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However, treatment success should not be measured with social anxiety reports alone; the cognitive, behavioral, and physiological components of social stress should also be assessed. The authors examined an exposure-based SAD-specific group cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) in a randomized controlled trial (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200967, age 9\u201313\u00a0years, blind randomized allocation to treatment [CBT; <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200931] and waitlist control [WLC; <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200936] groups). Success was operationalized as a clinically significant reduction of symptoms measured with SAD-specific questionnaires, structured interviews, and changes in response to the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST). In the CBT group, there was a trend toward a significant increase in positive cognitions in the TSST after treatment (<jats:italic>d<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.37), whereas these positive cognitions decreased in the WLC group (<jats:italic>d<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.40). No significant results involving group appeared for negative cognitions, behavior and physiology. Children in the CBT group, but not parents, further reported less social anxiety in one questionnaire from pre- to post-treatment (<jats:italic>d<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.89). A structured interview confirmed a decrease in severity of SAD in the CBT group. While the gold standard of a blind interview showed efficacy of treatment, not all trait and state measures demonstrated similar success patterns.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>Trial registration<\/jats:italic> Eligibility criteria and some of the dependent variables (cognitions, physiology) for treatment success were registered with the German Research Foundation (TU 78\/5-2, HE 3342\/4-2) prior to recruitment. Clinical assessment of diagnosis and behavioral data were not a priori planned as outcome measures for this trial and therefore analyzed in a post-hoc approach.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10578-019-00954-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,20]],"date-time":"2020-01-20T08:02:46Z","timestamp":1579507366000},"page":"427-441","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Experience Versus Report: Where Are Changes Seen After Exposure-Based Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy? A Randomized Controlled Group Treatment of Childhood Social Anxiety Disorder"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"51","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2740-6070","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julia","family":"Asbrand","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nina","family":"Heinrichs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Steffen","family":"Schmidtendorf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kai","family":"Nitschke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Brunna","family":"Tuschen-Caffier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"954_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1181","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2006.07.015","volume":"45","author":"PA Rao","year":"2007","unstructured":"Rao PA, Beidel DC, Turner SM, Ammerman RT, Crosby LE, Sallee FR (2007) Social anxiety disorder in childhood and adolescence: descriptive psychopathology. 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