{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,13]],"date-time":"2026-06-13T02:20:22Z","timestamp":1781317222271,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,9]],"date-time":"2019-11-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1573257600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,9]],"date-time":"2019-11-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1573257600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["31700961"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31700961"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003453","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2017A030310423"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017A030310423"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003453","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Child Psychiatry Hum Dev"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,8]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10578-019-00939-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,9]],"date-time":"2019-11-09T09:02:52Z","timestamp":1573290172000},"page":"563-571","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Variants of Children with Psychopathic Tendencies in a Community Sample"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"51","author":[{"given":"Jiasheng","family":"Huang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linlin","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kexiu","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8977-4894","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuyin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"939_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1177\/070674370905401202","volume":"54","author":"RD Hare","year":"2009","unstructured":"Hare RD, Neumann CS (2009) Psychopathy: assessment and forensic implications. Can J Psychiatry 54:791\u2013802","journal-title":"Can J Psychiatry"},{"key":"939_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1012225108281","volume":"29","author":"RJR Blair","year":"2001","unstructured":"Blair RJR, Colledge E, Murray L, Mitchell D (2001) A selective impairment in the processing of sad and fearful expressions in children with psychopathic tendencies. J Abnorm Child Psychol 29:491\u2013498","journal-title":"J Abnorm Child Psychol"},{"key":"939_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.111.092072","volume":"200","author":"M Rutter","year":"2012","unstructured":"Rutter M (2012) Psychopathy in childhood: is it a meaningful diagnosis? Br J Psychiatry 200:175\u2013176","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"key":"939_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.1080\/15374416.2014.979934","volume":"45","author":"M Docherty","year":"2016","unstructured":"Docherty M, Boxer P, Huesmann LR et al (2016) Exploring primary and secondary variants of psychopathy in adolescents in detention and in the community. J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol 45:564\u2013578","journal-title":"J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol"},{"key":"939_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"964","DOI":"10.1007\/s10964-013-9958-9","volume":"42","author":"KA Fanti","year":"2013","unstructured":"Fanti KA, Demetriou CA, Kimonis ER (2013) Variants of callous-unemotional conduct problems in a community sample of adolescents. J Youth Adolesc 42:964\u2013979","journal-title":"J Youth Adolesc"},{"key":"939_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1091","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579412000557","volume":"24","author":"ER Kimonis","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kimonis ER, Frick PJ, Cauffman E et al (2012) Primary and secondary variants of juvenile psychopathy differ in emotional processing. Dev Psychopathol 24:1091\u20131103","journal-title":"Dev Psychopathol"},{"key":"939_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1007\/s10802-016-0179-z","volume":"45","author":"RE Kahn","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kahn RE, Frick PJ, Golmaryami FN, Marsee MA (2017) The moderating role of anxiety in the associations of callous-unemotional traits with self-report and laboratory measures of affective and cognitive empathy. J Abnorm Child Psychol 45:583\u2013596","journal-title":"J Abnorm Child Psychol"},{"key":"939_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"966","DOI":"10.1037\/a0032880","volume":"25","author":"RE Kahn","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kahn RE, Frick PJ, Youngstrom EA et al (2013) Distinguishing primary and secondary variants of callous-unemotional traits among adolescents in a clinic-referred sample. Psychol Assess 25:966\u2013978","journal-title":"Psychol Assess"},{"key":"939_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1149","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579416001206","volume":"29","author":"ER Kimonis","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kimonis ER, Fanti KA, Goulter N, Hall J (2017) Affective startle potentiation differentiates primary and secondary variants of juvenile psychopathy. Dev Psychopathol 29:1149\u20131160","journal-title":"Dev