{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T02:15:20Z","timestamp":1791771320492,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,24]],"date-time":"2022-06-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1656028800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,24]],"date-time":"2022-06-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1656028800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004035","name":"Jordan University of Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["20190431"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20190431"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004035","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Child Psychiatry Hum Dev"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10578-022-01378-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,24]],"date-time":"2022-06-24T04:02:33Z","timestamp":1656043353000},"page":"60-70","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Prevalence of Adverse Childhood Experiences and Their Relationship with Self-esteem Among School-Age Children in Jordan"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"55","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8601-5427","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Khulood Kayed","family":"Shattnawi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nahla","family":"Al Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ya\u2019la Mahmoud","family":"Ma\u2019abreh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"1378_CR1","unstructured":"WHO (2018) Violence against children. WHO https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/violence-against-children"},{"key":"1378_CR2","volume-title":"Adverse childhood experiences (ACE) study: research on adverse childhood experiences in Serbia","author":"UNICEF","year":"2019","unstructured":"UNICEF (2019) Adverse childhood experiences (ACE) study: research on adverse childhood experiences in Serbia. UNICEF in Serbia, Belgrade"},{"issue":"3","key":"1378_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e20154079","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2015-4079","volume":"137","author":"S Hillis","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hillis S, Mercy J, Amobi A, Kress H (2016) Global prevalence of past-year violence against children: a systematic review and minimum estimates. Pediatrics 137(3):e20154079","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"1","key":"1378_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2206.2009.00634.x","volume":"15","author":"J Frederick","year":"2010","unstructured":"Frederick J, Goddard C (2010) \u2018School was just a nightmare\u2019: childhood abuse and neglect and school experiences. Child Fam Soc Work 15(1):22\u201330","journal-title":"Child Fam Soc Work"},{"issue":"5","key":"1378_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1177\/0272431616687671","volume":"38","author":"EF Garrido","year":"2018","unstructured":"Garrido EF, Weiler LM, Taussig HN (2018) Adverse childhood experiences and health-risk behaviors in vulnerable early adolescents. J Early Adolesc 38(5):661\u2013680","journal-title":"J Early Adolesc"},{"issue":"7","key":"1378_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e01900","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2019.e01900","volume":"5","author":"J Pearce","year":"2019","unstructured":"Pearce J, Murray C, Larkin W (2019) Childhood adversity and trauma: experiences of professionals trained to routinely enquire about childhood adversity. Heliyon 5(7):e01900","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"1378_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2017.03.016","volume":"69","author":"MT Merrick","year":"2017","unstructured":"Merrick MT, Ports KA, Ford DC, Afifi TO, Gershoff ET, Grogan-Kaylor A (2017) Unpacking the impact of adverse childhood experiences on adult mental health. Child Abuse Negl 69:10","journal-title":"Child Abuse Negl"},{"key":"1378_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kazarian SS (2015) Family violence in the Arab world = \n                  \n                 . Arab J Psychiatry 26(1):4\u201314","DOI":"10.12816\/0010501"},{"issue":"1","key":"1378_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1186\/s12939-017-0588-9","volume":"16","author":"M Almuneef","year":"2017","unstructured":"Almuneef M, ElChoueiry N, Saleheen HN, Al-Eissa M (2017) Gender-based disparities in the impact of adverse childhood experiences on adult health: findings from a national study in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Int J Equity Health 16(1):90","journal-title":"Int J Equity Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"1378_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-010-0311-2","volume":"47","author":"GA Al-Fayez","year":"2012","unstructured":"Al-Fayez GA, Ohaeri JU, Gado OM (2012) Prevalence of physical, psychological, and sexual abuse among a nationwide sample of Arab high school students: association with family characteristics, anxiety, depression, self-esteem, and quality of life. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 47(1):53\u201366","journal-title":"Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol"},{"key":"1378_CR11","unstructured":"Karakus \u00d6 (2012) Abuse and self esteem. Int J Hum Sci 9(2)"},{"issue":"2","key":"1378_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1007\/s10567-013-0131-5","volume":"16","author":"AB Miller","year":"2014","unstructured":"Miller AB, Esposito-smythers C, Weismoore JT, Renshaw KD (2014) The relation between child maltreatment and adolescent suicidal behavior: a systematic review and critical examination of the literature. Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev 16(2):146\u2013172","journal-title":"Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev"},{"key":"1378_CR13","volume-title":"Long-term consequences of child abuse and neglect [Fact sheet]","author":"CWI Gateway","year":"2019","unstructured":"Gateway CWI (2019) Long-term consequences of child abuse and neglect [Fact sheet]. U.S, Washington, DC"},{"key":"1378_CR14","first-page":"85","volume":"6","author":"F Khodabandeh","year":"2018","unstructured":"Khodabandeh F, Khalilzadeh M, Hemati Z (2018) The impact of adverse childhood experiences on adulthood aggression and self-esteem-a study on male forensic clients. Nov Biomed 6:85","journal-title":"Nov Biomed"},{"issue":"1","key":"1378_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-019-2139-y","volume":"19","author":"AA Mwakanyamale","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mwakanyamale AA, Yizhen Y (2019) Psychological maltreatment and its relationship with self-esteem and psychological stress among adolescents in Tanzania: a community based, cross-sectional study. BMC Psychiatry 19(1):1\u20139","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"issue":"7","key":"1378_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"881","DOI":"10.1007\/s10826-012-9647-4","volume":"22","author":"H Huang","year":"2013","unstructured":"Huang H, Hong JS, Espelage DL (2013) Understanding factors associated with bullying and peer victimization in chinese schools within ecological contexts. J Child Fam Stud 22(7):881\u2013892","journal-title":"J Child Fam Stud"},{"issue":"1","key":"1378_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s40359-015-0092-1","volume":"3","author":"LP Andersen","year":"2015","unstructured":"Andersen LP, Labriola M, Andersen JH, Lund T, Hansen CD (2015) Bullied at school, bullied at work: a prospective study. BMC Psychol 3(1):1\u20135","journal-title":"BMC Psychol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1378_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13104-020-05174-3","volume":"13","author":"MO Folayan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Folayan MO, Oginni O, Arowolo O, El Tantawi M (2020) Internal consistency and correlation of the adverse childhood experiences, bully victimization, self-esteem, resilience, and social support scales in Nigerian children. BMC Res Notes 13(1):1\u20137","journal-title":"BMC Res Notes"},{"key":"1378_CR19","unstructured":"Spade J (2007) The relationship between student bullying behaviors and self-esteem. Leadersh. Stud. Ed.D. Diss"},{"issue":"3","key":"1378_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8624.2006.00894.x","volume":"77","author":"J Kim","year":"2006","unstructured":"Kim J, Cicchetti D (2006) Longitudinal trajectories of self-system processes and depressive symptoms among maltreated and nonmaltreated children. Child Dev 77(3):624\u2013639","journal-title":"Child Dev"},{"key":"1378_CR21","first-page":"1097","volume":"26","author":"C Jenny","year":"2015","unstructured":"Jenny C (2015) Chil abuse and neglect: diagnosis, treatment, and evidence. Child Youth Serv Rev 26:1097","journal-title":"Child Youth Serv Rev"},{"key":"1378_CR22","unstructured":"Al-Arab AR (2011) Violence against children from the parents point of view in rural society: forms and effects \n                  \n                . Repository Yu Edu Jo 27(2):1764\u20131778"},{"issue":"1","key":"1378_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2008.12.005","volume":"33","author":"A Shaffer","year":"2009","unstructured":"Shaffer A, Yates TM, Egeland BR (2009) The relation of emotional maltreatment to early adolescent competence: developmental processes in a prospective study. Child Abuse Negl 33(1):36\u201344","journal-title":"Child Abuse Negl"},{"issue":"5","key":"1378_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1433","DOI":"10.1007\/s10826-019-01353-4","volume":"28","author":"P Muris","year":"2019","unstructured":"Muris P, Otgaar H, Meesters C, Heutz A, van den Hombergh M (2019) Self-compassion and adolescents\u2019 positive and negative cognitive reactions to daily life problems. J Child Fam Stud 28(5):1433\u20131444","journal-title":"J Child Fam Stud"},{"issue":"4","key":"1378_CR25","first-page":"1171","volume":"69","author":"KE Bolger","year":"1998","unstructured":"Bolger KE, Patterson CJ, Kupersmidt JB (1998) Peer relationships