{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T17:50:22Z","timestamp":1760205022126,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,21]],"date-time":"2019-06-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1561075200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,21]],"date-time":"2019-06-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1561075200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004321","name":"Shire","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004321","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Child Psychiatry Hum Dev"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10578-019-00904-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,21]],"date-time":"2019-06-21T13:03:35Z","timestamp":1561122215000},"page":"1049-1057","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Slow Processing Speed and Sluggish Cognitive Tempo in Pediatric Attention-Deficit\/Hyperactivity Disorder: Evidence for Differentiation of Functional Correlates"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"50","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1946-9023","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nathan E.","family":"Cook","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ellen B.","family":"Braaten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pieter J.","family":"Vuijk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"B. Andi","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anna R.","family":"Samkavitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alysa E.","family":"Doyle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Craig B. H.","family":"Surman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,21]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"904_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2013.09.001","volume":"53","author":"SN Visser","year":"2014","unstructured":"Visser SN, Danielson ML, Bitsko RH, Holbrook JR, Kogan MD, Ghandour RM et al (2014) Trends in the parent-report of health care provider-diagnosed and medicated attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder: United States, 2003\u20132011. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 53(1):34\u201346e2. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaac.2013.09.001","journal-title":"J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry."},{"issue":"3","key":"904_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpp.12381","volume":"56","author":"GV Polanczyk","year":"2015","unstructured":"Polanczyk GV, Salum GA, Sugaya LS, Caye A, Rohde LA (2015) Annual research review: a meta-analysis of the worldwide prevalence of mental disorders in children and adolescents. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 56(3):345\u2013365. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jcpp.12381","journal-title":"J Child Psychol Psychiatry"},{"key":"904_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596","volume-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"2013","unstructured":"American Psychiatric Association (2013) Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 5th edn. American Psychiatric Publishing, Arlington","edition":"5"},{"issue":"1","key":"904_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1007\/s11065-011-9185-7","volume":"22","author":"AE Pritchard","year":"2012","unstructured":"Pritchard AE, Nigro CA, Jacobson LA, Mahone EM (2012) The role of neuropsychological assessment in the functional outcomes of children with ADHD. Neuropsychol Rev 22(1):54\u201368. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11065-011-9185-7","journal-title":"Neuropsychol Rev"},{"issue":"11","key":"904_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1336","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2005.02.006","volume":"57","author":"EG Willcutt","year":"2005","unstructured":"Willcutt EG, Doyle AE, Nigg JT, Faraone SV, Pennington BF (2005) Validity of the executive function theory of attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder: a meta-analytic review. Biol Psychiatry 57(11):1336\u20131346. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biopsych.2005.02.006","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"issue":"6","key":"904_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1080\/09297049.2010.485126","volume":"16","author":"TL Goth-Owens","year":"2010","unstructured":"Goth-Owens TL, Martinez-Torteya C, Martel MM, Nigg JT (2010) Processing speed weakness in children and adolescents with non-hyperactive but inattentive ADHD (ADD). Child Neuropsychol 16(6):577\u2013591. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/09297049.2010.485126","journal-title":"Child Neuropsychol"},{"issue":"5","key":"904_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1007\/s10802-006-9037-8","volume":"34","author":"MA Shanahan","year":"2006","unstructured":"Shanahan MA, Pennington BF, Yerys BE, Scott A, Boada R, Willcutt EG et al (2006) Processing speed deficits in attention deficit\/hyperactivity disorder and reading disability. J Abnorm Child Psychol 34(5):585\u2013602. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10802-006-9037-8","journal-title":"J Abnorm Child Psychol"},{"key":"904_CR8","volume-title":"Bright kids who can\u2019t keep up: help your child overcome slow processing speed and succeed in a fast-paced world","author":"EB Braaten","year":"2014","unstructured":"Braaten EB, Willoughby BLB (2014) Bright kids who can\u2019t keep up: help your child overcome slow processing speed and succeed in a fast-paced world. Guilford, New York"},{"issue":"6","key":"904_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1080\/09297040601112773","volume":"13","author":"SD Mayes","year":"2007","unstructured":"Mayes SD, Calhoun SL (2007) Learning, attention, writing, and processing speed in typical children and children with ADHD, autism, anxiety, depression, and oppositional-defiant disorder. Child Neuropsychol 13(6):469\u2013493. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/09297040601112773","journal-title":"Child Neuropsychol"},{"issue":"5","key":"904_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"598","DOI":"10.1080\/09297049.2017.1307952","volume":"24","author":"NE Cook","year":"2018","unstructured":"Cook NE, Braaten EB, Surman CBH (2018) Clinical and functional correlates of processing speed in pediatric attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Child Neuropsychol 24(5):598\u2013616. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/09297049.2017.1307952","journal-title":"Child Neuropsychol"},{"issue":"4","key":"904_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1177\/1087054711428806","volume":"17","author":"NS Thaler","year":"2013","unstructured":"Thaler NS, Bello DT, Etcoff LM (2013) WISC-IV profiles are associated with differences in symptomatology and outcome in children with ADHD. J Atten Disord 17(4):291\u2013301. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1087054711428806","journal-title":"J Atten Disord"},{"issue":"3","key":"904_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1037\/h0087427","volume":"57","author":"RL Rosnow","year":"2003","unstructured":"Rosnow RL, Rosenthal R (2003) Effect sizes for experimenting psychologists. Can J Exp Psychol 57(3):221\u2013237","journal-title":"Can J Exp Psychol"},{"issue":"3","key":"904_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1037\/a0016600","volume":"21","author":"AM Penny","year":"2009","unstructured":"Penny AM, Waschbusch DA, Klein RM, Corkum P, Eskes G (2009) Developing a measure of sluggish cognitive tempo for children: content validity, factor structure, and reliability. Psychol Assess 21(3):380\u2013389. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/a0016600","journal-title":"Psychol Assess"},{"issue":"1","key":"904_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1007\/s10802-013-9714-3","volume":"42","author":"S Lee","year":"2014","unstructured":"Lee S, Burns GL, Snell J, McBurnett K (2014) Validity of the sluggish cognitive tempo symptom dimension in children: sluggish cognitive tempo and ADHD-inattention as distinct symptom dimensions. J Abnorm Child Psychol 42(1):7\u201319. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10802-013-9714-3","journal-title":"J Abnorm Child Psychol"},{"issue":"3","key":"904_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2015.12.006","volume":"55","author":"SP Becker","year":"2016","unstructured":"Becker SP, Leopold DR, Burns GL, Jarrett MA, Langberg JM, Marshall SA et al (2016) The internal, external, and diagnostic validity of sluggish cognitive tempo: a meta-analysis and critical review. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 55(3):163\u2013178. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaac.2015.12.006","journal-title":"J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"904_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1007\/s10802-013-9824-y","volume":"42","author":"RA Barkley","year":"2014","unstructured":"Barkley RA (2014) Sluggish cognitive tempo (concentration deficit disorder?): current status, future directions, and a plea to change the name. J Abnorm Child Psychol 42:117\u2013125","journal-title":"J Abnorm Child Psychol"},{"key":"904_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1080\/15374416.2012.734259","volume":"42","author":"RA Barkley","year":"2013","unstructured":"Barkley RA (2013) Distinguishing sluggish cognitive tempo from ADHD in children and adolescents: executive functioning, impairment, and comorbidity. J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol 42:161\u2013173","journal-title":"J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol"},{"key":"904_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1080\/09297041003671176","volume":"16","author":"C Wahlstedt","year":"2010","unstructured":"Wahlstedt C, Bohlin G (2010) DSM-IV-defined inattention and sluggish cognitive tempo: independent and interactive relations to neuropsychological factors and comorbidity. Child Neuropsychol 16:350\u2013365","journal-title":"Child Neuropsychol"},{"key":"904_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1007\/s10802-013-9800-6","volume":"42","author":"EG