Psychopathol"},{"key":"939_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1037\/abn0000038","volume":"124","author":"ME Olver","year":"2015","unstructured":"Olver ME, Sewall LA, Sarty GE et al (2015) A cluster analytic examination and external validation of psychopathic offender subtypes in a multisite sample of Canadian federal offenders. J Abnorm Psychol 124:355\u2013371","journal-title":"J Abnorm Psychol"},{"key":"939_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1023899703866","volume":"31","author":"PJ Frick","year":"2003","unstructured":"Frick PJ, Cornell AH, Barry CT et al (2003) Callous-unemotional traits and conduct problems in the prediction of conduct problem severity, aggression, and self-report of delinquency. J Abnorm Child Psychol 31:457\u2013470","journal-title":"J Abnorm Child Psychol"},{"key":"939_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1037\/a0033076","volume":"140","author":"PJ Frick","year":"2014","unstructured":"Frick PJ, Ray JV, Thornton LC, Kahn RE (2014) Can callous-unemotional traits enhance the understanding, diagnosis, and treatment of serious conduct problems in children and adolescents? A comprehensive review. Psychol Bull 140:1\u201357","journal-title":"Psychol Bull"},{"key":"939_CR13","first-page":"137","volume-title":"Treatment of childhood disorders","author":"RJ McMahon","year":"2006","unstructured":"McMahon RJ, Wells KC, Kotler JS (2006) Conduct Problems. In: Mash EJ, Barkley RA (eds) Treatment of childhood disorders, 3rd edn. Guilford Press, New York, pp 137\u2013268","edition":"3"},{"key":"939_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.1177\/070674370905401203","volume":"54","author":"PJ Frick","year":"2009","unstructured":"Frick PJ (2009) Extending the construct of psychopathy to youth: implications for understanding, diagnosing, and treating antisocial children and adolescents. Can J Psychiatry 54:803\u2013812","journal-title":"Can J Psychiatry"},{"key":"939_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"811","DOI":"10.1007\/s10802-013-9726-z","volume":"41","author":"KA Fanti","year":"2013","unstructured":"Fanti KA (2013) Individual, social, and behavioral factors associated with co-occurring conduct problems and callous-unemotional traits. J Abnorm Child Psychol 41:811\u2013824","journal-title":"J Abnorm Child Psychol"},{"key":"939_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596","volume-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"2013","unstructured":"American Psychiatric Association (2013) Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 5th edn. American Psychiatric Publishing Inc, Washington, DC","edition":"5"},{"key":"939_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579413000527","volume":"26","author":"PC Herpers","year":"2014","unstructured":"Herpers PC, Scheepers FE, Bons DM et al (2014) The cognitive and neural correlates of psychopathy and especially callous\u2013unemotional traits in youths: a systematic review of the evidence. Dev Psychopathol 26:245\u2013273","journal-title":"Dev Psychopathol"},{"key":"939_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1007\/s10578-014-0497-8","volume":"46","author":"BF Andrade","year":"2015","unstructured":"Andrade BF, Sorge GB, Na JJ, Wharton-Shukster E (2015) Clinical profiles of children with disruptive behaviors based on the severity of their conduct problems, callous-unemotional traits and emotional difficulties. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 46:567\u2013576","journal-title":"Child Psychiatry Hum Dev"},{"key":"939_CR19","first-page":"112","volume":"3","author":"B Karpman","year":"1941","unstructured":"Karpman B (1941) On the need of separating psychopathy into two distinct clinical types: the symptomatic and the idiopathic. J Crim Psychopathol 3:112\u2013137","journal-title":"J Crim Psychopathol"},{"key":"939_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1016\/S0010-440X(63)80056-5","volume":"4","author":"S Arieti","year":"1963","unstructured":"Arieti S (1963) Psychopathic personality: some views on its psychopathology and psychodynamics. Compr Psychiatry 4:301\u2013312","journal-title":"Compr Psychiatry"},{"key":"939_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1037\/1040-3590.16.3.276","volume":"16","author":"BM Hicks","year":"2004","unstructured":"Hicks BM, Markon KE, Patrick CJ et al (2004) Identifying psychopathy subtypes on the basis of personality structure. Psychol Assess 16:276\u2013288","journal-title":"Psychol Assess"},{"key":"939_CR22","volume-title":"The antisocial personalities","author":"DT Lykken","year":"1995","unstructured":"Lykken DT (1995) The antisocial personalities. Psychology Press, New York"},{"key":"939_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1017\/S0140525X00039595","volume":"18","author":"L Mealey","year":"1995","unstructured":"Mealey L (1995) The sociobiology of sociopathy: an integrated evolutionary model. Behav Brain Sci 18:523\u2013541","journal-title":"Behav Brain Sci"},{"key":"939_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2007.10.012","volume":"44","author":"D Falkenbach","year":"2008","unstructured":"Falkenbach D, Poythress N, Creevy C (2008) The