{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,23]],"date-time":"2026-08-23T17:42:02Z","timestamp":1787506922424,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,13]],"date-time":"2017-03-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1489363200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008459","name":"University of Calgary","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008459","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Child Psychiatry Hum Dev"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,12]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10578-017-0718-z","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,13]],"date-time":"2017-03-13T18:58:15Z","timestamp":1489431495000},"page":"960-966","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Tic Severity and Treatment in Children: The Effect of Comorbid Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Obsessive Compulsive Behaviors"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"48","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8229-8431","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tamara","family":"Pringsheim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,13]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"718_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pediatrneurol.2012.05.002","volume":"47","author":"T Knight","year":"2012","unstructured":"Knight T, Steeves T, Day L, Lowerison M, Jette N, Pringsheim T (2012) Prevalence of tic disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Pediatr Neurol 47(2):77\u201390. doi:\n10.1016\/j.pediatrneurol.2012.05.002","journal-title":"Pediatr Neurol"},{"issue":"6","key":"718_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2009.09.002","volume":"67","author":"MH Bloch","year":"2009","unstructured":"Bloch MH, Leckman JF (2009) Clinical course of Tourette syndrome. J Psychosom Res 67(6):497\u2013501","journal-title":"J Psychosom Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"718_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.160.1.65","volume":"160","author":"MH Bloch","year":"2006","unstructured":"Bloch MH, Peterson BS, Scahill L, Otka J, Katsovich L, Zhang H et al (2006) Adulthood outcome of tic and obsessive-compulsive symptom severity in children with Tourette syndrome. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 160(1):65\u201369. doi:\n10.1001\/archpedi.160.1.65","journal-title":"Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"718_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1658","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.26766","volume":"31","author":"J Yang","year":"2016","unstructured":"Yang J, Hirsch L, Martino D, Jette N, Roberts J, Pringsheim T (2016) The prevalence of diagnosed tourette syndrome in Canada: a national population-based study. Mov Disord 31(11):1658\u20131663. doi:\n10.1002\/mds.26766","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"718_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.59.3.414","volume":"59","author":"R Kurlan","year":"2002","unstructured":"Kurlan R, Como P, Miller B, Palumbo D, Deeley C, Andresen EM et al (2002) The behavioural spectrum of tic disorders. A community based study. Neurology 59:414\u2013420","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"4","key":"718_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2014.2650","volume":"72","author":"ME Hirschtritt","year":"2015","unstructured":"Hirschtritt ME, Lee PC, Pauls DL, Dion Y, Grados MA, Illmann C, et al. Lifetime prevalence, age of risk, and genetic relationships of comorbid psychiatric disorders in Tourette syndrome. JAMA Psychiatry. 2015;72(4):325\u2013333. doi:\n10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2014.2650","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"issue":"6","key":"718_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1050","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2012.11.004","volume":"37","author":"C Ganos","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ganos C, Roessner V, Munchau A (2013) The functional anatomy of Gilles de la Tourette syndrome. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 37(6):1050\u20131062. doi:\n10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2012.11.004","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"issue":"1","key":"718_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2011.11.003","volume":"16","author":"MR Milad","year":"2012","unstructured":"Milad MR, Rauch SL (2012) Obsessive-compulsive disorder: beyond segregated cortico-striatal pathways. Trends Cogn Sci 16(1):43\u201351. doi:\n10.1016\/j.tics.2011.11.003","journal-title":"Trends Cogn Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"718_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2014.2656","volume":"72","author":"HA Browne","year":"2015","unstructured":"Browne HA, Hansen SN, Buxbaum JD, Gair SL, Nissen JB, Nikolajsen KH, et al. Familial clustering of tic disorders and obsessive-compulsive disorder. JAMA Psychiatry. 2015;72(4):359\u2013366. doi:\n10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2014.2656","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"issue":"11","key":"718_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1354","DOI":"10.1097\/01.chi.0000251211.36868.fe","volume":"45","author":"SE Stewart","year":"2006","unstructured":"Stewart SE, Illmann C, Geller DA, Leckman JF, King R, Pauls DL (2006) A controlled family study of attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder and Tourette\u2019s disorder. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 45(11):1354\u20131362. doi:\n10.1097\/01.chi.0000251211.36868.fe","journal-title":"J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"issue":"6","key":"718_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1089\/brain.2014.0324","volume":"5","author":"JK Kern","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kern JK, Geier DA, King PG, Sykes LK, Mehta JA, Geier MR (2015) Shared brain connectivity issues, symptoms, and comorbidities in autism spectrum disorder, attention deficit\/hyperactivity disorder, and Tourette syndrome. Brain Connect 5(6):321\u2013335. doi:\n10.1089\/brain.2014.0324","journal-title":"Brain Connect"},{"issue":"4","key":"718_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"416","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.20044","volume":"19","author":"DL Gilbert","year":"2004","unstructured":"Gilbert DL, Bansal AS, Sethuraman G, Sallee FR, Zhang J, Lipps T et al (2004) Association of cortical disinhibition with tic, ADHD, and OCD severity in Tourette syndrome. Mov Disord 19(4):416\u2013425. doi:\n10.1002\/mds.20044","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"issue":"1","key":"718_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2008.149484","volume":"80","author":"M Orth","year":"2009","unstructured":"Orth M, Rothwell JC (2009) Motor cortex excitability and comorbidity in Gilles de la Tourette syndrome. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 80(1):29\u201334. doi:\n10.1136\/jnnp.2008.149484","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"718_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1097\/01.CHI.0000024904.60748.3A","volume":"42","author":"DG Sukhodolsky","year":"2003","unstructured":"Sukhodolsky DG, Scahill L, Zhang H, Peterson BS, KIng R, Lombroso PJ et al (2003) Disruptive behaviour in children\u2019s with Tourette\u2019s syndrome: association with ADHD comorbidity, tic severity and functional impairment. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 42(1):98\u2013105. doi:\n10.1097\/01.CHI.0000024904.60748.3A","journal-title":"J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"718_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-007-1004-6","volume":"16","author":"V Roessner","year":"2007","unstructured":"Roessner V, Becker A, Banaschewski T, Freeman RD, Rothenberger A, Tourette Syndrome International Database C (2007) Developmental psychopathology of children and adolescents with Tourette syndrome\u2013impact of ADHD. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 16(Suppl 1):24\u201335. doi:\n10.1007\/s00787-007-1004-6","journal-title":"Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"issue":"6","key":"718_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.2008.03168.x","volume":"51","author":"T Pringsheim","year":"2009","unstructured":"Pringsheim T, Lang A, Kurlan R, Pearce M, Sandor P (2009) Understanding disability in Tourette syndrome. Dev Med Child Neurol 51(6):468\u2013472. doi:\n10.1111\/j.1469-8749.2008.03168.x","journal-title":"Dev Med Child Neurol"},{"issue":"2","key":"718_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1080\/15374410701279545","volume":"36","author":"EA Storch","year":"2007","unstructured":"Storch EA, Merlo LJ, Lack C, Milsom VA, Geffken GR, Goodman WK et al (2007) Quality of life in youth with Tourette\u2019s syndrome and chronic tic disorder. J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol 36(2):217\u2013227","journal-title":"J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol"},{"issue":"10","key":"718_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1203","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-200310000-00011","volume":"42","author":"T Ford","year":"2003","unstructured":"Ford T, Goodman R, Meltzer H (2003). The British Child and Adolescent Mental Health Survey 1999: The prevalence of DSM-IV disorders. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 42(10):1203\u20131211.","journal-title":"J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1 Pt 1","key":"718_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.102.1.14","volume":"102","author":"JF Leckman","year":"1998","unstructured":"Leckman JF, Zhang H, Vitale A, Lahnin F, Lynch K, Bondi C et al (1998) Course of tic severity in Tourette syndrome: the first two decades. Pediatrics 102(1 Pt 1):14\u201319","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"8","key":"718_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-012-0278-5","volume":"21","author":"ER Lebowitz","year":"2012","unstructured":"Lebowitz ER, Motlagh MG, Katsovich L, King RA, Lombroso PJ, Grantz H et al (2012) Tourette syndrome in youth with and without obsessive compulsive disorder and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 21(8):451\u2013457. doi:\n10.1007\/s00787-012-0278-5","journal-title":"Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"issue":"6","key":"718_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-199407000-00004","volume":"33","author":"SL Santangelo","year":"1994","unstructured":"Santangelo SL, Pauls DL, Goldstein JM, Faraone SV, Tsuang MT, Leckman