, Theuns J, Cruts M, Van Broeckhoven C (2010) Genetic etiology of Parkinson disease associated with mutations in the SNCA, PARK2, PINK1, PARK7, and LRRK2 genes: a mutation update. Hum Mutat 31:763\u2013780. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/humu.21277","journal-title":"Hum Mutat"},{"key":"1609_CR141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2022.111572","volume":"546","author":"KJ O\u2019Riordan","year":"2022","unstructured":"O\u2019Riordan KJ, Collins MK, Moloney GM et al (2022) Short chain fatty acids: Microbial metabolites for gut-brain axis signalling. Mol Cell Endocrinol 546:111572. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mce.2022.111572","journal-title":"Mol Cell Endocrinol"},{"key":"1609_CR142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2022.965614","author":"JK Otten","year":"2022","unstructured":"Otten JK, Zou Y, Papoutsakis ET (2022) The potential of caproate (hexanoate) production using Clostridium kluyveri syntrophic cocultures with Clostridium acetobutylicum or Clostridium saccharolyticum. Front Bioeng Biotechnol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fbioe.2022.965614","journal-title":"Front Bioeng Biotechnol"},{"key":"1609_CR143","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"871","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2019.03.020","volume":"50","author":"W Ouyang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ouyang W, O\u2019Garra A (2019) IL-10 family cytokines IL-10 and IL-22: from basic science to clinical translation. Immunity 50:871\u2013891. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.immuni.2019.03.020","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"1609_CR144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e32004","volume":"10","author":"I Pan","year":"2024","unstructured":"Pan I, Umapathy S (2024) Probiotics an emerging therapeutic approach towards gut-brain-axis oriented chronic health issues induced by microplastics: a comprehensive review. Heliyon 10:e32004. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e32004","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"1609_CR145","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"886","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.31366","volume":"143","author":"P Pan","year":"2018","unstructured":"Pan P, Oshima K, Huang Y et al (2018) <scp>L<\/scp> oss of <scp>FFAR<\/scp> 2 promotes colon cancer by epigenetic dysregulation of inflammation suppressors. Int J Cancer 143:886\u2013896. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ijc.31366","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"key":"1609_CR146","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10661-023-11890-7","volume":"195","author":"I Pan","year":"2023","unstructured":"Pan I, Umapathy S, Issac PK et al (2023) The bioaccessibility of adsorped heavy metals on biofilm-coated microplastics and their implication for the progression of neurodegenerative diseases. Environ Monit Assess 195:1264. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10661-023-11890-7","journal-title":"Environ Monit Assess"},{"key":"1609_CR147","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9873","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-023-03691-3","volume":"61","author":"I Pan","year":"2024","unstructured":"Pan I, Issac PK, Rahman MM et al (2024) Gut-brain axis a key player to control gut dysbiosis in neurological diseases. Mol Neurobiol 61:9873\u20139891. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12035-023-03691-3","journal-title":"Mol Neurobiol"},{"key":"1609_CR148","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1821","DOI":"10.1038\/s12276-021-00703-x","volume":"53","author":"J Park","year":"2021","unstructured":"Park J, Kim CH (2021) Regulation of common neurological disorders by gut microbial metabolites. Exp Mol Med 53:1821\u20131833. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s12276-021-00703-x","journal-title":"Exp Mol Med"},{"key":"1609_CR149","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-018-1605-5","volume":"61","author":"A Pascale","year":"2018","unstructured":"Pascale A, Marchesi N, Marelli C et al (2018) Microbiota and metabolic diseases. Endocrine 61:357\u2013371. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12020-018-1605-5","journal-title":"Endocrine"},{"issue":"1","key":"1609_CR150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.pmbts.2022.06.029","volume":"191","author":"S Patel","year":"2022","unstructured":"Patel S, Seshadri S, Dalai S (2022) Gut microbiome and type 2 diabetes. Prog Mol Biol Transl Sci 191(1):175\u2013185","journal-title":"Prog Mol Biol Transl Sci"},{"key":"1609_CR151","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.10220","volume":"8","author":"S P\u00e9rez-P\u00e9rez","year":"2020","unstructured":"P\u00e9rez-P\u00e9rez S, Dom\u00ednguez-Mozo MI, Alonso-G\u00f3mez A et al (2020) Acetate correlates with disability and immune response in multiple sclerosis. PeerJ 8:e10220. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7717\/peerj.10220","journal-title":"PeerJ"},{"key":"1609_CR152","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2021.650313","author":"D P\u00e9rez-Reytor","year":"2021","unstructured":"P\u00e9rez-Reytor D, Puebla C, Karahanian E, Garc\u00eda K (2021) Use of short-chain fatty acids for the recovery of the intestinal epithelial barrier affected by bacterial toxins. Front Physiol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fphys.2021.650313","journal-title":"Front Physiol"},{"key":"1609_CR153","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2012.00086","author":"E Pessione","year":"2012","unstructured":"Pessione E (2012) Lactic acid bacteria contribution to gut microbiota complexity: lights and shadows. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fcimb.2012.00086","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol"},{"key":"1609_CR154","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmet.2019.05.012","volume":"33","author":"M Pietzke","year":"2020","unstructured":"Pietzke M, Meiser J, Vazquez A (2020) Formate metabolism in health and disease. Mol Metab 33:23\u201337. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.molmet.2019.05.012","journal-title":"Mol Metab"},{"key":"1609_CR155","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20441","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.2c01833","volume":"7","author":"E Piskin","year":"2022","unstructured":"Piskin E, Cianciosi D, Gulec S et al (2022) Iron absorption: factors, limitations, and improvement methods. ACS Omega 7:20441\u201320456. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acsomega.2c01833","journal-title":"ACS Omega"},{"key":"1609_CR156","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23031105","volume":"23","author":"P Portincasa","year":"2022","unstructured":"Portincasa P, Bonfrate L, Vacca M et al (2022) Gut microbiota and short chain fatty acids: implications in glucose homeostasis. Int J Mol Sci 23:1105. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms23031105","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"1609_CR157","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2527","DOI":"10.1007\/s11064-014-1443-7","volume":"39","author":"J Prakash","year":"2014","unstructured":"Prakash J, Chouhan S, Yadav SK et al (2014) Withania somnifera alleviates Parkinsonian phenotypes by inhibiting apoptotic pathways in dopaminergic neurons. Neurochem Res 39:2527\u20132536. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11064-014-1443-7","journal-title":"Neurochem Res"},{"key":"1609_CR158","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1091","DOI":"10.1002\/cphy.c170050","volume-title":"Comprehensive physiology","author":"M Priyadarshini","year":"2018","unstructured":"Priyadarshini M, Kotlo KU, Dudeja PK, Layden BT (2018) Role of short chain fatty acid receptors in intestinal physiology and pathophysiology. Comprehensive physiology. Wiley, New York, pp 1091\u20131115"},{"key":"1609_CR159","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci14030238","volume":"14","author":"C-M Qiao","year":"2024","unstructured":"Qiao C-M, Huang W-Y, Zhou Y et al (2024a) Akkermansia muciniphila is beneficial to a mouse model of Parkinson\u2019s Disease, via alleviated neuroinflammation and promoted neurogenesis, with involvement of SCFAs. Brain Sci 14:238. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/brainsci14030238","journal-title":"Brain Sci"},{"key":"1609_CR160","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2024.107434","volume":"209","author":"L Qiao","year":"2024","unstructured":"Qiao L, Yang G, Wang P, Xu C (2024b) The potential role of mitochondria in the microbiota-gut-brain axis: implications for brain health. Pharmacol Res 209:107434. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.phrs.2024.107434","journal-title":"Pharmacol Res"},{"key":"1609_CR161","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2023.115773","volume":"168","author":"S Qu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Qu S, Gao Y, Ma J, Yan Q (2023) Microbiota-derived short-chain fatty acids functions in the biology of B lymphocytes: from differentiation to antibody formation. Biomed Pharmacother 168:115773. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biopha.2023.115773","journal-title":"Biomed Pharmacother"},{"key":"1609_CR162","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchemneu.2020.101752","volume":"104","author":"SN Rai","year":"2020","unstructured":"Rai SN, Singh P (2020) Advancement in the modelling and therapeutics of Parkinson\u2019s disease. J Chem Neuroanat 104:101752. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jchemneu.2020.101752","journal-title":"J Chem Neuroanat"},{"key":"1609_CR163","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchemneu.2015.12.002","volume":"71","author":"SN Rai","year":"2016","unstructured":"Rai SN, Yadav SK, Singh D, Singh SP (2016) Ursolic acid attenuates oxidative stress in nigrostriatal tissue and improves neurobehavioral activity in MPTP-induced Parkinsonian mouse model. J Chem Neuroanat 71:41\u201349. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jchemneu.2015.12.002","journal-title":"J Chem Neuroanat"},{"key":"1609_CR164","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-025-04846-0","author":"YN Ramadan","year":"2025","unstructured":"Ramadan YN, Alqifari SF, Alshehri K et al (2025) Microbiome gut-brain-axis: impact on brain development and mental health. Mol Neurobiol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12035-025-04846-0","journal-title":"Mol Neurobiol"},{"key":"1609_CR165","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.3390\/diseases11030089","volume":"11","author":"K Ramakrishna","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ramakrishna K, Nalla LV, Naresh D et al (2023) WNT-\u03b2 catenin signaling as a potential therapeutic target for neurodegenerative diseases: current status and future perspective. Dis 11:89. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/diseases11030089","journal-title":"Dis"},{"key":"1609_CR166","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14245361","volume":"14","author":"G Ramos Meyers","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ramos Meyers G, Samouda H, Bohn T (2022) Short chain fatty acid metabolism in relation to gut microbiota and genetic variability. Nutrients 14:5361. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu14245361","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"1609_CR167","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neures.2021.01.001","volume":"168","author":"L Rani","year":"2021","unstructured":"Rani L, Mondal AC (2021) Unravelling the role of gut microbiota in Parkinson\u2019s disease progression: pathogenic and therapeutic implications. Neurosci Res 168:100\u2013112. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neures.2021.01.001","journal-title":"Neurosci Res"},{"key":"1609_CR168","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"847","DOI":"10.1007\/s00702-023-02623-8","volume":"130","author":"M Regensburger","year":"2023","unstructured":"Regensburger M, Ip CW, Kohl Z et al (2023) Clinical benefit of MAO-B and COMT inhibition in Parkinson\u2019s disease: practical considerations. J Neural Transm 130:847\u2013861. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00702-023-02623-8","journal-title":"J Neural Transm"},{"key":"1609_CR169","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2020.00973","author":"D Rios-Covian","year":"2020","unstructured":"Rios-Covian D, Gonz\u00e1lez S, Nogacka AM et al (2020) An overview on fecal branched short-chain fatty acids along human life and as related with body mass index: associated dietary and anthropometric factors. Front Microbiol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmicb.2020.00973","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"1609_CR170","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2025.117905","volume":"184","author":"M Rob","year":"2025","unstructured":"Rob M, Yousef M, Lakshmanan AP et al (2025) Microbial signatures and therapeutic strategies in neurodegenerative diseases. Biomed Pharmacother 184:117905. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biopha.2025.117905","journal-title":"Biomed Pharmacother"},{"key":"1609_CR171","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41531-021-00156-z","volume":"7","author":"S Romano","year":"2021","unstructured":"Romano S, Savva GM, Bedarf JR et al (2021) Meta-analysis of the Parkinson\u2019s disease gut microbiome suggests alterations linked to intestinal inflammation. NPJ Parkinsons Dis 7:27. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41531-021-00156-z","journal-title":"NPJ Parkinsons Dis"},{"key":"1609_CR172","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1038\/nri.2016.42","volume":"16","author":"MG Rooks","year":"2016","unstructured":"Rooks MG, Garrett WS (2016) Gut microbiota, metabolites and host immunity. Nat Rev Immunol 16:341\u2013352. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nri.2016.42","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"1609_CR173","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-017-0089-z","volume":"8","author":"S Rose","year":"2018","unstructured":"Rose S, Bennuri SC, Davis JE et al (2018) Butyrate enhances mitochondrial function during oxidative stress in cell lines from boys with autism. Transl Psychiatry 8:42. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41398-017-0089-z","journal-title":"Transl Psychiatry"},{"key":"1609_CR174","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1775","DOI":"10.3390\/cells10071775","volume":"10","author":"PS Salvi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Salvi PS, Cowles RA (2021) Butyrate and the intestinal epithelium: modulation of proliferation and inflammation in homeostasis and disease. Cells 10:1775. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cells10071775","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"1609_CR175","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3168","DOI":"10.1021\/acschemneuro.4c00355","volume":"15","author":"WT Santos","year":"2024","unstructured":"Santos WT, Katchborian-Neto A, Viana GS et al (2024) Metabolomics unveils disrupted pathways in Parkinson\u2019s disease: toward biomarker-based diagnosis. ACS Chem Neurosci 15:3168\u20133180. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acschemneuro.4c00355","journal-title":"ACS Chem Neurosci"},{"key":"1609_CR176","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.01390","author":"M Saresella","year":"2020","unstructured":"Saresella M, Marventano I, Barone M et al (2020) Alterations in circulating fatty acid are associated with gut microbiota dysbiosis and inflammation in multiple sclerosis. Front Immunol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2020.01390","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1609_CR177","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-38142-5","volume":"13","author":"M Sasaki","year":"2023","unstructured":"Sasaki M, Yamamoto K, Ueda T et al (2023) One-carbon metabolizing enzyme ALDH1L1 influences mitochondrial metabolism through 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide accumulation and serine depletion, contributing to tumor suppression. Sci Rep 13(1):13486. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-023-38142-5","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"1609_CR178","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-025-03371-0","volume":"22","author":"P Schaible","year":"2025","unstructured":"Schaible P, Henschel J, Erny D (2025) How the gut microbiota impacts neurodegenerative diseases by modulating CNS immune cells. J Neuroinflammation 22:60. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12974-025-03371-0","journal-title":"J Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"1609_CR179","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.00049-23","author":"K Serebrinsky-Duek","year":"2023","unstructured":"Serebrinsky-Duek K, Barra M, Danino T, Garrido D (2023) Engineered bacteria for short-chain-fatty-acid-repressed expression of biotherapeutic molecules. Microbiol Spectr. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/spectrum.00049-23","journal-title":"Microbiol Spectr"},{"key":"1609_CR180","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12072558","volume":"12","author":"SD Shaikh","year":"2023","unstructured":"Shaikh SD, Sun N, Canakis A et al (2023) Irritable bowel syndrome and the gut microbiome: a comprehensive review. J Clin Med 12:2558. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm12072558","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"1609_CR181","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2019.134516","volume":"712","author":"S Sharma","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sharma S, Awasthi A, Singh S (2019) Altered gut microbiota and intestinal permeability in Parkinson\u2019s disease: pathological highlight to management. Neurosci Lett 712:134516. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neulet.2019.134516","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"},{"key":"1609_CR182","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4466","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15204466","volume":"15","author":"Y Shin","year":"2023","unstructured":"Shin Y, Han S, Kwon J et al (2023) Roles of short-chain fatty acids in inflammatory bowel disease. Nutrients 15:4466. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu15204466","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"1609_CR183","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2020.00025","author":"YP Silva","year":"2020","unstructured":"Silva YP, Bernardi A, Frozza RL (2020) The role of short-chain fatty acids from gut microbiota in gut-brain communication. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fendo.2020.00025","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"key":"1609_CR184","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19010364","volume":"19","author":"P Sivanandy","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sivanandy P, Leey TC, Xiang TC et al (2021) Systematic review on Parkinson\u2019s disease medications, emphasizing on three recently approved drugs to control Parkinson\u2019s symptoms. Int J Environ Res Public Health 19:364. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph19010364","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"1609_CR185","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"972","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21030972","volume":"21","author":"ZM Slifer","year":"2020","unstructured":"Slifer ZM, Blikslager AT (2020) The integral role of tight junction proteins in the repair of injured intestinal epithelium. Int J Mol Sci 21:972. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms21030972","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"1609_CR186","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2022.878239","author":"X Sun","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sun X, Xue L, Wang Z, Xie A (2022) Update to the treatment of Parkinson\u2019s disease based on the gut-brain axis mechanism. Front Neurosci. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnins.2022.878239","journal-title":"Front Neurosci"},{"key":"1609_CR187","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.73150","author":"SB Suresh","year":"2024","unstructured":"Suresh SB, Malireddi A, Abera M et al (2024) Gut microbiome and its role in Parkinson\u2019s disease. Cureus. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.73150","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"1609_CR188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ipha.2024.08.005","volume":"2","author":"H Taherdoost","year":"2024","unstructured":"Taherdoost H, Ghofrani A (2024) AI\u2019s role in revolutionizing personalized medicine by reshaping pharmacogenomics and drug therapy. Intell Pharm 2:643\u2013650. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ipha.2024.08.005","journal-title":"Intell Pharm"},{"key":"1609_CR189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1186\/s40170-020-00228-3","volume":"8","author":"J Tait-Mulder","year":"2020","unstructured":"Tait-Mulder J, Hodge K, Sumpton D et al (2020) The conversion of formate into purines stimulates mTORC1 leading to CAD-dependent activation of pyrimidine synthesis. Cancer Metab 8:20. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40170-020-00228-3","journal-title":"Cancer Metab"},{"key":"1609_CR190","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5088","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21145088","volume":"21","author":"JZ Tayyeb","year":"2020","unstructured":"Tayyeb JZ, Popeijus HE, Mensink RP et al (2020) Short-chain fatty acids (except hexanoic acid) lower NF-kB transactivation, which rescues inflammation-induced decreased apolipoprotein A-I transcription in HepG2 cells. Int J Mol Sci 21:5088. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms21145088","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"1609_CR191","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"738","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2013.05.001","volume":"15","author":"A Thanabalasuriar","year":"2013","unstructured":"Thanabalasuriar A, Kim J, Gruenheid S (2013) The inhibition of COPII trafficking is important for intestinal epithelial tight junction disruption during enteropathogenic Escherichia coli and Citrobacter rodentium infection. Microbes Infect 15:738\u2013744. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.micinf.2013.05.001","journal-title":"Microbes Infect"},{"key":"1609_CR192","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2023.122337","volume":"336","author":"T Thornton","year":"2024","unstructured":"Thornton T, Mills D, Bliss E (2024) The impact of lipopolysaccharide on cerebrovascular function and cognition resulting from obesity-induced gut dysbiosis. Life Sci 336:122337. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.lfs.2023.122337","journal-title":"Life Sci"},{"key":"1609_CR193","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1823","DOI":"10.1042\/BCJ20160510","volume":"474","author":"E Thursby","year":"2017","unstructured":"Thursby E, Juge N (2017) Introduction to the human gut microbiota. Biochem J 474:1823\u20131836. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1042\/BCJ20160510","journal-title":"Biochem J"},{"key":"1609_CR194","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fshw.2021.12.008","volume":"11","author":"V-L Truong","year":"2022","unstructured":"Truong V-L, Jeong W-S (2022) Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory roles of tea polyphenols in inflammatory bowel diseases. Food Sci Hum Wellness 11:502\u2013511. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fshw.2021.12.008","journal-title":"Food Sci Hum Wellness"},{"key":"1609_CR195","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-024-04253-x","author":"S Umapathy","year":"2024","unstructured":"Umapathy S, Pan I, Issac PK et al (2024) Selenium nanoparticles as neuroprotective agents: insights into molecular mechanisms for Parkinson\u2019s disease treatment. Mol Neurobiol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12035-024-04253-x","journal-title":"Mol Neurobiol"},{"key":"1609_CR196","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2016.08.019","volume":"32","author":"MM Unger","year":"2016","unstructured":"Unger MM, Spiegel J, Dillmann K-U et al (2016) Short chain fatty acids and gut microbiota differ between patients with Parkinson\u2019s disease and age-matched controls. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 32:66\u201372. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2016.08.019","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat Disord"},{"key":"1609_CR197","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejbt.2020.06.004","volume":"47","author":"B Usta-Gorgun","year":"2020","unstructured":"Usta-Gorgun B, Yilmaz-Ersan L (2020) Short-chain fatty acids production by Bifidobacterium species in the presence of salep. Electron J Biotechnol 47:29\u201335. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejbt.2020.06.004","journal-title":"Electron J Biotechnol"},{"key":"1609_CR198","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.k2179","author":"AM Valdes","year":"2018","unstructured":"Valdes AM, Walter J, Segal E, Spector TD (2018) Role of the gut microbiota in nutrition and health. BMJ. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.k2179","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"1609_CR199","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"700","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2021.02.001","volume":"29","author":"B van der Hee","year":"2021","unstructured":"van der Hee B, Wells JM (2021) Microbial regulation of host physiology by short-chain fatty acids. Trends Microbiol 29:700\u2013712. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tim.2021.02.001","journal-title":"Trends Microbiol"},{"key":"1609_CR200","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/obr.13498","author":"T van Deuren","year":"2022","unstructured":"van Deuren T, Blaak EE, Canfora EE (2022) Butyrate to combat obesity and obesity-associated metabolic disorders: Current status and future implications for therapeutic use. Obes Rev. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/obr.13498","journal-title":"Obes Rev"},{"key":"1609_CR201","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12289","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms232012289","volume":"23","author":"A Varesi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Varesi A, Campagnoli LIM, Fahmideh F et al (2022) The Interplay between gut microbiota and Parkinson\u2019s disease: implications on diagnosis and treatment. Int J Mol Sci 23:12289. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms232012289","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"1609_CR202","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jff.2024.106337","volume":"119","author":"O Victoria Obayomi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Victoria Obayomi O, Folakemi Olaniran A, Olugbemiga Owa S (2024) Unveiling the role of functional foods with emphasis on prebiotics and probiotics in human health: A review. J Funct Foods 119:106337. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jff.2024.106337","journal-title":"J Funct Foods"},{"key":"1609_CR203","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mdc3.13926","author":"V Viljaharju","year":"2023","unstructured":"Viljaharju V, Mertsalmi T, Pauls KAM et al (2023) Levodopa-entacapone-carbidopa intestinal gel treatment in advanced Parkinson\u2019s disease: a single-center study of 30 patients. Mov Disord Clin Pract. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mdc3.13926","journal-title":"Mov Disord Clin Pract"},{"key":"1609_CR204","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1002\/mdc3.13926","volume":"11","author":"V Viljaharju","year":"2024","unstructured":"Viljaharju V, Mertsalmi T, Pauls KAM et al (2024) Levodopa-entacapone-carbidopa intestinal gel treatment in advanced Parkinson\u2019s disease: a single-center study of 30 patients. Mov Disord Clin Pract 11:159\u2013165. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mdc3.13926","journal-title":"Mov Disord Clin Pract"},{"key":"1609_CR205","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.3390\/foods10010069","volume":"10","author":"C Voidarou","year":"2020","unstructured":"Voidarou C, Antoniadou \u039c, Rozos G et al (2020) Fermentative foods: microbiology, biochemistry, potential human health benefits and public health issues. Foods 10:69. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/foods10010069","journal-title":"Foods"},{"key":"1609_CR206","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E622","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00081.2018","volume":"315","author":"Y Wang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wang Y, Christopher BA, Wilson KA et al (2018) Propionate-induced changes in cardiac metabolism, notably CoA trapping, are not altered by <scp>l<\/scp> -carnitine. Am J Physiol Metab 315:E622\u2013E633. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/ajpendo.00081.2018","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Metab"},{"key":"1609_CR207","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1731","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics14081731","volume":"14","author":"Q Wang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wang Q, Ma R, Liu P et al (2022a) Efficient sustained-release nanoparticle delivery system protects nigral neurons in a toxin model of Parkinson\u2019s disease. Pharmaceutics 14:1731. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/pharmaceutics14081731","journal-title":"Pharmaceutics"},{"key":"1609_CR208","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2022.110478","volume":"38","author":"T Wang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wang T, Xu J, Xu Y et al (2022b) Gut microbiota shapes social dominance through modulating HDAC2 in the medial prefrontal cortex. Cell Rep 38:110478. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.celrep.2022.110478","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"key":"1609_CR209","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.3390\/cells12050793","volume":"12","author":"J Wang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wang J, Zhu N, Su X et al (2023a) Gut-microbiota-derived metabolites maintain gut and systemic immune homeostasis. Cells 12:793. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cells12050793","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"1609_CR210","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5841","DOI":"10.1080\/10408398.2021.2025035","volume":"63","author":"Y Wang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wang Y, Zhang C, Liu F et al (2023b) Ecological succession and functional characteristics of lactic acid bacteria in traditional fermented foods. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 63:5841\u20135855. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10408398.2021.2025035","journal-title":"Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr"},{"key":"1609_CR211","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jgh.16619","author":"L Wang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wang L, He L, Xu L, Li S (2024) Short-chain fatty acids: bridges between diet, gut microbiota, and health. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jgh.16619","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"1609_CR212","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1038\/s41531-022-00295-x","volume":"8","author":"T Warnecke","year":"2022","unstructured":"Warnecke T, Sch\u00e4fer K-H, Claus I et al (2022) Gastrointestinal involvement in Parkinson\u2019s disease: pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management. NPJ Park Dis 8:31. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41531-022-00295-x","journal-title":"NPJ Park Dis"},{"key":"1609_CR213","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-food-032818-121303","volume":"10","author":"Y Wu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wu Y, Wan J, Choe U et al (2019) Interactions between food and gut microbiota: impact on human health. Annu Rev Food Sci Technol 10:389\u2013408. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1146\/annurev-food-032818-121303","journal-title":"Annu Rev Food Sci Technol"},{"key":"1609_CR214","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1186\/s12883-021-02544-7","volume":"22","author":"G Wu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wu G, Jiang Z, Pu Y et al (2022) Serum short-chain fatty acids and its correlation with motor and non-motor symptoms in Parkinson\u2019s disease patients. BMC Neurol 22:13. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12883-021-02544-7","journal-title":"BMC Neurol"},{"key":"1609_CR215","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2023.103062","volume":"141","author":"R Wu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wu R, Xiong R, Li Y et al (2023) Gut microbiome, metabolome, host immunity associated with inflammatory bowel disease and intervention of fecal microbiota transplantation. J Autoimmun 141:103062. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaut.2023.103062","journal-title":"J Autoimmun"},{"key":"1609_CR216","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2022.1083432","author":"X Xiao","year":"2023","unstructured":"Xiao X, Hu X, Yao J et al (2023) The role of short-chain fatty acids in inflammatory skin diseases. Front Microbiol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmicb.2022.1083432","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"1609_CR217","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2022.1007654","author":"L Xie","year":"2023","unstructured":"Xie L, Chen D, Zhu X, Cheng C (2023) Efficacy and safety of probiotics in Parkinson\u2019s constipation: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Pharmacol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fphar.2022.1007654","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"key":"1609_CR218","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1186\/s13578-023-01053-z","volume":"13","author":"C Xing","year":"2023","unstructured":"Xing C, Huang X, Wang D et al (2023) Roles of bile acids signaling in neuromodulation under physiological and pathological conditions. Cell Biosci 13:106. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13578-023-01053-z","journal-title":"Cell Biosci"},{"key":"1609_CR219","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2863","DOI":"10.3390\/foods11182863","volume":"11","author":"R-G Xiong","year":"2022","unstructured":"Xiong R-G, Zhou D-D, Wu S-X et al (2022) Health benefits and side effects of short-chain fatty acids. Foods 11:2863. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/foods11182863","journal-title":"Foods"},{"key":"1609_CR220","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s12276-019-0276-5","volume":"51","author":"M Xu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Xu M, Jiang Z, Wang C et al (2019) Acetate attenuates inflammasome activation through GPR43-mediated Ca2+-dependent NLRP3 ubiquitination. Exp Mol Med 51:1\u201313. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s12276-019-0276-5","journal-title":"Exp Mol Med"},{"key":"1609_CR221","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1304","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2023.06.004","volume":"35","author":"C Xue","year":"2023","unstructured":"Xue C, Li G, Zheng Q et al (2023) Tryptophan metabolism in health and disease. Cell Metab 35:1304\u20131326. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cmet.2023.06.004","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"key":"1609_CR222","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchemneu.2016.11.009","volume":"80","author":"SK Yadav","year":"2017","unstructured":"Yadav SK, Rai SN, Singh SP (2017) Mucuna pruriens reduces inducible nitric oxide synthase expression in Parkinsonian mice model. J Chem Neuroanat 80:1\u201310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jchemneu.2016.11.009","journal-title":"J Chem Neuroanat"},{"key":"1609_CR223","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nutres.2022.07.007","volume":"106","author":"S Yadav","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yadav S, Dwivedi A, Tripathi A, Tripathi AK (2022) Therapeutic potential of short-chain fatty acid production by gut microbiota in neurodegenerative disorders. Nutr Res 106:72\u201384. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.nutres.2022.07.007","journal-title":"Nutr Res"},{"key":"1609_CR224","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4457","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-18262-6","volume":"11","author":"W Yang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yang W, Yu T, Huang X et al (2020) Intestinal microbiota-derived short-chain fatty acids regulation of immune cell IL-22 production and gut immunity. Nat Commun 11:4457. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-020-18262-6","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"1609_CR225","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1038\/s41401-023-01150-2","volume":"45","author":"Z Yang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Yang Z, Zhang Y, Wang Q et al (2024) Addition of \u03b1-synuclein aggregates to the intestinal environment recapitulates Parkinsonian symptoms in model systems. Acta Pharmacol Sin 45:36\u201351. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41401-023-01150-2","journal-title":"Acta Pharmacol Sin"},{"key":"1609_CR226","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules29020379","volume":"29","author":"Y Yao","year":"2024","unstructured":"Yao Y, Liu Y, Xu Q, Mao L (2024) Short chain fatty acids: essential weapons of traditional medicine in treating inflammatory Bowel disease. Molecules 29:379. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/molecules29020379","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"1609_CR227","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2016.12.070","volume":"374","author":"XX Yu","year":"2017","unstructured":"Yu XX, Fernandez HH (2017) Dopamine agonist withdrawal syndrome: a comprehensive review. J Neurol Sci 374:53\u201355. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jns.2016.12.070","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"key":"1609_CR228","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.4435","volume":"6","author":"L Yuan","year":"2018","unstructured":"Yuan L, Li W, Huo Q et al (2018) Effects of xylo-oligosaccharide and flavomycin on the immune function of broiler chickens. PeerJ 6:e4435. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7717\/peerj.4435","journal-title":"PeerJ"},{"key":"1609_CR229","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2022.873549","author":"DJ Zajac","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zajac DJ, Shaw BC, Braun DJ et al (2022) Exogenous short chain fatty acid effects in APP\/PS1 mice. Front Neurosci. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnins.2022.873549","journal-title":"Front Neurosci"},{"key":"1609_CR230","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1186\/s12964-023-01219-9","volume":"21","author":"D Zhang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhang D, Jian Y-P, Zhang Y-N et al (2023a) Short-chain fatty acids in diseases. Cell Commun Signal 21:212. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12964-023-01219-9","journal-title":"Cell Commun Signal"},{"key":"1609_CR231","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1186\/s40035-023-00392-8","volume":"12","author":"X Zhang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhang X, Tang B, Guo J (2023b) Parkinson\u2019s disease and gut microbiota: from clinical to mechanistic and therapeutic studies. Transl Neurodegener 12:59. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40035-023-00392-8","journal-title":"Transl Neurodegener"},{"key":"1609_CR232","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2023.114295","volume":"160","author":"Y Zhang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhang Y, Chen R, Zhang D et al (2023c) Metabolite interactions between host and microbiota during health and disease: which feeds the other? Biomed Pharmacother 160:114295. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biopha.2023.114295","journal-title":"Biomed Pharmacother"},{"key":"1609_CR233","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.116444","volume":"233","author":"Y Zhang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhang Y, Wang X, Zhu W et al (2023d) Anaerobic fermentation of organic solid waste: Recent updates in substrates, products, and the process with multiple products co-production. Environ Res 233:116444. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envres.2023.116444","journal-title":"Environ Res"},{"key":"1609_CR234","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2020.108418","volume":"169","author":"L Zhao","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhao L, Lou H, Peng Y et al (2020) Elevated levels of circulating short-chain fatty acids and bile acids in type 2 diabetes are linked to gut barrier disruption and disordered gut microbiota. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 169:108418. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.diabres.2020.108418","journal-title":"Diabetes Res Clin Pract"},{"key":"1609_CR235","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1186\/s40168-021-01107-9","volume":"9","author":"Z Zhao","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhao Z, Ning J, Bao X et al (2021) Fecal microbiota transplantation protects rotenone-induced Parkinson\u2019s disease mice via suppressing inflammation mediated by the lipopolysaccharide-TLR4 signaling pathway through the microbiota-gut-brain axis. Microbiome 9:226. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40168-021-01107-9","journal-title":"Microbiome"},{"key":"1609_CR236","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20181965","volume":"216","author":"Y Zheng","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zheng Y, Cantley LC (2019) Toward a better understanding of folate metabolism in health and disease. J Exp Med 216:253\u2013266. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1084\/jem.20181965","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"1609_CR237","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2022.109618","volume":"115","author":"M Zhou","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhou M, Li D, Xu L et al (2023) Propionate alleviated post-infarction cardiac dysfunction by macrophage polarization in a rat model. Int Immunopharmacol 115:109618. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.intimp.2022.109618","journal-title":"Int Immunopharmacol"},{"key":"1609_CR238","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1542","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-85144-6","volume":"15","author":"Y Zhou","year":"2025","unstructured":"Zhou Y, Yang Y, Tian R, Cheang WS (2025) Pterostilbene protects against lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation and blood\u2013brain barrier disruption in immortalized brain endothelial cell lines in vitro. Sci Rep 15:1542. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-025-85144-6","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"1609_CR239","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.937555","author":"M Zhu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhu M, Liu X, Ye Y et al (2022) Gut Microbiota: A Novel Therapeutic Target for Parkinson\u2019s Disease. Front Immunol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2022.937555","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"1609_CR240","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2024.1448388","author":"Q Zhu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhu Q, Chen B, Zhang F et al (2024) Toxic and essential metals: metabolic interactions with the gut microbiota and health implications. Front Nutr. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnut.2024.1448388","journal-title":"Front Nutr"}],"container-title":["Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10571-025-01609-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10571-025-01609-2\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10571-025-01609-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,12]],"date-time":"2025-12-12T10:24:48Z","timestamp":1765535088000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10571-025-01609-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,22]]},"references-count":240,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1609"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10571-025-01609-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["1573-6830"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1573-6830","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,22]]},"assertion":[{"value":"20 February 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"8 September 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 October 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"Ethical approval was not required for this study, as it did not involve human or animal samples.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics Approval"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to Participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for Publication"}}],"article-number":"90"}}