and self-esteem among children who have been maltreated. Child Dev 69(4):1171\u20131197","journal-title":"Child Dev"},{"issue":"6","key":"1378_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1067","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.133.6.1067","volume":"133","author":"F Juffer","year":"2007","unstructured":"Juffer F, Van Ijzendoorn MH (2007) Adoptees do not lack self-esteem: a meta-analysis of studies on self-esteem of transracial, international, and domestic adoptees. Psychol Bull 133(6):1067\u20131083","journal-title":"Psychol Bull"},{"key":"1378_CR27","volume-title":"Jordan Population and Family Health Survey 2017\u201318","author":"Department of Statistics (DOS)","year":"2019","unstructured":"Department of Statistics (DOS) (2019) Jordan Population and Family Health Survey 2017\u201318. Department of Statistics\/Jordan and ICF, Amman"},{"key":"1378_CR28","unstructured":"Butt AI (2018) Changing norms and behaviours to end physcial violence against children in Jordan 2019\u20132021"},{"key":"1378_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1080\/13575279.2020.1765144","volume":"28","author":"AJ Al-Khatib","year":"2020","unstructured":"Al-Khatib AJ (2020) A Comprehensive review of research on child abuse in Jordan. Child Care Pract 28:125","journal-title":"Child Care Pract"},{"key":"1378_CR30","volume-title":"Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences, 2nd editio","author":"J Cohen","year":"1988","unstructured":"Cohen J (1988) Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences, 2nd editio. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, New York"},{"key":"1378_CR31","unstructured":"WHO (2020) Adverse Childhood Experiences International Questionnaire (ACE-IQ). WHO https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/m\/item\/adverse-childhood-experiences-international-questionnaire-(ace-iq. Accessed 28 Aug 2021"},{"key":"1378_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/9781400876136","volume-title":"Society and the adolescent self-image","author":"M Rosenberg","year":"1965","unstructured":"Rosenberg M (1965) Society and the adolescent self-image. Princeton University Press, Princeton"},{"key":"1378_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.03.015","volume":"92","author":"R Kidman","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kidman R, Smith D, Piccolo LR, Kohler HP (2019) Psychometric evaluation of the Adverse Childhood Experience International Questionnaire (ACE-IQ) in Malawian adolescents. Child Abus Negl 92:139\u2013145","journal-title":"Child Abus Negl"},{"key":"1378_CR34","first-page":"4","volume-title":"WHO guidelines on translation and adaptation of instruments","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2015","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2015) WHO guidelines on translation and adaptation of instruments. WHO, Geneva, pp 4\u20137"},{"key":"1378_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Oweis A, Gharaibeh M, Alhourani R (2010) Rosenberg self-esteem scale--modified Arabic version [Database record]. Am Psychol Assoc","DOI":"10.1037\/t32871-000"},{"key":"1378_CR36","first-page":"179","volume":"88","author":"WHO","year":"2018","unstructured":"WHO (2018) Adverse Childhood Experiences International Questionnaire (ACE-IQ) guidance for analysing ACE-IQ. Child Abuse Negl 88:179","journal-title":"Child Abuse Negl"},{"issue":"4","key":"1378_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2009-0597","volume":"125","author":"NN Duke","year":"2010","unstructured":"Duke NN, Pettingell SL, Mcmorris BJ, Borowsky IW (2010) Adolescent violence perpetration: associations with multiple types of adverse childhood experiences. Pediatrics 125(4):e778","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"8","key":"1378_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"953","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2010.02222.x","volume":"51","author":"S Mrug","year":"2010","unstructured":"Mrug S, Windle M (2010) Prospective effects of violence exposure across multiple contexts on early adolescents\u2019 internalizing and externalizing problems. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 51(8):953\u2013961","journal-title":"J Child Psychol Psychiatry"},{"key":"1378_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Elarousy W, Al-Jadaani M (2013) Emotional abuse among children: a study in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.