{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T16:09:27Z","timestamp":1789229367044,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,27]],"date-time":"2021-01-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1611705600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,27]],"date-time":"2021-01-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1611705600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005337","name":"American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Pilot Research Award for Junior Faculty and Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Fellows, supported by AACAP"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Pilot Research Award for Junior Faculty and Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Fellows, supported by AACAP"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005337","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R25MH101079"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R25MH101079"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Child Psychiatry Hum Dev"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,4]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10578-021-01124-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,27]],"date-time":"2021-01-27T15:05:38Z","timestamp":1611759938000},"page":"268-277","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Psychopharmacological Treatments in Children with Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders: A Review"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"53","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7024-5041","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gaby J.","family":"Ritfeld","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julie A.","family":"Kable","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer E.","family":"Holton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claire D.","family":"Coles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"1124_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2017.21896","volume":"319","author":"PA May","year":"2018","unstructured":"May PA, Chambers CD, Kalberg WO, Zellner J, Feldman H, Buckley D et al (2018) Prevalence of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders in 4 US communities. JAMA 319:474\u2013482","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"1124_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"855","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2013-3319","volume":"134","author":"PA May","year":"2014","unstructured":"May PA, Baete A, Russo J, Elliott AJ, Blankenship J, Kalberg WO et al (2014) Prevalence and characteristics of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders. Pediatrics 134:855\u2013866","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"1124_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1002\/ddrr.74","volume":"15","author":"MJ O'Connor","year":"2009","unstructured":"O\u2019Connor MJ, Paley B (2009) Psychiatric conditions associated with prenatal alcohol exposure. Dev Disabil Res Rev 15:225\u2013234","journal-title":"Dev Disabil Res Rev"},{"key":"1124_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2014.11.009","volume":"225","author":"JY Han","year":"2015","unstructured":"Han JY, Kwon HJ, Ha M, Paik KC, Lim MH, Gyu LS et al (2015) The effects of prenatal exposure to alcohol and environmental tobacco smoke on risk for ADHD: a large population-based study. Psychiatry Res 225:164\u2013168","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"key":"1124_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1046","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.14040","volume":"43","author":"SN Mattson","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mattson SN, Bernes GA, Doyle LR (2019) Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders: a review of the neurobehavioral deficits associated with prenatal alcohol exposure. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 43:1046\u20131062","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin Exp Res"},{"key":"1124_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1060","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2020.20010086","volume":"177","author":"B Lees","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lees B, Mewton L, Jacobus J, Valadez EA, Stapinski LA, Teesson M et al (2020) Association of prenatal alcohol exposure with psychological, behavioral, and neurodevelopmental outcomes in children from the adolescent brain cognitive development study. Am J Psychiatry 177:1060\u20131072","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"1124_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.alcohol.2018.06.002","volume":"76","author":"RAS Mukherjee","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mukherjee RAS, Cook PA, Norgate SH, Price AD (2019) Neurodevelopmental outcomes in individuals with fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) with and without exposure to neglect: clinical cohort data from a national FASD diagnostic clinic. Alcohol 76:23\u201328","journal-title":"Alcohol"},{"key":"1124_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e733","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2006-1606","volume":"119","author":"SL Fryer","year":"2007","unstructured":"Fryer SL, McGee CL, Matt GE, Riley EP, Mattson SN (2007) Evaluation of psychopathological conditions in children with heavy prenatal alcohol exposure. Pediatrics 119:e733-741","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"1124_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2014.10.014","volume":"148","author":"MA Infante","year":"2015","unstructured":"Infante MA, Moore EM, Nguyen TT, Fourligas N, Mattson SN, Riley EP (2015) Objective assessment of ADHD core symptoms in children with heavy prenatal alcohol exposure. Physiol Behav 148:45\u201350","journal-title":"Physiol Behav"},{"key":"1124_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596","volume-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"2013","unstructured":"American Psychiatric Association (2013) Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. APA, Arlington, VA"},{"key":"1124_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10578-015-0566-7","author":"JF Hagan","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hagan JF, Balachova T, Bertrand J, Chasnoff I, Dang E, Fernandez-Baca D et al (2016) Neurobehavioral disorder associated with prenatal alcohol exposure. Pediatrics. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10578-015-0566-7","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"1124_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1007\/s10578-015-0566-7","volume":"47","author":"JA Kable","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kable JA, O\u2019Connor MJ, Olson HC, Paley B, Mattson SN, Anderson SM et al (2016) Neurobehavioral disorder associated with prenatal alcohol exposure (ND-PAE): proposed DSM-5 diagnosis. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 47:335\u2013346","journal-title":"Child Psychiatry Hum Dev"},{"key":"1124_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1073","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.56.12.1073","volume":"56","author":"PS Jensen","year":"1999","unstructured":"Jensen PS (1999) A 14-month randomized clinical trial of treatment strategies for attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder. The MTA cooperative group. Multimodal treatment study of children with ADHD. Arch Gen Psychiatry 56:1073\u20131086","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"1124_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.1997.tb03743.x","volume":"21","author":"CD Coles","year":"1997","unstructured":"Coles CD, Platzman KA, Raskind-Hood CL, Brown RT, Falek A, Smith IE (1997) A comparison of children affected by prenatal alcohol exposure and attention deficit, hyperactivity disorder. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 21:150\u2013161","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin Exp Res"},{"key":"1124_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1002\/imhj.1002","volume":"22","author":"MJ O'Connor","year":"2001","unstructured":"O\u2019Connor MJ (2001) Prenatal alcohol exposure and infant negative affect as precursors of depressive features in children. Infant Ment Health J 22:291\u2013299","journal-title":"Infant Ment Health J"},{"key":"1124_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1685","DOI":"10.1097\/01.alc.0000179409.80370.25","volume":"29","author":"ML Schneider","year":"2005","unstructured":"Schneider ML, Moore CF, Barnhart TE, Larson JA, DeJesus OT, Mukherjee J et al (2005) Moderate-level prenatal alcohol exposure alters striatal dopamine system function in rhesus monkeys. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 29:1685\u20131697","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin Exp Res"},{"key":"1124_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1565","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2005.01.029","volume":"57","author":"RS Riikonen","year":"2005","unstructured":"Riikonen RS, Nokelainen P, Valkonen K, Kolehmainen AI, Kumpulainen KI, Kononen M et al (2005) Deep serotonergic and dopaminergic structures in fetal alcoholic syndrome: a study with nor-beta-CIT-single-photon emission computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging volumetry. Biol Psychiatry 57:1565\u20131572","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"1124_CR18","first-page":"35","volume":"5","author":"S Ulug","year":"1983","unstructured":"Ulug S, Riley EP (1983) The effect of methylphenidate on overactivity in rats prenatally exposed to alcohol. Neurobehav Toxicol Teratol 5:35\u201339","journal-title":"Neurobehav Toxicol Teratol"},{"key":"1124_CR19","first-page":"187","volume":"6","author":"L Means","year":"1984","unstructured":"Means L, Hughes V, Grey S (1984) Rats exposed in utero to ethanol are hyperresponsive to methylphenidate when tested as neonates or adults. Neurobehav Toxicol Teratol 6:187\u2013192","journal-title":"Neurobehav Toxicol Teratol"},{"key":"1124_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1016\/0892-0362(91)90049-3","volume":"13","author":"JH Hannigan","year":"1991","unstructured":"Hannigan JH, Pilati ML (1991) The effects of chronic postweaning amphetamine on rats exposed to alcohol in utero: weight gain and behavior. Neurotoxicol Teratol 13:649\u2013656","journal-title":"Neurotoxicol Teratol"},{"key":"1124_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1016\/S0892-0362(99)00017-3","volume":"21","author":"S Randall","year":"1999","unstructured":"Randall S, Hannigan JH (1999) In utero alcohol and postnatal methylphenidate: locomotion and dopamine receptors. Neurotoxicol Teratol 21:587\u2013593","journal-title":"Neurotoxicol Teratol"},{"key":"1124_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"756","DOI":"10.1037\/bne0000109","volume":"129","author":"J Juarez","year":"2015","unstructured":"Juarez J, Guerrero-Alvarez A (2015) Effects of methylphenidate and atomoxetine on impulsivity and motor activity in preadolescent rats prenatally-treated with alcohol. Behav Neurosci 129:756\u2013764","journal-title":"Behav Neurosci"},{"key":"1124_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2005.08.021","volume":"59","author":"RY Shen","year":"2006","unstructured":"Shen RY, Choong KC (2006) Different adaptations in ventral tegmental area dopamine neurons in control and ethanol exposed rats after methylphenidate treatment. Biol Psychiatry 59:635\u2013642","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"1124_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Aglawe MM, Kale MB, Rahangdale SR, Kotagale NR, Umekar MJ, Taksande BG 2020 Agmatine improves the behavioral and cognitive impairments associated with chronic gestational ethanol exposure in rats. Brain Res Bull 167:37-47","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainresbull.2020.11.015"},{"key":"1124_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.1089\/cap.2006.16.777","volume":"16","author":"F Frankel","year":"2006","unstructured":"Frankel F, Paley B, Marquardt R, O\u2019Connor M (2006) Stimulants, neuroleptics, and children\u2019s friendship training for children with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 16:777\u2013789","journal-title":"J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol"},{"key":"1124_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1089\/cap.1998.8.39","volume":"8","author":"JR Oesterheld","year":"1998","unstructured":"Oesterheld JR, Kofoed L, Tervo R, Fogas B, Wilson A, Fiechtner H (1998) Effectiveness of methylphenidate in native American children with fetal alcohol syndrome and attention deficit\/hyperactivity disorder: a controlled pilot study. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 8:39\u201348","journal-title":"J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol"},{"key":"1124_CR27","first-page":"90","volume":"45","author":"KD O'Malley","year":"2000","unstructured":"O\u2019Malley KD, Koplin B, Dohner VA (2000) Psychostimulant clinical response in fetal alcohol syndrome. Can J Psychiatry 45:90\u201391","journal-title":"Can J Psychiatry"},{"key":"1124_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1089\/cap.2007.0121","volume":"18","author":"J Doig","year":"2008","unstructured":"Doig J, McLennan JD, Gibbard WB (2008) Medication effects on symptoms of attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder in children with fetal alcohol spectrum disorder. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 18:365\u2013371","journal-title":"J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol"},{"key":"1124_CR29","first-page":"64","volume-title":"Overcoming and preventing secondary disabilities in fetal alcohol syndrome and fetal alcohol effects","author":"JNJ Snyder","year":"1997","unstructured":"Snyder JNJ, Snyder R, Block G (1997) A study of stimulant medication in children with FAS. In: Streissguth AKJ (ed) Overcoming and preventing secondary disabilities in fetal alcohol syndrome and fetal alcohol effects. University of Washington Press, Seattle, WA, pp 64\u201377"},{"key":"1124_CR30","first-page":"148","volume":"4","author":"JSJ Coe","year":"2001","unstructured":"Coe JSJ, Riley K, Waltermire J, Hagerman R (2001) A survey of medication responses in children and adolescents with fetal alcohol syndrome. Ment Health Aspect Develop Disabilities 4:148\u2013155","journal-title":"Ment Health Aspect Develop Disabilities"},{"key":"1124_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1113","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.114.099168","volume":"102","author":"JR Wozniak","year":"2015","unstructured":"Wozniak JR, Fuglestad AJ, Eckerle JK, Fink BA, Hoecker HL, Boys CJ et al (2015) Choline supplementation in children with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Am J Clin Nutr 102:1113\u20131125","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"1124_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1683","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.116.142075","volume":"104","author":"TT Nguyen","year":"2016","unstructured":"Nguyen TT, Risbud RD, Mattson SN, Chambers CD, Thomas JD (2016) Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial of choline supplementation in school-aged children with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders. Am J Clin Nutr 104:1683\u20131692","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"1124_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"590","DOI":"10.1089\/cap.2014.24102","volume":"24","author":"A Srivastava","year":"2014","unstructured":"Srivastava A, Coffey B (2014) Emotional dysregulation in a child with attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder and anxiety: psychopharmacological stategies. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 24:590\u2013593","journal-title":"J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol"},{"key":"1124_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1139\/bcb-2017-0064","volume":"96","author":"A Hanlon-Dearman","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hanlon-Dearman A, Chen ML, Olson HC (2018) Understanding and managing sleep disruption in children with fetal alcohol spectrum disorder. Biochem Cell Biol 96:267\u2013274","journal-title":"Biochem Cell Biol"},{"key":"1124_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1080\/24750573.2018.1458429","volume":"28","author":"M Mela","year":"2018","unstructured":"Mela M, Okpalauwaekwe U, Anderson T, Eng J, Nomani S, Ahmed A et al (2018) The utility of psychotropic drugs on patients with fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD): a systematic review. Psychiatr Clin Psychopharmacol 28:436\u2013445","journal-title":"Psychiatr Clin Psychopharmacol"}],"container-title":["Child Psychiatry & Human Development"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10578-021-01124-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10578-021-01124-7\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10578-021-01124-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,19]],"date-time":"2023-10-19T09:28:12Z","timestamp":1697707692000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10578-021-01124-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,27]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,4]]}},"alternative-id":["1124"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10578-021-01124-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["0009-398X","1573-3327"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0009-398X","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-3327","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,27]]},"assertion":[{"value":"13 January 2021","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"27 January 2021","order":2,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}]}}