exploration of subclinical psychopathic subtypes and the relationship with types of aggression. Pers Individ Differ 44:821\u2013832","journal-title":"Pers Individ Differ"},{"key":"939_CR25","first-page":"79","volume":"15","author":"A Rosan","year":"2015","unstructured":"Rosan A, Frick PJ, Gottlieb KA, Fasicaru L (2015) Callous-unemotional traits and anxiety in a sample of detained adolescents in Romania. J Evid Based Psychother 15:79\u201395","journal-title":"J Evid Based Psychother"},{"key":"939_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1007\/s10979-010-9243-3","volume":"35","author":"ER Kimonis","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kimonis ER, Skeem JL, Cauffman E, Dmitrieva J (2011) Are secondary variants of juvenile psychopathy more reactively violent and less psychosocially mature than primary variants? Law Hum Behav 35:381\u2013391","journal-title":"Law Hum Behav"},{"key":"939_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1037\/a0023908","volume":"2","author":"PS Blagov","year":"2011","unstructured":"Blagov PS, Patrick CJ, Lilienfeld SO et al (2011) Personality constellations in incarcerated psychopathic men. Pers Disord Theory Res Treat 2:293\u2013315","journal-title":"Pers Disord Theory Res Treat"},{"key":"939_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"786","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn3577","volume":"14","author":"RJR Blair","year":"2013","unstructured":"Blair RJR (2013) The neurobiology of psychopathic traits in youths. Nat Rev Neurosci 14:786\u2013799","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"939_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1001\/archgenpsychiatry.2008.525","volume":"66","author":"PR Goldin","year":"2009","unstructured":"Goldin PR, Manber T, Hakimi S et al (2009) Neural bases of social anxiety disorder: emotional reactivity and cognitive regulation during social and physical threat. Arch Gen Psychiatry 66:170\u2013180","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"939_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1413","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.72.6.1413","volume":"72","author":"PA Arnett","year":"1997","unstructured":"Arnett PA, Smith SS, Newman JP (1997) Approach and avoidance motivation in psychopathic criminal offenders during passive avoidance. J Pers Soc Psychol 72:1413\u20131428","journal-title":"J Pers Soc Psychol"},{"key":"939_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"610","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.111.4.610","volume":"111","author":"SK Sutton","year":"2002","unstructured":"Sutton SK, Vitale JE, Newman JP (2002) Emotion among women with psychopathy during picture perception. J Abnorm Psychol 111:610\u2013619","journal-title":"J Abnorm Psychol"},{"key":"939_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1037\/1528-3542.2.2.91","volume":"2","author":"AR Lorenz","year":"2002","unstructured":"Lorenz AR, Newman JP (2002) Deficient response modulation and emotion processing in low-anxious Caucasian psychopathic offenders: results from a lexical decision task. Emotion 2:91\u2013104","journal-title":"Emotion"},{"key":"939_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/0191-8869(87)90014-6","volume":"8","author":"R Blackburn","year":"1987","unstructured":"Blackburn R (1987) Two scales for the assessment of personality disorder in antisocial populations. Pers Individ Differ 8:81\u201393. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0191-8869(87)90014-6","journal-title":"Pers Individ Differ"},{"key":"939_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"773","DOI":"10.1007\/s10802-014-9946-x","volume":"43","author":"F Euler","year":"2015","unstructured":"Euler F, Jenkel N, Stadler C et al (2015) Variants of girls and boys with conduct disorder: anxiety symptoms and callous-unemotional traits. J Abnorm Child Psychol 43:773\u2013785","journal-title":"J Abnorm Child Psychol"},{"key":"939_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1348\/135532504X15376","volume":"10","author":"J Vassileva","year":"2005","unstructured":"Vassileva J, Kosson DS, Abramowitz C, Conrod P (2005) Psychopathy versus psychopathies in classifying criminal offenders. Leg Criminol Psychol 10:27\u201343","journal-title":"Leg Criminol Psychol"},{"key":"939_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1037\/a0018611","volume":"119","author":"NG Poythress","year":"2010","unstructured":"Poythress NG, Edens JF, Skeem JL et al (2010) Identifying subtypes among offenders with antisocial personality disorder: a cluster-analytic study. J Abnorm Psychol 119:389\u2013400","journal-title":"J Abnorm Psychol"},{"key":"939_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1007\/s10802-009-9372-7","volume":"38","author":"Z Lee","year":"2010","unstructured":"Lee Z, Salekin RT, Iselin A-MR (2010) Psychopathic traits in youth: is there evidence for primary and secondary subtypes? J Abnorm Child Psychol 38:381\u2013393","journal-title":"J Abnorm Child Psychol"},{"key":"939_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1177\/1541204015577000","volume":"14","author":"JL Flexon","year":"2016","unstructured":"Flexon JL (2016) Callous-unemotional traits and differently motivated aggression: an examination of variants in a noninstitutionalized sample. Youth Violence Juv Justice 14:367\u2013389","journal-title":"Youth Violence Juv Justice"},{"key":"939_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1177\/1541204009333792","volume":"7","author":"MG Vaughn","year":"2009","unstructured":"Vaughn MG, Edens JF, Howard MO, Smith ST (2009) An investigation of primary and secondary psychopathy in a statewide sample of incarcerated youth. Youth Violence and Juvenile. Youth Violence Juv Justice 7:172\u2013188","journal-title":"Youth Violence Juv Justice"},{"key":"939_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.1521\/pedi.2008.22.6.604","volume":"22","author":"R Blackburn","year":"2008","unstructured":"Blackburn R, Logan C, Donnelly JP, Renwick SJD (2008) Identifying psychopathic subtypes: combining an empirical personality classification of offenders With The Psychopathy Checklist-Revised. J Pers Disord 22:604\u2013622","journal-title":"J Pers Disord"},{"key":"939_CR41","first-page":"1013","volume":"3","author":"A Sethi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Sethi A, McCrory E, Puetz V et al (2018) Primary and secondary variants of psychopathy in a volunteer sample are associated with different neurocognitive mechanisms. Biol Psychiatry Cogn Neurosci Neuroimaging 3:1013\u20131021","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry Cogn Neurosci Neuroimaging"},{"key":"939_CR42","unstructured":"Office of Population and Employment of Guangdong Province (2013) Educational levels of the employed population in Guangdong Province. \nhttp:\/\/www.gdstats.gov.cn\/tjzl\/tjfx\/201306\/t20130618_122622.html\n\n. Accessed 11 Sep 2019"},{"key":"939_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-4642(18)30022-1","volume":"2","author":"SM Sawyer","year":"2018","unstructured":"Sawyer SM, Azzopardi PS, Wickremarathne D, Patton GC (2018) The age of adolescence. Lancet Child Adolesc Health 2:223\u2013228","journal-title":"Lancet Child Adolesc Health"},{"key":"939_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.73.3.400","volume":"73","author":"MR Dadds","year":"2005","unstructured":"Dadds MR, Fraser J, Frost A, Hawes DJ (2005) Disentangling the underlying dimensions of psychopathy and conduct problems in childhood: a community study. J Consult Clin Psychol 73:400\u2013410","journal-title":"J Consult Clin Psychol"},{"key":"939_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1080\/15374416.2011.581624","volume":"40","author":"DJ Hawes","year":"2011","unstructured":"Hawes DJ, Dadds MR, Frost AD, Hasking PA (2011) Do childhood callous-unemotional traits drive change in parenting practices? J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol 40:507\u2013518","journal-title":"J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol"},{"key":"939_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1007\/s10578-015-0598-z","volume":"47","author":"MR Dadds","year":"2016","unstructured":"Dadds MR, Gale N, Godbee M et al (2016) Expression and regulation of attachment-related emotions in children with conduct problems and callous-unemotional traits. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 47:647\u2013656","journal-title":"Child Psychiatry Hum Dev"},{"key":"939_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"838","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2012.02544.x","volume":"53","author":"DS Pasalich","year":"2012","unstructured":"Pasalich DS, Dadds MR, Hawes DJ, Brennan J (2012) Attachment and callous-unemotional traits in children with early-onset conduct problems. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 53:838\u2013845","journal-title":"J Child Psychol Psychiatry"},{"key":"939_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1037\/1082-989X.9.1.3","volume":"9","author":"DJ Bauer","year":"2004","unstructured":"Bauer DJ, Curran PJ (2004) The integration of continuous and discrete latent variable models: potential problems and promising opportunities. Psychol Methods 9:3\u201329","journal-title":"Psychol Methods"},{"key":"939_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.1093\/biomet\/88.3.767","volume":"88","author":"Y Lo","year":"2001","unstructured":"Lo Y, Mendell NR, Rubin DB (2001) Testing the number of components in a normal mixture. Biometrika 88:767\u2013778","journal-title":"Biometrika"},{"key":"939_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/0471704091","volume-title":"Applied linear regression","author":"S Weisberg","year":"2005","unstructured":"Weisberg S (2005) Applied linear regression. Wiley, New Jersey"},{"key":"939_CR51","first-page":"113","volume-title":"Multivariate applications in substance use research","author":"B Muth\u00e9n","year":"2000","unstructured":"Muth\u00e9n B (2000) Methodological issues in random coefficient growth modeling using a latent variable framework: applications to the development of heavy drinking. In: Rose Jennifer S, Chassin Laurie, Presson Clark C, Sherman Steven J (eds) Multivariate applications in substance use research. Psychology Press, New York, pp 