\n                  \n                 \u202c\u202c\u202c\u202c\u202c\u202c\u202c\u202c\u202c\u202c\u202c\u202c\u202c\u202c\u202c\u202c\u202c\u202c\u202c\u202c\u202c\u202c\u202c\u202c\u202c\u202c\u202c\u202c\u202c\u202c\u202c\u202c\u202c\u202c\u202c\u202c\u202c\u202c\u202c\u202c\u202c\u202c\u202c\u202c\u202c\u202c\u202c\u202c\u202c\u202c\u202c\u202c\u202c\u202c\u202c\u202c\u202c\u202c\u202c\u202c\u202c\u202c\u202c\u202c\u202c\u202c\u202c\u202c\u202c\u202c\u202c\u202c\u202c\u202c\u202c\u202c\u202c\u202c\u202c\u202c\u202c\u202c\u202c\u202c\u202c\u202c\u202c\u202c\u202c","DOI":"10.26719\/2013.19.10.869"},{"issue":"4","key":"1378_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1080\/02673843.2015.1093008","volume":"21","author":"E Al-Zboon","year":"2015","unstructured":"Al-Zboon E, Ahmad J, Al-Dababneh K (2015) Prevalence and types of childhood abuse among special education students attending Jordanian Universities. Int J Adolesc Youth 21(4):476\u2013485","journal-title":"Int J Adolesc Youth"},{"issue":"4","key":"1378_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1177\/1066480720909845","volume":"28","author":"H Al-Modallal","year":"2020","unstructured":"Al-Modallal H, Al-Omari H, Hamaideh S, Shehab T (2020) Childhood domestic violence as an ancestor for adulthood mental health problems: experiences of Jordanian women. Fam J 28(4):390\u2013395","journal-title":"Fam J"},{"issue":"7","key":"1378_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1130","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph16071130","volume":"16","author":"CKM Lo","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lo CKM et al (2019) Prevalence of child maltreatment and its association with parenting style: a population study in Hong Kong. Int J Environ Res Public Health 16(7):1130","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"1378_CR43","unstructured":"J Department of statistics Amman and D. Program (2017) Jordan Population and Family Health Survey"},{"issue":"2","key":"1378_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1080\/17441692.2019.1656274","volume":"15","author":"CA Laurenzi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Laurenzi CA et al (2020) Associations between young children\u2019s exposure to household violence and behavioural problems: evidence from a rural Kenyan sample. Glob Public Health 15(2):173\u2013184","journal-title":"Glob Public Health"},{"key":"1378_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e66","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pedn.2017.09.003","volume":"38","author":"AM Shaheen","year":"2018","unstructured":"Shaheen AM, Hammad S, Haourani EM, Nassar OS (2018) Factors affecting Jordanian school adolescents\u2019 experience of being bullied. J Pediatr Nurs 38:e66\u2013e71","journal-title":"J Pediatr Nurs"},{"issue":"11","key":"1378_CR46","first-page":"1528","volume":"43","author":"A Shaheen","year":"2014","unstructured":"Shaheen A, Nassar O, Saleh M, Arabiat D (2014) Understanding of school related factors associated with emotional health and bullying behavior among jordanian adolescents. Iran J Public Health 43(11):1528\u20131536","journal-title":"Iran J Public Health"},{"key":"1378_CR47","volume-title":"Wong\u2019s nursing care of infants and children","author":"MJ Hockenberry","year":"2012","unstructured":"Hockenberry MJ, Wilson D (2012) Wong\u2019s nursing care of infants and children, vol 106. Elsevier, Amsterdam"},{"key":"1378_CR48","unstructured":"Al-Najdawi AM, Kafawin K (2015) \n                  \n                 search.ebscohost.com, vol. Dirasat: H, pp 1487\u20131509"},{"issue":"4","key":"1378_CR49","first-page":"205","volume":"28","author":"RAL Krishan","year":"2019","unstructured":"Krishan RAL, Al-Wurikat AA (2019) The impact of social factors on child abuse: a case study in AL- Khansa Center. IUG J Hum Res 28(4):205\u2013227","journal-title":"IUG J Hum Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"1378_CR50","first-page":"303","volume":"53","author":"\u015e Aras","year":"2016","unstructured":"Aras \u015e, \u00d6zan S, Timbil S, \u015eemin S, Kasap\u00e7i O (2016) Exposure of students to emotional and physical violence in the school environment. Noropsikiyatri Ars 53(4):303\u2013310","journal-title":"Noropsikiyatri Ars"},{"key":"1378_CR51","unstructured":"Sottile Z (2021) \u2018It\u2019s a reality:\u2019 13 percent of Jordanian children experience severe physical punishment. https:\/\/www.jordannews.jo\/Section-109\/News\/It-s-a-reality-13-percent-of-Jordanian-children-experience-severe-physical-punishment-4490. Accessed 12 Feb 2022"},{"key":"1378_CR52","unstructured":"Global Initiative to End All Corporal Punishment of Children (2017) Briefing on Jordan for the Human Rights Committee, Country Report Task Force. In: 119th Session (Mar 2017)"},{"key":"1378_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2015.11.017","volume":"51","author":"ALG Soares","year":"2016","unstructured":"Soares ALG, Howe LD, Matijasevich A, Wehrmeister FC, Menezes AMB, Gon\u00e7alves H (2016) Adverse childhood experiences: Prevalence and related factors in adolescents of a Brazilian birth cohort. Child Abus Negl 51:21\u201330","journal-title":"Child Abus Negl"},{"key":"1378_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-012-0549-y","volume":"48","author":"M Stoltenborgh","year":"2013","unstructured":"Stoltenborgh M, Bakermans-Kranenburg MJ, Van Ijzendoorn MH (2013) The neglect of child neglect: a meta-analytic review of the prevalence of neglect. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 48:345","journal-title":"Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol"},{"issue":"10","key":"1378_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1590\/0102-311X00085815","volume":"32","author":"H Gon\u00e7alves","year":"2016","unstructured":"Gon\u00e7alves H et al (2016) Adverse childhood experiences and consumption of alcohol, tobacco and illicit drugs among adolescents of a Brazilian birth cohort. Cad Saude Publica 32(10):1\u201310","journal-title":"Cad Saude Publica"},{"key":"1378_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2017.08.016","volume":"72","author":"F Meinck","year":"2017","unstructured":"Meinck F, Cosma AP, Mikton C, Baban A (2017) Psychometric properties of the Adverse Childhood Experiences Abuse Short Form (ACE-ASF) among Romanian high school students. Child Abus Negl 72:326\u2013337","journal-title":"Child Abus Negl"},{"issue":"12","key":"1378_CR57","first-page":"2349","volume":"1","author":"ET Bankole","year":"2014","unstructured":"Bankole ET, Arowosegbe CK (2014) Effect of child abuse on self-esteem among secondary schools students in Ekiti State (case study of Iworoko community high school). Int J Hum Soc Sci Educ 1(12):2349","journal-title":"Int J Hum Soc Sci Educ"},{"issue":"2","key":"1378_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1007\/s10896-014-9668-4","volume":"30","author":"JJ Asscher","year":"2015","unstructured":"Asscher JJ, Van der Put CE, Stams GJJM (2015) Gender differences in the impact of abuse and neglect victimization on adolescent offending behavior. J Fam Violence 30(2):215\u2013225","journal-title":"J Fam Violence"},{"issue":"7","key":"1378_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1177\/070674371506000704","volume":"60","author":"TO Afifi","year":"2015","unstructured":"Afifi TO, Taillieu T, Cheung K, Katz LY, Tonmyr L, Sareen J (2015) Substantiated reports of child maltreatment from the Canadian incidence study of reported child abuse and neglect 2008: examining child and household characteristics and child functional impairment. Can J Psychiatry 60(7):315\u2013323","journal-title":"Can J Psychiatry"},{"key":"1378_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2017.02.033","volume":"67","author":"JM Hagborg","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hagborg JM, Tidefors I, Fahlke C (2017) Gender differences in the association between emotional maltreatment with mental, emotional, and behavioral problems in Swedish adolescents. Child Abus Negl 67:249\u2013259","journal-title":"Child Abus Negl"},{"key":"1378_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2003.12.013","volume":"82","author":"DP Chapman","year":"2004","unstructured":"Chapman DP, Whitfield CL, Felitti VJ, Dube SR, Edwards VJ, Anda RF (2004) Adverse childhood experiences and the risk of depressive disorders in adulthood. J Affect Disord 82:217\u2013225","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"issue":"7","key":"1378_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1016\/S0145-2134(98)00049-0","volume":"22","author":"K Kumpulainen","year":"1998","unstructured":"Kumpulainen K, Karelia S (1998) Bullying and psychiatric symptoms among elementary school-age children. Child Abuse Negl 22(7):705\u2013717","journal-title":"Child Abuse Negl"},{"issue":"1","key":"1378_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-6494.1982.tb00743.x","volume":"50","author":"RF Baumeister","year":"1982","unstructured":"Baumeister RF (1982) Self-esteem, self-presentation, and future Interaction: a dilemma of reputation. J Pers 50(1):29\u201345","journal-title":"J Pers"}],"container-title":["Child Psychiatry &amp; Human Development"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10578-022-01378-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10578-022-01378-9\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10578-022-01378-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,18]],"date-time":"2024-01-18T12:06:30Z","timestamp":1705579590000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10578-022-01378-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,24]]},"references-count":63,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]}},"alternative-id":["1378"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10578-022-01378-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["0009-398X","1573-3327"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0009-398X","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-3327","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,24]]},"assertion":[{"value":"23 April 2022","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"24 June 2022","order":2,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Authors have no competing interests to declare.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"Ethical approvals were obtained from all involved parties<b>.<\/b> After obtaining ethical approval, students who assented to participate in the study received a cover letter explaining the purpose and outcomes of the study. Parental written approval was also obtained.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical Approval"}}]}}