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In this study, we generated a\n                    <jats:italic>Celf4<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sup>\u00b1<\/jats:sup>\n                    mouse line and examined changes in the first two synapses along the auditory pathways. Firstly, we found that hearing functions were largely intact in\n                    <jats:italic>Celf4<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sup>\u00b1<\/jats:sup>\n                    mice, with exception of reduced amplitude for Wave II of auditory brainstem responses (ABRs) and increased delays for Wave II and IV, both in case of 4\u00a0kHz only. Secondly, we found that counts of inner and outer hair cells (IHCs and OHCs) and SGNs remained unchanged in\n                    <jats:italic>Celf4<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sup>\u00b1<\/jats:sup>\n                    mice, and that the number and function of ribbon synapses between IHCs and SGNs were comparable between WT and\n                    <jats:italic>Celf4<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sup>\u00b1<\/jats:sup>\n                    mice. Lastly, function of the endbulb of Held synapse, formed between auditory nerve fibers (ANFs) of SGNs and bushy cells in the cochlear nucleus, was significantly altered in\n                    <jats:italic>Celf4<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sup>\u00b1<\/jats:sup>\n                    mice. Specifically, synaptic vesicle release was subtly reduced, and excitability of bushy cells was significantly dampened, likely due to a hyperpolarized resting membrane potential. Furthermore, we found that spike kinetics was significantly faster in\n                    <jats:italic>Celf4<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sup>\u00b1<\/jats:sup>\n                    bushy cells, likely caused by a larger fast-inactivating A-type potassium current (I\n                    <jats:sub>A<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) found in these cells. In conclusion, we found that\n                    <jats:italic>Celf4<\/jats:italic>\n                    haploinsufficiency altered transmission at the endbulb of Held synapses in the cochlear nucleus in a significant and multifaceted manner, revealing the roles of\n                    <jats:italic>Celf4<\/jats:italic>\n                    in regulating hearing functions.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Graphical Abstract<\/jats:bold>\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Title: Schematic representation of the experimental approach and major findings.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Legend: In mice with\n                    <jats:italic>Celf4<\/jats:italic>\n                    haploinsufficiency, we found that while function at hair cell ribbon synapses was largely preserved, transmission at the endbulb of Held synapse was significantly altered, including subtly reduced release of synaptic vesicles from the endbulb, dampened excitability in bushy cells, and accelerated spike kinetics caused by enhanced voltage-gated K\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    current.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10571-026-01732-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,24]],"date-time":"2026-04-24T09:47:29Z","timestamp":1777024049000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Celf4 Regulates Excitability of Bushy Cells in the Cochlear Nucleus of the Mouse Brainstem"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"46","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3690-7299","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yige","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-0886-8983","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Siyu","family":"Qiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-5847-1193","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7811-8012","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhenghong","family":"Bi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9675-1233","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhiyong","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2248-2237","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yingzi","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7053-4284","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Geng-Lin","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"1732_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1107","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2004.t01-1-00303.x","volume":"45","author":"JI Alcantara","year":"2004","unstructured":"Alcantara JI, Weisblatt EJ, Moore BC, Bolton PF (2004) Speech-in-noise perception in high-functioning individuals with autism or Asperger\u2019s syndrome. 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