{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T02:10:17Z","timestamp":1791079817450,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,14]],"date-time":"2013-12-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1386979200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Child Psychiatry Hum Dev"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,10]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10578-013-0428-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,13]],"date-time":"2013-12-13T12:44:00Z","timestamp":1386938640000},"page":"588-595","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":151,"title":["Insecure Attachment Attitudes in the Onset of Problematic Internet Use Among Late Adolescents"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"45","author":[{"given":"Adriano","family":"Schimmenti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessia","family":"Passanisi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessia Maria","family":"Gervasi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sergio","family":"Manzella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesca Isabella","family":"Fam\u00e0","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"428_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596","volume-title":"DSM-5. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"2013","unstructured":"American Psychiatric Association (2013) DSM-5. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 5th edn. American Psychiatric Association, Arlington, VA","edition":"5"},{"key":"428_CR2","first-page":"337","volume":"4","author":"T Cantelmi","year":"2009","unstructured":"Cantelmi T, Talli M (2009) Trapped in the web: the psychopathology of cyberspace. J Cyber Ther Rehabil 4:337\u2013350","journal-title":"J Cyber Ther Rehabil"},{"key":"428_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1002\/j.2051-5545.2010.tb00278.x","volume":"9","author":"E Aboujaoude","year":"2010","unstructured":"Aboujaoude E (2010) Problematic internet use: an overview. World Psychiatry 9:85\u201390","journal-title":"World Psychiatry"},{"key":"428_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2007.07101556","volume":"165","author":"JJ Block","year":"2008","unstructured":"Block JJ (2008) Issues for DSM-V: internet addiction. Am J Psychiatry 165:306\u2013307","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"428_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1007\/s10879-009-9120-x","volume":"39","author":"KS Young","year":"2009","unstructured":"Young KS (2009) Internet addiction: diagnosis and treatment considerations. J Contemp Psychother 39:241\u2013246","journal-title":"J Contemp Psychother"},{"key":"428_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1089\/cpb.2004.7.559","volume":"7","author":"K Chak","year":"2004","unstructured":"Chak K, Leung L (2004) Shyness and locus of control as predictors of internet addiction and internet use. Cyberpsychol Behav 7:559\u2013570","journal-title":"Cyberpsychol Behav"},{"key":"428_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1080\/00207594.2010.541256","volume":"46","author":"S Casale","year":"2011","unstructured":"Casale S, Fioravanti G (2011) Psychosocial correlates of internet use among Italian students. Int J Psychol 46:288\u2013398","journal-title":"Int J Psychol"},{"key":"428_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1089\/109493103321640338","volume":"6","author":"LS Whang","year":"2003","unstructured":"Whang LS, Lee S, Chang G (2003) Internet over-users\u2019 psychological profiles: a behavior sampling analysis on internet addiction. Cyberpsychol Behav 6:143\u2013150","journal-title":"Cyberpsychol Behav"},{"key":"428_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1089\/cpb.2006.9963","volume":"10","author":"SE Caplan","year":"2007","unstructured":"Caplan SE (2007) Relations among loneliness, social anxiety, and problematic internet use. Cyberpsychol Behav 10:234\u2013242","journal-title":"Cyberpsychol Behav"},{"key":"428_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2012.03.003","volume":"53","author":"BW Lee","year":"2012","unstructured":"Lee BW, Stapinski LA (2012) Compensatory internet use among individuals higher in social anxiety and its implications for well-being. Pers Individ Differ 53:191\u20131955","journal-title":"Pers Individ Differ"},{"key":"428_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1089\/cyber.2012.0390","volume":"16","author":"E Dalbudak","year":"2013","unstructured":"Dalbudak E, Evren C, Aldemir S, Coskun KS, Ugurlu H, Yildirim FG (2013) Relationship of internet addiction severity with depression, anxiety, and alexithymia, temperament and character in university students. Cyberpsychol Behav 16:272\u2013278","journal-title":"Cyberpsychol Behav"},{"key":"428_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1017\/S1092852900016308","volume":"13","author":"CH Ko","year":"2008","unstructured":"Ko CH, Yen JY, Chen CS, Chen CC, Yen CF (2008) Psychiatry comorbidity of internet addiction in college