113\u2013140"},{"key":"939_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579409000017","volume":"21","author":"RE Dahl","year":"2009","unstructured":"Dahl RE, Gunnar MR (2009) Heightened stress responsiveness and emotional reactivity during pubertal maturation: implications for psychopathology. Dev Psychopathol 21:1\u20136","journal-title":"Dev Psychopathol"},{"key":"939_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1235","DOI":"10.1037\/a0028297","volume":"12","author":"JA Silvers","year":"2012","unstructured":"Silvers JA, McRae K, Gabrieli JDE et al (2012) Age-related differences in emotional reactivity, regulation, and rejection sensitivity in adolescence. Emotion 12:1235\u20131247","journal-title":"Emotion"},{"key":"939_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1002\/bsl.568","volume":"21","author":"PJ Frick","year":"2003","unstructured":"Frick PJ, Kimonis ER, Dandreaux DM, Farell JM (2003) The 4\u00a0year stability of psychopathic traits in non-referred youth. Behav Sci Law 21:713\u2013736","journal-title":"Behav Sci Law"},{"key":"939_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"730","DOI":"10.1037\/a0022620","volume":"120","author":"NMG Fontaine","year":"2011","unstructured":"Fontaine NMG, McCrory EJP, Boivin M et al (2011) Predictors and outcomes of joint trajectories of callous\u2013unemotional traits and conduct problems in childhood. J Abnorm Psychol 120:730\u2013742","journal-title":"J Abnorm Psychol"},{"key":"939_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"976","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpp.12569","volume":"57","author":"TD Wall","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wall TD, Frick PJ, Fanti KA et al (2016) Factors differentiating callous-unemotional children with and without conduct problems. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 57:976\u2013983","journal-title":"J Child Psychol Psychiatry"},{"key":"939_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579417000475","volume":"30","author":"MR Dadds","year":"2018","unstructured":"Dadds MR, Kimonis ER, Schollar-Root O et al (2018) Are impairments in emotion recognition a core feature of callous\u2013unemotional traits? Testing the primary versus secondary variants model in children. Dev Psychopathol 30:67\u201377","journal-title":"Dev Psychopathol"},{"key":"939_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1037\/abn0000042","volume":"124","author":"A Mokros","year":"2015","unstructured":"Mokros A, Hare RD, Neumann CS et al (2015) Variants of psychopathy in adult male offenders: a latent profile analysis. J Abnorm Psychol 124:372\u2013386","journal-title":"J Abnorm Psychol"},{"key":"939_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2013.03.001","volume":"33","author":"R Waller","year":"2013","unstructured":"Waller R, Gardner F, Hyde LW (2013) What are the associations between parenting, callous\u2013unemotional traits, and antisocial behavior in youth? A systematic review of evidence. Clin Psychol Rev 33:593\u2013608","journal-title":"Clin Psychol Rev"},{"key":"939_CR60","first-page":"147","volume-title":"Antisocial behavior in children and adolescents: a developmental analysis and model for intervention","author":"GR Patterson","year":"2002","unstructured":"Patterson GR, Yoerger K (2002) A developmental model for early-and late-onset delinquency. In: Reid JB, Patterson GR, Snyder J (eds) Antisocial behavior in children and adolescents: a developmental analysis and model for intervention. American Psychological Association, Washington, DC, pp 147\u2013172"},{"key":"939_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1037\/0012-1649.41.1.30","volume":"41","author":"J Snyder","year":"2005","unstructured":"Snyder J, Cramer A, Afrank J, Patterson GR (2005) The contributions of ineffective discipline and parental hostile attributions of child misbehavior to the development of conduct problems at home and school. Dev Psychol 41:30\u201341","journal-title":"Dev Psychol"}],"container-title":["Child Psychiatry &amp; Human Development"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10578-019-00939-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10578-019-00939-9\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10578-019-00939-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,8]],"date-time":"2020-11-08T00:56:34Z","timestamp":1604796994000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10578-019-00939-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,9]]},"references-count":61,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,8]]}},"alternative-id":["939"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10578-019-00939-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["0009-398X","1573-3327"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0009-398X","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-3327","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"9 November 2019","order":1,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with Ethical Standards"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and\/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical Approval"}},{"value":"Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed Consent"}}]}}