JF (1994) Tourette\u2019s Syndrome: what are the influences of gender and comorbid obsessive-compulsive disorder? J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 33(6):795\u2013804","journal-title":"J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"718_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1752","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.280.20.1752","volume":"280","author":"JS March","year":"1998","unstructured":"March JS, Biederman J, Wolkow R, Safferman A, Mardekian J, Cook EH et al (1998) Sertraline in children and adolescents with obsessive-compulsive disorder: a multicenter randomized control trial. JAMA 280:1752\u20131756","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"3","key":"718_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2006.09.035","volume":"61","author":"JS March","year":"2007","unstructured":"March JS, Franklin ME, Leonard H, Garcia A, Moore P, Freeman J et al (2007) Tics moderate treatment outcome with sertraline but not cognitive-behavior therapy in pediatric obsessive-compulsive disorder. Biol Psychiatry 61(3):344\u2013347. doi:\n10.1016\/j.biopsych.2006.09.035","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"718_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-016-0936-0","author":"DR Hojgaard","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hojgaard DR, Skarphedinsson G, Nissen JB, Hybel KA, Ivarsson T, Thomsen PH (2016) Pediatric obsessive-compulsive disorder with tic symptoms: clinical presentation and treatment outcome. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry. doi:\n10.1007\/s00787-016-0936-0","journal-title":"Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"718_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pringsheim T, Steeves T (2011) Pharmacological treatment for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children with comorbid tic disorders. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 4 (CD007990)","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD007990.pub2"},{"issue":"4","key":"718_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.58.4.527","volume":"58","author":"R Kurlan","year":"2002","unstructured":"Kurlan R, Goetz CG, McDermott MP, Plumb S, Singer H, Dure L et al (2002) Treatment of ADHD in children with tics: A randomized controlled trial. Neurology 58(4):527\u2013536","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"2","key":"718_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1177\/070674371506000202","volume":"60","author":"T Pringsheim","year":"2015","unstructured":"Pringsheim T, Hirsch L, Gardner D, Gorman DA (2015) The pharmacological management of oppositional behaviour, conduct problems, and aggression in children and adolescents with disruptive behaviour disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Part 1: psychostimulants, alpha-2 agonists, and atomoxetine. Can J Psychiatry 60(2):42\u201351","journal-title":"Can J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"7","key":"718_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1067","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.158.7.1067","volume":"158","author":"L Scahill","year":"2001","unstructured":"Scahill L, Chappell PB, Kim YS, Schultz RT, Katsovich L, Shepherd E et al (2001) A placebo-controlled study of guanfacine in the treatment of children with tic disorders and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Am J Psychiatry 158(7):1067\u20131074","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"12","key":"718_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1341","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2013.09.015","volume":"52","author":"TK Murphy","year":"2013","unstructured":"Murphy TK, Lewin AB, Storch EA, Stock S (2013) Practice parameter for the assessment and treatment of children and adolescents with tic disorders. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 52(12):1341\u20131359","journal-title":"J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"718_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2014.11.045","volume":"225","author":"JF McGuire","year":"2015","unstructured":"McGuire JF, Arnold E, Park JM, Nadeau JM, Lewin AB, Murphy TK et al (2015) Living with tics: reduced impairment and improved quality of life for youth with chronic tic disorders. Psychiatry Res 225(3):571\u2013579. doi:\n10.1016\/j.psychres.2014.11.045","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"}],"container-title":["Child Psychiatry & Human Development"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10578-017-0718-z\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10578-017-0718-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10578-017-0718-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,9]],"date-time":"2017-11-09T01:36:19Z","timestamp":1510191379000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10578-017-0718-z"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,13]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,12]]}},"alternative-id":["718"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10578-017-0718-z","relation":{},"ISSN":["0009-398X","1573-3327"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0009-398X","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-3327","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,13]]}}}