students: an interview study. CNS Spectr 13:147\u2013153","journal-title":"CNS Spectr"},{"key":"428_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1177\/0004867412463613","volume":"47","author":"S Park","year":"2013","unstructured":"Park S, Hong KE, Park EJ, Ha KS, Yoo HJ (2013) The association between problematic internet use and depression, suicidal ideation and bipolar disorder symptoms in Korean adolescents. Aust N Z J Psychiatry 47:153\u2013159","journal-title":"Aust N Z J Psychiatry"},{"key":"428_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1089\/cpb.2008.0113","volume":"12","author":"JY Yen","year":"2009","unstructured":"Yen JY, Yen CF, Chen CS, Tang TC, Ko CH (2009) The association between adult ADHD symptoms and internet addiction among college students: the gender difference. Cyberpsychol Behav 12:187\u2013191","journal-title":"Cyberpsychol Behav"},{"key":"428_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2008.11.011","volume":"50","author":"S Bernardi","year":"2009","unstructured":"Bernardi S, Pallanti S (2009) Internet addiction: a descriptive clinical study focusing on comorbidities and dissociative symptoms. Compr Psychiatry 50:510\u2013516","journal-title":"Compr Psychiatry"},{"key":"428_CR16","first-page":"195","volume":"9","author":"A Schimmenti","year":"2012","unstructured":"Schimmenti A, Guglielmucci F, Barbasio C, Granieri A (2012) Attachment disorganization and dissociation in virtual worlds: a study on problematic Internet use among players of online role playing games. Clin Neuropsychiatry 9:195\u2013202","journal-title":"Clin Neuropsychiatry"},{"key":"428_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1089\/cyber.2010.0470","volume":"14","author":"SE Shin","year":"2011","unstructured":"Shin SE, Kim NS, Jang EY (2011) Comparison of problematic internet and alcohol use and attachment styles among industrial workers in Korea. Cyberpsychol Behav 14:665\u2013672","journal-title":"Cyberpsychol Behav"},{"key":"428_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1089\/cyber.2010.0574","volume":"14","author":"MP Lin","year":"2011","unstructured":"Lin MP, Ko HC, Wu JY (2011) Prevalence and psychosocial risk factors associated with internet addiction in a nationally representative sample of college students in Taiwan. Cyberpsychol Behav 14:741\u2013746","journal-title":"Cyberpsychol Behav"},{"key":"428_CR19","unstructured":"Bowlby J (1969\u20131982) Attachment and loss, vol I: attachment. The Hogart Press, London"},{"key":"428_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4324\/9780203094556","volume-title":"Understanding adult attachment in family relationships: research, assessment and intervention","author":"A Bifulco","year":"2012","unstructured":"Bifulco A, Thomas G (2012) Understanding adult attachment in family relationships: research, assessment and intervention. Routledge, London"},{"key":"428_CR21","volume-title":"Patterns of attachment: a psychological study of strange situation","author":"MD Ainsworth","year":"1978","unstructured":"Ainsworth MD, Blehar MC, Waters E, Wall S (1978) Patterns of attachment: a psychological study of strange situation. Earlbaum, Hillsdale"},{"key":"428_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"796","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-006-0101-z","volume":"41","author":"A Bifulco","year":"2006","unstructured":"Bifulco A, Kwon J, Jacobs C, Moran PM, Bunn A, Beer N (2006) Adult attachment style as mediator between childhood neglect\/abuse and adult depression and anxiety. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 41:796\u2013805","journal-title":"Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol"},{"key":"428_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4899-0310-5_6","volume-title":"Dissociation: clinical and theoretical perspectives","author":"M Main","year":"1996","unstructured":"Main M, Morgan H (1996) Disorganization and disorientation in infant strange situation behavior: phenotypic resemblance to dissociative states? In: Michelson L, Ray EW (eds) Dissociation: clinical and theoretical perspectives. Plenum Press, New York, NY, pp 107\u2013138"},{"key":"428_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1037\/0003-066X.55.5.469","volume":"55","author":"JJ Arnett","year":"2000","unstructured":"Arnett JJ (2000) Emerging adulthood. A theory of development from the late teens through the twenties. Am Psychol 55:469\u2013480","journal-title":"Am Psychol"},{"key":"428_CR25","author":"A Schimmenti","year":"2013","unstructured":"Schimmenti A, Bifulco A (2013) Linking lack of care in childhood to anxiety disorders in emerging adulthood: the role of attachment styles. Child Adolesc Ment Health. doi: 10.1111\/camh.12051","journal-title":"Child Adolesc Ment Health"},{"key":"428_CR26","volume-title":"Caught in the net","author":"KS Young","year":"1998","unstructured":"Young KS (1998) Caught in the net. Wiley, New York, NY"},{"key":"428_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1089\/cpb.2004.7.443","volume":"7","author":"L