Willcutt","year":"2014","unstructured":"Willcutt EG, Chhabildas N, Kinnear M, DeFries JC, Olson RK, Leopold DR et al (2014) The internal and external validity of sluggish cognitive tempo and its relation with DSM-IV ADHD. J Abnorm Child Psychol 42:21\u201335","journal-title":"J Abnorm Child Psychol"},{"key":"904_CR20","volume-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders : DSM-IV-TR","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"2000","unstructured":"American Psychiatric Association (2000) Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders : DSM-IV-TR. American Psychiatric Association, Washington, DC"},{"issue":"1","key":"904_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.2307\/2529310","volume":"33","author":"JR Landis","year":"1977","unstructured":"Landis JR, Koch GG (1977) The measurement of observer agreement for categorical data. Biometrics 33(1):159\u2013174","journal-title":"Biometrics"},{"key":"904_CR22","volume-title":"Child symptom inventory-4 screening and norms manual","author":"KD Gadow","year":"2002","unstructured":"Gadow KD, Sprafkin J (2002) Child symptom inventory-4 screening and norms manual. Checkmate Plus, Stony Brook"},{"key":"904_CR23","volume-title":"Manual for the ASEBA school-age forms & profiles","author":"TM Achenbach","year":"2001","unstructured":"Achenbach TM, Rescorla LA (2001) Manual for the ASEBA school-age forms & profiles. University of Vermont, Research Center for Children, Youth, and Families, Burlington"},{"key":"904_CR24","volume-title":"Adaptive behavior assessment system manual","author":"PL Harrison","year":"2003","unstructured":"Harrison PL, Oakland T (2003) Adaptive behavior assessment system manual, 2nd edn. Western Psychological Services, Los Angeles","edition":"2"},{"key":"904_CR25","volume-title":"Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children\u00ae","author":"D Wechsler","year":"2003","unstructured":"Wechsler D (2003) Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children\u00ae, 4th edn. Pearson, San Antonio","edition":"4"},{"key":"904_CR26","volume-title":"Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children\u00ae","author":"D Wechsler","year":"2014","unstructured":"Wechsler D (2014) Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children\u00ae, 5th edn. Pearson, San Antonio","edition":"5"},{"key":"904_CR27","volume-title":"WISC-V technical and interpretive manual","author":"D Wechsler","year":"2014","unstructured":"Wechsler D (2014) WISC-V technical and interpretive manual. NCS Pearson, Inc., Bloomington"},{"key":"904_CR28","volume-title":"Wechsler Individual Achievement Test\u00ae","author":"D Wechsler","year":"2009","unstructured":"Wechsler D (2009) Wechsler Individual Achievement Test\u00ae, 3rd edn. Pearson, San Antonio","edition":"3"},{"issue":"1","key":"904_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.112.1.155","volume":"112","author":"J Cohen","year":"1992","unstructured":"Cohen J (1992) A power primer. Psychol Bull 112(1):155\u2013159","journal-title":"Psychol Bull"},{"key":"904_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1002\/pits.20067","volume":"42","author":"SL Calhoun","year":"2005","unstructured":"Calhoun SL, Mayes SD (2005) Processing speed in children with clinical disorders. Psychol Sch 42:333\u2013343","journal-title":"Psychol Sch"},{"issue":"3","key":"904_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1037","DOI":"10.1037\/pas0000083","volume":"27","author":"SP Becker","year":"2015","unstructured":"Becker SP, Luebbe AM, Joyce AM (2015) The Child Concentration Inventory (CCI): initial validation of a child self-report measure of sluggish cognitive tempo. Psychol Assess 27(3):1037\u20131052. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/pas0000083","journal-title":"Psychol Assess"}],"container-title":["Child Psychiatry & Human Development"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10578-019-00904-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10578-019-00904-6\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10578-019-00904-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,19]],"date-time":"2020-06-19T23:16:06Z","timestamp":1592608566000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10578-019-00904-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,21]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]}},"alternative-id":["904"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10578-019-00904-6","relation":{},"ISSN":["0009-398X","1573-3327"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0009-398X"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1573-3327"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,21]]},"assertion":[{"value":"21 June 2019","order":1,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with Ethical Standards"}},{"value":"All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and\/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical Approval"}},{"value":"It was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed Consent"}}]}}