{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T21:05:58Z","timestamp":1792789558346,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,11]],"date-time":"2021-02-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1613001600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,11]],"date-time":"2021-02-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1613001600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005416","name":"Norges Forskningsr\u00e5d","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["256598"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["256598"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005416","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"NORCE Norwegian Research Centre AS"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Child Psychiatry Hum Dev"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Among youth in foster care (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009303, aged 11\u201317\u00a0years), we investigated prevalence of internalizing symptoms; associations between symptom level and maltreatment types and numbers; and the interaction between gender and maltreatment, on internalizing symptoms. Youth completed Spence Children Anxiety Scale, Short Mood Feelings Questionnaire, and Child and Adolescent Trauma Screen. Compared to community samples, symptom levels above clinical cut-off was more frequent, with social- and generalized anxiety (ES\u2009=\u20090.78\u20130.88) being most prevalent among youth in foster care. Girls reported more internalizing symptoms (ES\u2009=\u20090.59\u20130.93). Sexual abuse and neglect were associated with a broader range of internalizing symptoms (ES\u2009=\u20090.35\u20130.64). Increased incidence of maltreatment was associated with increased levels of symptoms (ES\u2009=\u20090.21\u20130.22). Associations between maltreatment and symptom level were stronger for girls. This study stresses the importance of broad screening of maltreatment and internalizing symptoms to meet the needs of youth in foster care.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10578-020-01118-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,11]],"date-time":"2021-02-11T18:10:57Z","timestamp":1613067057000},"page":"375-388","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Internalizing Symptoms Among Youth in Foster Care: Prevalence and Associations with Exposure to Maltreatment"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"53","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4641-2989","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yasmin","family":"Moussavi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0913-5473","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gro Janne","family":"Wergeland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0968-7537","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tormod","family":"B\u00f8e","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9114-4856","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bente Storm Mowatt","family":"Haugland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1965-4410","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marit","family":"Larsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3660-0601","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stine","family":"Lehmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,11]]},"reference":[{"issue":"7","key":"1118_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2622","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000002622","volume":"95","author":"G Bronsard","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bronsard G et al (2016) The prevalence of mental disorders among children and adolescents in the child welfare system: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine 95(7):e2622. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/MD.0000000000002622","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"1118_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-015-0700-x","volume":"25","author":"T Jozefiak","year":"2016","unstructured":"Jozefiak T, Kayed NS, Rimehaug T, Wormdal AK, Brubakk AM, Wichstrom L (2016) Prevalence and comorbidity of mental disorders among adolescents living in residential youth care. Eur Child Adoles Psy 25(1):33\u201347. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00787-015-0700-x","journal-title":"Eur Child Adoles Psy"},{"key":"1118_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1753-2000-7-39","author":"S Lehmann","year":"2013","unstructured":"Lehmann S, Havik OE, Havik T, Heiervang E (2013) Mental disorders in foster children: a study of prevalence, comorbidity and risk factors. Child Adol Psych Men. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1753-2000-7-39","journal-title":"Child Adol Psych Men"},{"key":"1118_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0102134","author":"S Lehmann","year":"2014","unstructured":"Lehmann S, Heiervang ER, Havik T, Havik OE (2014) Screening foster children for mental disorders: properties of the strengths and difficulties questionnaire. Plos One. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0102134","journal-title":"Plos One"},{"issue":"5","key":"1118_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1016\/j.childyouth.2013.01.025","volume":"35","author":"M Tarren-Sweeney","year":"2013","unstructured":"Tarren-Sweeney M (2013) The Brief Assessment Checklists (BAC-C, BAC-A): Mental health screening measures for school-aged children and adolescents in foster, kinship, residential and adoptive care. Child Youth Serv Rev 35(5):771\u2013779. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.childyouth.2013.01.025","journal-title":"Child Youth Serv Rev"},{"issue":"2","key":"1118_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-199902000-00011","volume":"38","author":"A Angold","year":"1999","unstructured":"Angold A, Costello EJ, Farmer EMZ, Burns BJ, Erkanli A (1999) Impaired but undiagnosed. J Am Acad Child Psy 38(2):129\u2013137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00004583-199902000-00011","journal-title":"J Am Acad Child Psy"},{"key":"1118_CR7","unstructured":"Barne-, ungdom- og familiedirektoratet (2020) Atferdsvansker \u2013 ulike metoder. https:\/\/bufdir.no\/Barnevern\/Tiltak_i_barnevernet\/Metoder\/#heading6837."},{"issue":"3","key":"1118_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"532","DOI":"10.1016\/j.childyouth.2011.10.014","volume":"34","author":"N Gilbert","year":"2012","unstructured":"Gilbert N (2012) A comparative study of child welfare systems: Abstract orientations and concrete results. Child Youth Serv Rev 34(3):532\u2013536. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.childyouth.2011.10.014","journal-title":"Child Youth Serv Rev"},{"issue":"8","key":"1118_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1052","DOI":"10.1111\/1469-7610.00232","volume":"43","author":"A Angold","year":"2002","unstructured":"Angold A et al (2002) Depression scale scores in 8\u201317-year-olds: effects of age and gender. J Child Psychol Psyc 43(8):1052\u20131063. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1469-7610.00232","journal-title":"J Child Psychol Psyc"},{"issue":"8","key":"1118_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.60.8.837","volume":"60","author":"EJ Costello","year":"2003","unstructured":"Costello EJ, Mustillo S, Erkanli A, Keeler G, Angold A (2003) Prevalence and development of psychiatric disorders in childhood and adolescence. Arch Gen Psychiat 60(8):837\u2013844. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/archpsyc.60.8.837","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiat"},{"issue":"9","key":"1118_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1867","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2007.05.045","volume":"65","author":"SE Stockdale","year":"2007","unstructured":"Stockdale SE et al (2007) The importance of social context: neighborhood stressors, stress-buffering mechanisms, and alcohol, drug, and mental health disorders. Soc Sci Med 65(9):1867\u20131881. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.socscimed.2007.05.045","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med"},{"key":"1118_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2019.00060","volume":"10","author":"MR Jamnik","year":"2019","unstructured":"Jamnik MR, DiLalla LF (2019) Health outcomes associated with internalizing problems in early childhood and adolescence. Front Psychol 10:60. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2019.00060","journal-title":"Front Psychol"},{"issue":"4","key":"1118_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-016-0903-9","volume":"26","author":"LM Blanken","year":"2017","unstructured":"Blanken LM et al (2017) Cognitive functioning in children with internalizing, externalising and dysregulation problems: a population-based study. Eur Child Adoles Psy 26(4):445\u2013456. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00787-016-0903-9","journal-title":"Eur Child Adoles Psy"},{"issue":"11","key":"1118_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1279","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpp.12252","volume":"55","author":"SJ Bufferd","year":"2014","unstructured":"Bufferd SJ et al (2014) Predictors of the onset of depression in young children: a multi-method, multi-informant longitudinal study from ages 3 to 6. J Child Psychol Psyc 55(11):1279\u20131287. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jcpp.12252","journal-title":"J Child Psychol Psyc"},{"issue":"2","key":"1118_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.2224\/sbp.2000.28.2.157","volume":"28","author":"P Muris","year":"2000","unstructured":"Muris P, Mayer B, Meesters C (2000) Self-reported attachment style, anxiety, and depression in children. Soc Behav Personal 28(2):157\u2013162. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2224\/sbp.2000.28.2.157","journal-title":"Soc Behav Personal"},{"issue":"5","key":"1118_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2010.02343.x","volume":"52","author":"MK Vendlinski","year":"2011","unstructured":"Vendlinski MK, Lemery-Chalfant K, Essex MJ, Goldsmith HH (2011) Genetic risk by experience interaction for childhood internalizing problems: converging evidence across multiple methods. J Child Psychol Psyc 52(5):607\u2013618. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2010.02343.x","journal-title":"J Child Psychol Psyc"},{"key":"1118_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0033294117699820","author":"S Raknes","year":"2017","unstructured":"Raknes S et al (2017) Negative life events, social support, and self-efficacy in anxious adolescents. Psychol Rep. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0033294117699820","journal-title":"Psychol Rep"},{"issue":"11","key":"1118_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1038","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2018.2537","volume":"172","author":"MT Merrick","year":"2018","unstructured":"Merrick MT, Ford DC, Ports KA, Guinn AS (2018) Prevalence of adverse childhood experiences from the 2011\u20132014 behavioral risk factor surveillance system in 23 states. JAMA Pediatr 172(11):1038\u20131044. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2018.2537","journal-title":"JAMA Pediatr"},{"key":"1118_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jpepsy\/jsp11420007747","author":"SH Oswald","year":"2010","unstructured":"Oswald SH, Heil K, Goldbeck L (2010) History of maltreatment and mental health problems in foster children: a review of the literature. J Pediatr Psychol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jpepsy\/jsp11420007747","journal-title":"J Pediatr Psychol"},{"key":"1118_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Leeb RT, Paulozzi L, Melanson C, Simon T, Arias I (2008) Child maltreatment surveillance. Uniform definitions for public health and recommended data elements, Version 1.0, p. 11. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control: Atlanta.","DOI":"10.1037\/e587022010-001"},{"issue":"9657","key":"1118_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(08)61706-7","volume":"373","author":"R Gilbert","year":"2009","unstructured":"Gilbert R, Widom CS, Browne K, Fergusson D, Webb E, Janson S (2009) Burden and consequences of child maltreatment in high-income countries. Lancet 373(9657):68\u201381. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(08)61706-7","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"1118_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104374","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104374","volume":"101","author":"S Lehmann","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lehmann S, Breivik K, Monette S, Minnis H (2020) Potentially traumatic events in foster youth, and association with DSM-5 trauma- and stressor related symptoms. Child Abuse Neglect 101:104374. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104374","journal-title":"Child Abuse Neglect"},{"issue":"4","key":"1118_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291715002743","volume":"46","author":"M Li","year":"2016","unstructured":"Li M, D\u2019Arcy C, Meng X (2016) Maltreatment in childhood substantially increases the risk of adult depression and anxiety in prospective cohort studies: systematic review, meta-analysis, and proportional attributable fractions. Psychol Med 46(4):717\u2013730. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S0033291715002743","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"1118_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1320","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2014.01.017","volume":"38","author":"P Spinhoven","year":"2014","unstructured":"Spinhoven P, Penninx BW, Hemert AM, Rooij M, Elzinga BM (2014) Comorbidity of PTSD in anxiety and depressive disorders: prevalence and shared risk factors. Child Abuse Neglect 38(8):1320\u20131330. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chiabu.2014.01.017","journal-title":"Child Abuse Neglect"},{"issue":"4","key":"1118_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1016\/s0749-3797(98)00017-8","volume":"14","author":"VJ Felitti","year":"1998","unstructured":"Felitti VJ et al (1998) Relationship of childhood abuse and household dysfunction to many of the leading causes of death in adults. The adverse childhood experiences (ACE) Study. Am J Prev Med 14(4):245\u201358. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0749-3797(98)00017-8","journal-title":"Am J Prev Med"},{"key":"1118_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2018.12.096","volume":"246","author":"CM Feltz-Cornelis","year":"2019","unstructured":"Feltz-Cornelis CM, Potters EC, Dam A, Koorndijk RPM, Elfeddali I, Eck van der Sluijs JF (2019) Adverse childhood experiences (ACE) in outpatients with anxiety and depressive disorders and their association with psychiatric and somatic comorbidity and revictimization. Cross-sectional observational study. J Affect Disorders 246:458\u2013464. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jad.2018.12.096","journal-title":"J Affect Disorders"},{"issue":"7","key":"1118_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2004.03.009","volume":"28","author":"CS Widom","year":"2004","unstructured":"Widom CS, Raphael KG, DuMont KA (2004) The case for prospective longitudinal studies in child maltreatment research: commentary on Dube, Williamson, Thompson, Felitti, and Anda. Child Abuse Neglect 28(7):715\u2013722. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chiabu.2004.03.009","journal-title":"Child Abuse Neglect"},{"issue":"4","key":"1118_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1037\/1089-2680.5.4.323","volume":"5","author":"RF Baumeister","year":"2001","unstructured":"Baumeister RF, Bratslacsky E, Finenauer C, Vohs KD (2001) Bad is stronger than good. Rev Gen Psychol 5(4):323\u2013370. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/1089-2680.5.4.323","journal-title":"Rev Gen Psychol"},{"key":"1118_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2018.01.003","volume":"79","author":"EAG Gallo","year":"2018","unstructured":"Gallo EAG, Munhoz TN, Mola CL, Murray J (2018) Gender differences in the effects of childhood maltreatment on adult depression and anxiety: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Child Abuse Neglect 79:107\u2013114. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chiabu.2018.01.003","journal-title":"Child Abuse Neglect"},{"key":"1118_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1007\/s10896-014-9668-4","volume":"30","author":"JJ Asscher","year":"2015","unstructured":"Asscher JJ, Van der Put CE, Stams GJ (2015) Gender differences in the impact of abuse and neglect victimization on adolescent offending behavior. J Fam Violence 30:215\u2013225. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10896-014-9668-4","journal-title":"J Fam Violence"},{"issue":"1","key":"1118_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-016-1071-7","volume":"16","author":"X Meng","year":"2016","unstructured":"Meng X, D\u2019Arcy C (2016) Gender moderates the relationship between childhood abuse and internalizing and substance use disorders later in life: a cross-sectional analysis. BMC Psychiatry 16(1):401. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12888-016-1071-7","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"issue":"5","key":"1118_CR32","first-page":"107","volume":"87","author":"J Strijker","year":"2008","unstructured":"Strijker J, Knorth EJ, Knot-Dickscheit J (2008) Placement history of foster children: a study of placement history and outcomes in long-term family foster care. Child Welfare 87(5):107\u2013124","journal-title":"Child Welfare"},{"issue":"10","key":"1118_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1363","DOI":"10.1016\/S0145-2134(00)00189-7","volume":"24","author":"RR Newton","year":"2000","unstructured":"Newton RR, Litrownik AJ, Landsverk JA (2000) Children and youth in foster care: disentangling the relationship between problem behaviors and number of placements. Child Abuse Neglect 24(10):1363\u20131374. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0145-2134(00)00189-7","journal-title":"Child Abuse Neglect"},{"issue":"3","key":"1118_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1177\/1077559516657637","volume":"21","author":"A Goemans","year":"2016","unstructured":"Goemans A, van Geel M, van Beem M, Vedder P (2016) Developmental outcomes of foster children: a meta-analytic comparison with children from the general population and children at risk who remained at home. Child Maltreat 21(3):198\u2013217. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1077559516657637","journal-title":"Child Maltreat"},{"key":"1118_CR35","unstructured":"Lehmann S (2015) Mental disorders in foster children: a study of prevalence, comorbidity and risk factors dissertation for the degree of philosophiae doctor (PhD) University of Bergen: Bergen, Norway"},{"issue":"5","key":"1118_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1111\/1469-7610.00494","volume":"40","author":"R Goodman","year":"1999","unstructured":"Goodman R (1999) The extended version of the strengths and difficulties questionnaire as a guide to child psychiatric caseness and consequent burden. J Child Psychol Psyc 40(5):791\u2013799. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1469-7610.00494","journal-title":"J Child Psychol Psyc"},{"issue":"4","key":"1118_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1017\/S003329170003498X7480451","volume":"25","author":"A Angold","year":"1995","unstructured":"Angold A, Prendergast M, Cox A, Simonoff E, Rutter M (1995) The child and adolescent psychiatric assessment (CAPA). Psychol Med 25(4):739\u2013753. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S003329170003498X7480451","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"key":"1118_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2016.12.040","volume":"210","author":"C Sachser","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sachser C et al (2017) International development and psychometric properties of the child and adolescent trauma screen (CATS). J Affect Disorders 210:189\u2013195. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jad.2016.12.040","journal-title":"J Affect Disorders"},{"issue":"5","key":"1118_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-7967(98)00034-5","volume":"36","author":"SH Spence","year":"1998","unstructured":"Spence SH (1998) A measure of anxiety symptoms among children. Behav Res Ther 36(5):545\u2013566. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0005-7967(98)00034-5","journal-title":"Behav Res Ther"},{"issue":"9","key":"1118_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"927","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2006.01646.x","volume":"47","author":"WB Daviss","year":"2006","unstructured":"Daviss WB, Birmaher B, Melhem NA, Axelson DA, Michaels SM, Brent DA (2006) Criterion validity of the mood and feelings questionnaire for depressive episodes in clinic and non-clinic subjects. J Child Psychol Psyc 47(9):927\u2013934. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2006.01646.x","journal-title":"J Child Psychol Psyc"},{"key":"1118_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Richter J and Sund AM (2013) Psychometric properties of the Norwegian version of nood and feelings questionnaire (MFQ). PsykTestBarn 1(1).","DOI":"10.21337\/0018"},{"issue":"2","key":"1118_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.1995.tb01828.x","volume":"36","author":"A Wood","year":"1995","unstructured":"Wood A, Kroll L, Moore A, Harrington R (1995) Properties of the mood and feelings questionnaire in adolescent psychiatric outpatients: a research note. J Child Psychol Psyc 36(2):327\u2013334. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1469-7610.1995.tb01828.x","journal-title":"J Child Psychol Psyc"},{"issue":"1\u20133","key":"1118_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2011.05.022","volume":"134","author":"DP McKenzie","year":"2011","unstructured":"McKenzie DP et al (2011) Predicting future depression in adolescents using the short mood and feelings questionnaire: a two-nation study. J Affect Disord 134(1\u20133):151\u2013159. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jad.2011.05.022","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"issue":"8","key":"1118_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"947","DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2014.09.021","volume":"28","author":"K Arendt","year":"2014","unstructured":"Arendt K, Hougaard E, Thastum M (2014) Psychometric properties of the child and parent versions of spence children\u2019s anxiety scale in a danish community and clinical sample. J Anxiety Disord 28(8):947\u2013956. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.janxdis.2014.09.021","journal-title":"J Anxiety Disord"},{"key":"1118_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2014.03.007","volume":"57","author":"GJ Wergeland","year":"2014","unstructured":"Wergeland GJ et al (2014) An effectiveness study of individual vs. group cognitive behavioral therapy for anxiety disorders in youth. Behav Res Ther 57:1\u201312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.brat.2014.03.007","journal-title":"Behav Res Ther"},{"issue":"4","key":"1118_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"552","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2019.12.003","volume":"59","author":"BSM Haugland","year":"2020","unstructured":"Haugland BSM et al (2020) Effectiveness of brief and standard school-based cognitive-behavioral interventions for adolescents with anxiety: a randomized non-inferiority study. J Am Acad Child Psy 59(4):552. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaac.2019.12.003","journal-title":"J Am Acad Child Psy"},{"key":"1118_CR47","first-page":"567","volume-title":"Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences","author":"J Cohen","year":"1988","unstructured":"Cohen J (1988) Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences, 2nd edn. Hillsdale NJ, Erlbaum L Associates. xxi, p 567","edition":"2"},{"issue":"4","key":"1118_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.3109\/08039488.2015.1109137","volume":"70","author":"B Larsson","year":"2016","unstructured":"Larsson B, Ingul JM, Jozefiak T, Leikanger E, Sund AM (2016) Prevalence, stability, 1-year incidence and predictors of depressive symptoms among norwegian adolescents in the general population as measured by the short mood and feelings questionnaire. Nord J Psychiat 70(4):290\u2013296. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3109\/08039488.2015.1109137","journal-title":"Nord J Psychiat"},{"issue":"9","key":"1118_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1051","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-7967(00)00081-4","volume":"39","author":"P Muris","year":"2001","unstructured":"Muris P, Merckelbach H, Schmidt H, Gadet B, Bogie N (2001) Anxiety and depression as correlates of self-reported behavioural inhibition in normal adolescents. Behav Res Ther 39(9):1051\u20131061. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0005-7967(00)00081-4","journal-title":"Behav Res Ther"},{"key":"1118_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2016-1118","author":"K Turney","year":"2016","unstructured":"Turney K, Wildeman C (2016) Mental and physical health of children in foster care. Pediatrics. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1542\/peds.2016-1118","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"12","key":"1118_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1263","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2006.01682.x","volume":"47","author":"EJ Costello","year":"2006","unstructured":"Costello EJ, Erkanli A, Angold A (2006) Is there an epidemic of child or adolescent depression? J Child Psychol Psyc 47(12):1263\u20131271. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2006.01682.x","journal-title":"J Child Psychol Psyc"},{"issue":"4","key":"1118_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1080\/15374416.2012.680189","volume":"41","author":"P Letcher","year":"2012","unstructured":"Letcher P, Sanson A, Smart D, Toumbourou JW (2012) Precursors and correlates of anxiety trajectories from late childhood to late adolescence. J Clin Child Adolesc 41(4):417\u2013432. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/15374416.2012.680189","journal-title":"J Clin Child Adolesc"},{"issue":"9","key":"1118_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"870","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2011.06.005","volume":"50","author":"M Burstein","year":"2011","unstructured":"Burstein M, He JP, Kattan G, Albano AM, Avenevoli S, Merikangas KR (2011) Social phobia and subtypes in the national comorbidity survey-adolescent supplement: prevalence, correlates, and comorbidity. J Am Acad Child Psy 50(9):870\u2013880. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaac.2011.06.005","journal-title":"J Am Acad Child Psy"},{"key":"1118_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adolescence.2015.07.001","volume":"44","author":"KG Askeland","year":"2015","unstructured":"Askeland KG, Hysing M, Aar\u00f8 LE, Tell GS, Sivertsen B (2015) Mental health problems and resilience in international adoptees: results from a population-based study of norwegian adolescents aged 16\u201319 years. J Adolescence 44:48\u201356. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.adolescence.2015.07.001","journal-title":"J Adolescence"},{"issue":"1","key":"1118_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1164","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-018-6044-y","volume":"18","author":"G Moody","year":"2018","unstructured":"Moody G, Cannings-John R, Hood K, Kemp A, Robling M (2018) Establishing the international prevalence of self-reported child maltreatment: a systematic review by maltreatment type and gender. BMC Public Health 18(1):1164. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12889-018-6044-y","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"1118_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1037\/1040-3590.9.1.34","volume":"9","author":"CS Widom","year":"1997","unstructured":"Widom CS, Morris S (1997) Accuracy of adult recollections of childhood victimization, Part 2: Childhood sexual abuse. Psychol Assess 9(1):34\u201346. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/1040-3590.9.1.34","journal-title":"Psychol Assess"},{"issue":"1","key":"1118_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/s0272-7358(96)00047-5","volume":"17","author":"GR Holmes","year":"1997","unstructured":"Holmes GR, Offen L, Waller G (1997) See no evil, hear no evil, speak no evil: why do relatively few male victims of childhood sexual abuse receive help for abuse-related issues in adulthood? Clin Psychol Rev 17(1):69\u201388. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0272-7358(96)00047-5","journal-title":"Clin Psychol Rev"},{"issue":"3","key":"1118_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1037\/1524-9220.6.3.169","volume":"6","author":"M Kia-Keating","year":"2005","unstructured":"Kia-Keating M, Grossman FK, Sorsoli L (2005) Containing and resisting masculinity: narratives of renegotiation among resilient male survivors of childhood sexual abuse. Psychol Men Masculin 6(3):169\u2013185. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/1524-9220.6.3.169","journal-title":"Psychol Men Masculin"},{"issue":"3","key":"1118_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1007\/s10566-018-9479-5","volume":"48","author":"SJ Beal","year":"2019","unstructured":"Beal SJ, Wingrove T, Mara CA, Lutz N, Noll JG, Greiner MV (2019) Childhood adversity and associated psychosocial function in adolescents with complex trauma. Child Youth Care For 48(3):305\u2013322. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10566-018-9479-5","journal-title":"Child Youth Care For"},{"issue":"6","key":"1118_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eurpsy.2015.04.007","volume":"30","author":"L Mandelli","year":"2015","unstructured":"Mandelli L, Petrelli C, Serretti A (2015) The role of specific early trauma in adult depression: a meta-analysis of published literature. Childhood trauma and adult depression. Eur Psychiat 30(6):665\u201380. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eurpsy.2015.04.007","journal-title":"Eur Psychiat"},{"issue":"4","key":"1118_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.1891\/0886-6708.vv-d-12-00125","volume":"29","author":"KM Iverson","year":"2014","unstructured":"Iverson KM, McLaughlin KA, Adair KC, Monson CM (2014) Anger-related dysregulation as a factor linking childhood physical abuse and interparental violence to intimate partner violence experiences. Violence Victims 29(4):564\u2013578. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1891\/0886-6708.vv-d-12-00125","journal-title":"Violence Victims"},{"issue":"2","key":"1118_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1080\/14330237.2018.1455309","volume":"28","author":"M Henning","year":"2018","unstructured":"Henning M, Walker-Williams HJ, Fouch\u00e9 A (2018) Childhood sexual abuse trauma-causing dynamics experienced by women survivors: a scoping literature review. J Psychol Afr 28(2):168\u2013174. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/14330237.2018.1455309","journal-title":"J Psychol Afr"},{"key":"1118_CR63","first-page":"188","volume-title":"Akutt - for hvem?","author":"AS Storhaug","year":"2020","unstructured":"Storhaug AS et al (2020) Akutt - for hvem? Barne-, ungdom- og familiedirektoratet, Akuttarbeid i kommunalt barnevern, p 188"},{"issue":"5","key":"1118_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.110.080499","volume":"197","author":"RC Kessler","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kessler RC et al (2010) Childhood adversities and adult psychopathology in the WHO World Mental Health surveys. Brit J Psychiat 197(5):378\u2013385. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1192\/bjp.bp.110.080499","journal-title":"Brit J Psychiat"},{"issue":"2","key":"1118_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healthplace.2010.04.006","volume":"31","author":"J Llosada-Gistau","year":"2019","unstructured":"Llosada-Gistau J, Casas F, Montserrat C (2019) The subjective well-being of children in kinship care. Psicothema 31(2):149\u2013155. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.healthplace.2010.04.006","journal-title":"Psicothema"},{"issue":"4","key":"1118_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1111\/jora.12075","volume":"24","author":"J Mendle","year":"2014","unstructured":"Mendle J, Leve LD, Van Ryzin M, Natsuaki MN (2014) Linking childhood maltreatment with girls\u2019 internalizing symptoms: early puberty as a tipping point. J Res Adolescence 24(4):689\u2013702. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jora.12075","journal-title":"J Res Adolescence"},{"issue":"2","key":"1118_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.111.093062","volume":"200","author":"KM Keyes","year":"2012","unstructured":"Keyes KM et al (2012) Childhood maltreatment and the structure of common psychiatric disorders. Brit J Psychiat 200(2):107\u2013115. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1192\/bjp.bp.111.093062","journal-title":"Brit J Psychiat"},{"issue":"7","key":"1118_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.1080\/10926771.2014.933463","volume":"23","author":"EP Hambrick","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hambrick EP, Tunno AM, Gabrielli J, JAckson Y, Belz C (2014) Using multiple informants to assess child maltreatment: concordance between case file and youth self-report. J Aggress Maltreat T 23(7):751\u2013771. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10926771.2014.933463","journal-title":"J Aggress Maltreat T"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"1118_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-008-1005-0","volume":"17","author":"N Wille","year":"2008","unstructured":"Wille N, Bettge Sm Wittchen HU, Ravens-Sieberer U (2008) How impaired are children and adolescents by mental health problems? Results of the BELLA study. Eur Child Adoles Psy 17(Suppl 1):42\u201351. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00787-008-1005-0","journal-title":"Eur Child Adoles Psy"},{"key":"1118_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Demetriou C, Ozer BU, Essau CA (2014) Self\u2010report questionnaires. The encyclopedia of clinical psychology, p. 1\u20136.","DOI":"10.1002\/9781118625392.wbecp507"},{"issue":"4","key":"1118_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.131.4.483","volume":"131","author":"RA De Los","year":"2005","unstructured":"De Los RA, Kazdin AE (2005) Informant discrepancies in the assessment of childhood psychopathology: a critical review, theoretical framework, and recommendations for further study. Psychol Bull 131(4):483\u2013509","journal-title":"Psychol Bull"},{"issue":"11","key":"1118_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2191","DOI":"10.1037\/a0031985","volume":"49","author":"CM Ogle","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ogle CM, Rubin DC, Siegler IC (2013) The impact of the developmental timing of trauma exposure on PTSD symptoms and psychosocial functioning among older adults. Devel psychol 49(11):2191\u20132200. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/a0031985","journal-title":"Devel psychol"}],"container-title":["Child Psychiatry &amp; Human Development"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10578-020-01118-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10578-020-01118-x\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10578-020-01118-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,24]],"date-time":"2024-08-24T02:00:46Z","timestamp":1724464846000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10578-020-01118-x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,11]]},"references-count":72,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,4]]}},"alternative-id":["1118"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10578-020-01118-x","relation":{},"ISSN":["0009-398X","1573-3327"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0009-398X","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-3327","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"25 December 2020","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"11 February 2021","order":2,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with Ethical Standards"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"All procedures performed in the current study involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. This study was approved by the Regional Committee for Medical and Health Research Ethics, Region West, Norway, and the Directorate for children, youth, and family affairs.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical Approval"}},{"value":"Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study. Participants have consented to the submission of results obtained from their reports.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed Consent"}}]}}