Widyanto","year":"2004","unstructured":"Widyanto L, McMurran M (2004) The psychometric properties of internet addiction test. Cyberpsychol Behav 7:443\u2013450","journal-title":"Cyberpsychol Behav"},{"key":"428_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v67n0517","volume":"67","author":"JH Ha","year":"2006","unstructured":"Ha JH, Yoo HJ, Cho IH, Chin B, Shin D, Kim JH (2006) Psychiatric comorbidity assessed in Korean children and adolescents who screen positive for Internet addiction. J Clin Psychiatry 67:821\u2013826","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"428_CR29","first-page":"128","volume-title":"Attachment in adults: clinical and developmental perspectives","author":"JA Feeney","year":"1994","unstructured":"Feeney JA, Noller P, Hanrahan M (1994) Assessing adult attachment. In: Sperling MB, Berman WH (eds) Attachment in adults: clinical and developmental perspectives. Guilford Press, New York, NY, pp 128\u2013152"},{"key":"428_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.52.3.511","volume":"52","author":"D Hazan","year":"1987","unstructured":"Hazan D, Shaver PR (1987) Romantic love conceptualized as an attachment process. J Pers Soc Psychol 52:511\u2013524","journal-title":"J Pers Soc Psychol"},{"key":"428_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1177\/0265407590072001","volume":"7","author":"K Bartholomew","year":"1990","unstructured":"Bartholomew K (1990) Avoidance of intimacy: an attachment perspective. J Soc Pers Relat 7:147\u2013178","journal-title":"J Soc Pers Relat"},{"key":"428_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eurpsy.2004.11.008","volume":"20","author":"J Chotai","year":"2005","unstructured":"Chotai J, Jonasson M, H\u00e4ggl\u00f6f B, Adolfsson R (2005) Adolescent attachment styles and their relation to the temperament and character traits of personality in a general population. Eur Psychiatry 20:251\u2013259","journal-title":"Eur Psychiatry"},{"key":"428_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.3200\/GNTP.167.1.47-63","volume":"167","author":"M R\u00f6nnlund","year":"2006","unstructured":"R\u00f6nnlund M, Karlsson E (2006) The relation between dimensions of attachment and internalizing or externalizing problems during adolescence. J Genet Psychol 167:47\u201363","journal-title":"J Genet Psychol"},{"key":"428_CR34","first-page":"55","volume":"20","author":"A Fossati","year":"2003","unstructured":"Fossati A, Feeney JA, Donati D, Donini M, Novella L, Bagnato M et al (2003) On the dimensionality of the Attachment Style Questionnaire in Italian clinical and nonclinical participants. J Soc Pers Relat 20:55\u201379","journal-title":"J Soc Pers Relat"},{"key":"428_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1002\/cpp.332","volume":"9","author":"ERS Nijenhuis","year":"2002","unstructured":"Nijenhuis ERS, Van der Hart O, Kruger K (2002) The psychometric characteristics of the traumatic experiences checklist (TEC): first findings among psychiatric outpatients. Clin Psychol Psychother 9:200\u2013210","journal-title":"Clin Psychol Psychother"},{"key":"428_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1007\/s11013-010-9171-1","volume":"34","author":"M Duijl van","year":"2010","unstructured":"van Duijl M, Nijenhuis E, Komproe IH, Gernaat HB, de Jong JT (2010) Dissociative symptoms and reported trauma among patients with spirit possession and matched healthy controls in Uganda. Cult Med Psychiatry 34:380\u2013400","journal-title":"Cult Med Psychiatry"},{"key":"428_CR37","volume-title":"Practical statistics for medical research","author":"DG Altman","year":"1991","unstructured":"Altman DG (1991) Practical statistics for medical research. Chapman and Hall, London"},{"key":"428_CR38","first-page":"40","volume":"6","author":"T Cantelmi","year":"2000","unstructured":"Cantelmi T, Del Miglio C, Talli M, D\u2019Andrea A (2000) Internet-related psychopathology: first experimental data, clinical aspects and critical notes. Ital J Psychopathol 6:40\u201351","journal-title":"Ital J Psychopathol"},{"key":"428_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1089\/cpb.2006.9972","volume":"10","author":"G Ferraro","year":"2007","unstructured":"Ferraro G, Caci B, D\u2019Amico A, Di Blasi M (2007) Internet addiction disorder: an Italian study. Cyberpsychol Behav 10:170\u2013175","journal-title":"Cyberpsychol Behav"},{"key":"428_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1089\/cpb.2009.0071","volume":"12","author":"L Milani","year":"2009","unstructured":"Milani L, Osualdella D, Di Blasio P (2009) Quality of interpersonal relationships and problematic internet use in adolescence. Cyberpsychol Behav 12:681\u2013684","journal-title":"Cyberpsychol Behav"},{"key":"428_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2210","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2012.03946.x","volume":"107","author":"T Durkee","year":"2012","unstructured":"Durkee T, Kaess M, Carli V, Parzer P, Wasserman C, Floderus B et al (2012) Prevalence of pathological internet use among adolescents in Europe: demographic and social factors. Addiction 107:2210\u20132222","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"428_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9450.2008.00685.x","volume":"50","author":"IJ Bakken","year":"2009","unstructured":"Bakken IJ, Wenzel HG, G\u00f6testam KG, Johansson A, Oren A (2009) Internet addiction among Norwegian adults: a stratified probability sample study. Scand J Psychol 50:121\u2013127","journal-title":"Scand J Psychol"},{"key":"428_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1089\/cpb.2008.0026","volume":"11","author":"L Zhang","year":"2008","unstructured":"Zhang L, Amos C, McDowell WC (2008) A comparative study of internet addiction between the United States and China. Cyberpsychol Behav 11:727\u2013729","journal-title":"Cyberpsychol Behav"},{"key":"428_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2010.02.009","volume":"55","author":"M Valcke","year":"2010","unstructured":"Valcke M, Bonte S, De Wever B, Rots I (2010) Internet parenting styles and the impact of internet use on primary school children. Comput Educ 55:454\u2013464","journal-title":"Comput Educ"},{"key":"428_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1177\/1476718X10379783","volume":"8","author":"GM Johnson","year":"2010","unstructured":"Johnson GM (2010) Young children\u2019s internet use at home and school: patterns and profiles. J Child Res 8:282\u2013293","journal-title":"J Child Res"},{"key":"428_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2012.07.015","volume":"29","author":"F Laghi","year":"2013","unstructured":"Laghi F, Vitoroulis I, Schneider BH, Coplan RJ, Baiocco R, Amichai-Hamburger Y et al (2013) Knowing when not to use the internet: shyness and adolescents\u2019 on-line and off-line interactions with friends. Comput Hum Behav 29:51\u201357","journal-title":"Comput Hum Behav"},{"key":"428_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1037\/a0019414","volume":"27","author":"A Schimmenti","year":"2010","unstructured":"Schimmenti A, Caretti V (2010) Psychic retreats or psychic pits? Unbearable states of mind and technological addiction. Psychoanal Psychol 27:115\u2013132","journal-title":"Psychoanal Psychol"},{"key":"428_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1161","DOI":"10.1002\/jclp.21915","volume":"68","author":"J Rosegrant","year":"2012","unstructured":"Rosegrant J (2012) Introduction: clinicians respond to their clients\u2019 technology. J Clin Psychol 68:1161\u20131163","journal-title":"J Clin Psychol"},{"key":"428_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1007\/s10578-011-0269-7","volume":"43","author":"U Pace","year":"2012","unstructured":"Pace U, Cacioppo M, Schimmenti A (2012) The moderating role of father\u2019s care on the onset of binge eating symptoms among female late adolescents with insecure attachment. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 43:282\u2013292","journal-title":"Child Psychiatry Hum Dev"},{"key":"428_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1007\/s10775-013-9243-1","volume":"13","author":"V Lo Cascio","year":"2013","unstructured":"Lo Cascio V, Guzzo G, Pace F, Pace U (2013) Anxiety and self-esteem as mediators of the relation between family communication and indecisiveness in adolescence. Int J Educ Vocat Guid 13:135\u2013148","journal-title":"Int J Educ Vocat Guid"},{"key":"428_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1007\/s12187-013-9188-4","volume":"6","author":"G Guzzo","year":"2013","unstructured":"Guzzo G, Lo Cascio V, Pace U (2013) The role of individual and relational characteristics on alcohol consumption among Italian adolescents: a discriminant function analysis. Child Indic Res 6:605\u2013618","journal-title":"Child Indic Res"},{"key":"428_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1080\/14753634.2012.664873","volume":"18","author":"A Schimmenti","year":"2012","unstructured":"Schimmenti A (2012) Unveiling the hidden self: developmental trauma and pathological shame. Psychodyn Pract 18:195\u2013211","journal-title":"Psychodyn Pract"}],"container-title":["Child Psychiatry &amp; Human Development"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10578-013-0428-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10578-013-0428-0\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10578-013-0428-0","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,4]],"date-time":"2019-08-04T18:29:12Z","timestamp":1564943352000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10578-013-0428-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,14]]},"references-count":52,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,10]]}},"alternative-id":["428"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10578-013-0428-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["0009-398X","1573-3327"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0009-398X","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-3327","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,14]]}}}