{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,26]],"date-time":"2025-12-26T13:07:48Z","timestamp":1766754468255,"version":"3.40.2"},"reference-count":80,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,21]],"date-time":"2023-07-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1689897600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,21]],"date-time":"2023-07-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1689897600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012681","name":"Universit\u00e4tsklinikum K\u00f6ln","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012681","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Child Psychiatry Hum Dev"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>Research has pointed to both cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between parental internalizing symptoms and child externalizing symptoms. This study analyzed whether the association is mediated by negative parenting behavior in view of previous reports that both parental internalizing symptoms and child externalizing symptoms are related to parenting behaviors. Longitudinal data for the current analyses were derived from a randomized controlled trial on the efficacy of a web-assisted self-help intervention for parents of children with elevated levels of externalizing symptoms. Two different mediation models were analyzed, one using attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms as the dependent variable and the other using oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) symptoms. Both models included parental internalizing symptoms as the independent variable, negative parenting behavior as a mediator, and study condition as a confounder. The longitudinal analyses support the mediating role of negative parenting behavior in the association between early parental internalizing symptoms and later child ODD symptoms.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10578-023-01575-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,21]],"date-time":"2023-07-21T11:02:05Z","timestamp":1689937325000},"page":"1-13","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Negative Parenting Mediates the Longitudinal Association between Parental Internalizing Symptoms and Child Oppositional Symptoms"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"56","author":[{"given":"Marie-Theres","family":"Klemp","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christina","family":"Dose","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Judith","family":"M\u00fchlenmeister","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Julia","family":"Pl\u00fcck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"W\u00e4hnke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Manfred","family":"D\u00f6pfner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"1575_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101954","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2020.101954","volume":"83","author":"EN Riise","year":"2021","unstructured":"Riise EN, Wergeland GJH, Njardvik U et al (2021) Cognitive behavior therapy for externalizing disorders in children and adolescents in routine clinical care: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Psychol Rev 83:101954. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cpr.2020.101954","journal-title":"Clin Psychol Rev"},{"key":"1575_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpp.13261","volume":"62","author":"M Vasileva","year":"2021","unstructured":"Vasileva M, Graf RK, Reinelt T et al (2021) Research review: A meta-analysis of the international prevalence and comorbidity of mental disorders in children between 1 and 7 years. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 62:372\u2013381. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jcpp.13261","journal-title":"J Child Psychol Psychiatry"},{"key":"1575_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-90350-7_13","volume-title":"Pediatric Mental Health for Primary Care Providers","author":"Y Graham","year":"2018","unstructured":"Graham Y (2018) Oppositional Defiant Disorder. In: Vinson SY, Vinson ES (eds) Pediatric Mental Health for Primary Care Providers. Springer International Publishing, Cham, pp 161\u2013171"},{"key":"1575_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2019.00042","volume":"13","author":"Y Luo","year":"2019","unstructured":"Luo Y, Weibman D, Halperin JM et al (2019) A Review of Heterogeneity in Attention Deficit\/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Front Hum Neurosci 13:42. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnhum.2019.00042","journal-title":"Front Hum Neurosci"},{"key":"1575_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"562","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-018-0070-0","volume":"24","author":"SV Faraone","year":"2019","unstructured":"Faraone SV, Larsson H (2019) Genetics of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Mol Psychiatry 24:562\u2013575. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41380-018-0070-0","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"key":"1575_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Lin X, He T, Heath M et al (2022) A Systematic Review of Multiple Family Factors Associated with Oppositional Defiant Disorder. Int J Environ Res Public Health 19. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph191710866","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph191710866"},{"key":"1575_CR7","first-page":"19","volume":"39","author":"S Mano","year":"2007","unstructured":"Mano S, Uno H (2007) Relationship between characteristic behaviors of children with AD\/HD and mothers\u2019 parenting styles. No To Hattatsu 39:19\u201324","journal-title":"No To Hattatsu"},{"key":"1575_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"940","DOI":"10.1093\/jpepsy\/jsn138","volume":"34","author":"CK Whalen","year":"2009","unstructured":"Whalen CK, Henker B, Ishikawa SS et al (2009) ADHD and anger contexts: electronic diary mood reports from mothers and children. J Pediatr Psychol 34:940\u2013953. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jpepsy\/jsn138","journal-title":"J Pediatr Psychol"},{"key":"1575_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.4103\/jehp.jehp_566_19","volume":"10","author":"M Fooladvand","year":"2021","unstructured":"Fooladvand M, Nadi MA, Abedi A et al (2021) Parenting styles for children with oppositional defiant disorder: Scope review. J Educ Health Promot 10:21. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/jehp.jehp_566_19","journal-title":"J Educ Health Promot"},{"key":"1575_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1177\/1063426610387433","volume":"21","author":"J Theule","year":"2013","unstructured":"Theule J, Wiener J, Tannock R et al (2013) Parenting Stress in Families of Children With ADHD. J Emotional Behav Disorders 21:3\u201317. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1063426610387433","journal-title":"J Emotional Behav Disorders"},{"key":"1575_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0214412","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0214412","volume":"14","author":"A W\u00fcstner","year":"2019","unstructured":"W\u00fcstner A, Otto C, Schlack R et al (2019) Risk and protective factors for the development of ADHD symptoms in children and adolescents: Results of the longitudinal BELLA study. PLoS ONE 14:e0214412. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0214412","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"1575_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1069","DOI":"10.1007\/s10802-010-9433-y","volume":"38","author":"CD Kouros","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kouros CD, Garber J (2010) Dynamic associations between maternal depressive symptoms and adolescents\u2019 depressive and externalizing symptoms. J Abnorm Child Psychol 38:1069\u20131081. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10802-010-9433-y","journal-title":"J Abnorm Child Psychol"},{"key":"1575_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1207\/S15374424JCCP3004_07","volume":"30","author":"CL Podolski","year":"2001","unstructured":"Podolski CL, Nigg JT (2001) Parent stress and coping in relation to child ADHD severity and associated child disruptive behavior problems. J Clin Child Psychol 30:503\u2013513. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1207\/S15374424JCCP3004_07","journal-title":"J Clin Child Psychol"},{"key":"1575_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1007\/s10802-006-9082-3","volume":"35","author":"AP Williford","year":"2007","unstructured":"Williford AP, Calkins SD, Keane SP (2007) Predicting change in parenting stress across early childhood: child and maternal factors. J Abnorm Child Psychol 35:251\u2013263. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10802-006-9082-3","journal-title":"J Abnorm Child Psychol"},{"key":"1575_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1002\/jclp.22504","volume":"74","author":"Z Ant\u00fanez","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ant\u00fanez Z, La Osa N, Granero R et al (2018) Reciprocity Between Parental Psychopathology and Oppositional Symptoms From Preschool to Middle Childhood. J Clin Psychol 74:489\u2013504. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jclp.22504","journal-title":"J Clin Psychol"},{"key":"1575_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579409000091","volume":"21","author":"HE Gross","year":"2009","unstructured":"Gross HE, Shaw DS, Burwell RA et al (2009) Transactional processes in child disruptive behavior and maternal depression: a longitudinal study from early childhood to adolescence. Dev Psychopathol 21:139\u2013156. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S0954579409000091","journal-title":"Dev Psychopathol"},{"key":"1575_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1111\/jomf.12163","volume":"77","author":"JS Mackler","year":"2015","unstructured":"Mackler JS, Kelleher RT, Shanahan L et al (2015) Parenting Stress, Parental Reactions, and Externalizing Behavior From Ages 4 to 10. J Marriage Fam 77:388\u2013406. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jomf.12163","journal-title":"J Marriage Fam"},{"key":"1575_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-295X.106.3.458","volume":"106","author":"SH Goodman","year":"1999","unstructured":"Goodman SH, Gotlib IH (1999) Risk for psychopathology in the children of depressed mothers: a developmental model for understanding mechanisms of transmission. Psychol Rev 106:458\u2013490. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0033-295X.106.3.458","journal-title":"Psychol Rev"},{"key":"1575_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1037\/0003-066x.44.2.329","volume":"44","author":"GR Patterson","year":"1989","unstructured":"Patterson GR, DeBaryshe BD, Ramsey E (1989) A developmental perspective on antisocial behavior. Am Psychol 44:329\u2013335. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/\/0003-066x.44.2.329","journal-title":"Am Psychol"},{"key":"1575_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1017\/S1463423612000060","volume":"13","author":"L Bloomfield","year":"2012","unstructured":"Bloomfield L, Kendall S (2012) Parenting self-efficacy, parenting stress and child behavior before and after a parenting programme. Prim Health Care Res Dev 13:364\u2013372. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S1463423612000060","journal-title":"Prim Health Care Res Dev"},{"key":"1575_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1207\/S15374424JCCP3301_16","volume":"33","author":"TB Kashdan","year":"2004","unstructured":"Kashdan TB, Jacob RG, Pelham WE et al (2004) Depression and anxiety in parents of children with ADHD and varying levels of oppositional defiant behaviors: modeling relationships with family functioning. J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol 33:169\u2013181. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1207\/S15374424JCCP3301_16","journal-title":"J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol"},{"key":"1575_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2214.2009.01037.x","volume":"36","author":"A Waylen","year":"2010","unstructured":"Waylen A, Stewart-Brown S (2010) Factors influencing parenting in early childhood: a prospective longitudinal study focusing on change. Child Care Health Dev 36:198\u2013207. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-2214.2009.01037.x","journal-title":"Child Care Health Dev"},{"key":"1575_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"662","DOI":"10.1177\/0193945909359409","volume":"32","author":"N Letourneau","year":"2010","unstructured":"Letourneau N, Salmani M, Duffett-Leger L (2010) Maternal depressive symptoms and parenting of children from birth to 12 years. West J Nurs Res 32:662\u2013685. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0193945909359409","journal-title":"West J Nurs Res"},{"key":"1575_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1177\/0956797620968532","volume":"32","author":"SA Burt","year":"2021","unstructured":"Burt SA, Clark DA, Gershoff ET et al (2021) Twin Differences in Harsh Parenting Predict Youth\u2019s Antisocial Behavior. Psychol Sci 32:395\u2013409. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0956797620968532","journal-title":"Psychol Sci"},{"key":"1575_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1177\/1087054717692881","volume":"23","author":"A Wirth","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wirth A, Reinelt T, Gawrilow C et al (2019) Examining the Relationship Between Children\u2019s ADHD Symptomatology and Inadequate Parenting: The Role of Household Chaos. J Atten Disord 23:451\u2013462. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1087054717692881","journal-title":"J Atten Disord"},{"key":"1575_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-009-0086-8","volume":"19","author":"CJM Buschgens","year":"2010","unstructured":"Buschgens CJM, van Aken MAG, Swinkels SHN et al (2010) Externalizing behaviors in preadolescents: familial risk to externalizing behaviors and perceived parenting styles. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 19:567\u2013575. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00787-009-0086-8","journal-title":"Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"1575_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"784","DOI":"10.1037\/a0025672","volume":"79","author":"EA Harvey","year":"2011","unstructured":"Harvey EA, Metcalfe LA, Herbert SD et al (2011) The role of family experiences and ADHD in the early development of oppositional defiant disorder. J Consult Clin Psychol 79:784\u2013795. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/a0025672","journal-title":"J Consult Clin Psychol"},{"key":"1575_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1097\/chi.0b013e31819176d0","volume":"48","author":"B Ellis","year":"2009","unstructured":"Ellis B, Nigg J (2009) Parenting practices and attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder: new findings suggest partial specificity of effects. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 48:146\u2013154. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/chi.0b013e31819176d0","journal-title":"J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"1575_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1007\/s10567-016-0216-z","volume":"19","author":"MR Dvorsky","year":"2016","unstructured":"Dvorsky MR, Langberg JM (2016) A Review of Factors that Promote Resilience in Youth with ADHD and ADHD Symptoms. Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev 19:368\u2013391. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10567-016-0216-z","journal-title":"Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev"},{"key":"1575_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.73.3.371","volume":"73","author":"TP Beauchaine","year":"2005","unstructured":"Beauchaine TP, Webster-Stratton C, Reid MJ (2005) Mediators, moderators, and predictors of 1-year outcomes among children treated for early-onset conduct problems: a latent growth curve analysis. J Consult Clin Psychol 73:371\u2013388. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0022-006X.73.3.371","journal-title":"J Consult Clin Psychol"},{"key":"1575_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9450.2008.00700.x","volume":"50","author":"S Fossum","year":"2009","unstructured":"Fossum S, M\u00f8rch W-T, Handeg\u00e5rd BH et al (2009) Parent training for young Norwegian children with ODD and CD problems: predictors and mediators of treatment outcome. Scand J Psychol 50:173\u2013181. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1467-9450.2008.00700.x","journal-title":"Scand J Psychol"},{"key":"1575_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2993","DOI":"10.1007\/s10826-020-01785-3","volume":"29","author":"MCK Mak","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mak MCK, Yin L, Li M et al (2020) The Relation between Parenting Stress and Child Behavior Problems: Negative Parenting Styles as Mediator. J Child Fam Stud 29:2993\u20133003. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10826-020-01785-3","journal-title":"J Child Fam Stud"},{"key":"1575_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.17105\/SPR45-2.192-208","volume":"45","author":"GD Booster","year":"2016","unstructured":"Booster GD, Mautone JA, Nissley-Tsiopinis J et al (2016) Reductions in Negative Parenting Practices Mediate the Effect of a Family\u2013School Intervention for Children With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. School Psychol Rev 45:192\u2013208. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.17105\/SPR45-2.192-208","journal-title":"School Psychol Rev"},{"key":"1575_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"861","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-020-01565-w","volume":"30","author":"C Dose","year":"2021","unstructured":"Dose C, Hautmann C, B\u00fcrger M et al (2021) Negative parenting behavior as a mediator of the effects of telephone-assisted self-help for parents of pharmacologically treated children with attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 30:861\u2013875. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00787-020-01565-w","journal-title":"Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"1575_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Zhang Q, Li JJ (2022) Explaining the Prospective Association of Positive and Negative Parenting Behaviors and Child ADHD Symptoms: Pathways Through Child Executive Function and Reward Responsivity. J Atten Disord 10870547221104079. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/10870547221104079","DOI":"10.1177\/10870547221104079"},{"key":"1575_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1080\/15374416.2014.958840","volume":"45","author":"LM Haack","year":"2016","unstructured":"Haack LM, Villodas MT, McBurnett K et al (2016) Parenting Mediates Symptoms and Impairment in Children With ADHD-Inattentive Type. J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol 45:155\u2013166. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/15374416.2014.958840","journal-title":"J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol"},{"key":"1575_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.1002\/ab.21850","volume":"45","author":"L Ezpeleta","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ezpeleta L, Penelo E, La Osa N et al (2019) Irritability and parenting practices as mediational variables between temperament and affective, anxiety, and oppositional defiant problems. Aggress Behav 45:550\u2013560. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ab.21850","journal-title":"Aggress Behav"},{"key":"1575_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"530","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beth.2010.02.004","volume":"41","author":"A Kling","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kling A, Forster M, Sundell K et al (2010) A randomized controlled effectiveness trial of parent management training with varying degrees of therapist support. Behav Ther 41:530\u2013542. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.beth.2010.02.004","journal-title":"Behav Ther"},{"key":"1575_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.1080\/15374416.2010.486315","volume":"39","author":"F Gardner","year":"2010","unstructured":"Gardner F, Hutchings J, Bywater T et al (2010) Who benefits and how does it work? Moderators and mediators of outcome in an effectiveness trial of a parenting intervention. J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol 39:568\u2013580. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/15374416.2010.486315","journal-title":"J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol"},{"key":"1575_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1007\/s10578-014-0474-2","volume":"46","author":"PR Smokowski","year":"2015","unstructured":"Smokowski PR, Bacallao ML, Cotter KL et al (2015) The effects of positive and negative parenting practices on adolescent mental health outcomes in a multicultural sample of rural youth. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 46:333\u2013345. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10578-014-0474-2","journal-title":"Child Psychiatry Hum Dev"},{"key":"1575_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1080\/17405629.2013.848789","volume":"11","author":"DE Dette-Hagenmeyer","year":"2014","unstructured":"Dette-Hagenmeyer DE, Reichle B (2014) Parents\u2019 depressive symptoms and children\u2019s adjustment over time are mediated by parenting, but differentially for fathers and mothers. Eur J Dev Psychol 11:196\u2013210. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/17405629.2013.848789","journal-title":"Eur J Dev Psychol"},{"key":"1575_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9507.2007.00425.x","volume":"17","author":"EM Cummings","year":"2008","unstructured":"Cummings EM, Schermerhorn AC, Keller PS et al (2008) Parental Depressive Symptoms, Children\u2019s Representations of Family Relationships, and Child Adjustment. Soc Dev 17:278\u2013305. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1467-9507.2007.00425.x","journal-title":"Soc Dev"},{"key":"1575_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-020-02778-8","volume":"20","author":"M Bellina","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bellina M, Grazioli S, Garzitto M et al (2020) Relationship between parenting measures and parents and child psychopathological symptoms: a cross-sectional study. BMC Psychiatry 20:377. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12888-020-02778-8","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"key":"1575_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Klemp M-T, Dose C, Hautmann C et al (2022) Parenting Behaviors as Mediators of the Association Between Parental Internalizing Symptoms and Child Externalizing Symptoms. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10578-022-01462-0. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev","DOI":"10.1007\/s10578-022-01462-0"},{"key":"1575_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Iacobucci G (2018) ADHD: methylphenidate should be first line drug treatment in children, review confirms. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.k3430. BMJ:k3430","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.k3430"},{"key":"1575_CR46","first-page":"586","volume":"93","author":"M Riley","year":"2016","unstructured":"Riley M, Ahmed S, Locke A (2016) Common Questions About Oppositional Defiant Disorder. Am Fam Physician 93:586\u2013591","journal-title":"Am Fam Physician"},{"key":"1575_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2009.07.026","volume":"57","author":"G Tripp","year":"2009","unstructured":"Tripp G, Wickens JR (2009) Neurobiology of ADHD. Neuropharmacology 57:579\u2013589. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2009.07.026","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"1575_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1583","DOI":"10.1007\/s10802-019-00542-5","volume":"47","author":"MC Fenesy","year":"2019","unstructured":"Fenesy MC, Teh SE, Lee SS (2019) Negative Parenting Moderates the Prospective Association of ADHD Symptoms and Youth Social Problems. J Abnorm Child Psychol 47:1583\u20131597. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10802-019-00542-5","journal-title":"J Abnorm Child Psychol"},{"key":"1575_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"950","DOI":"10.1080\/15374416.2020.1846540","volume":"50","author":"MM Hare","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hare MM, Graziano PA (2021) Treatment Response among Preschoolers with Disruptive Behavior Disorders: The Role of Temperament and Parenting. J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol 50:950\u2013965. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/15374416.2020.1846540","journal-title":"J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol"},{"key":"1575_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-020-2481-0","volume":"20","author":"M D\u00f6pfner","year":"2020","unstructured":"D\u00f6pfner M, W\u00e4hnke L, Klemp M-T et al (2020) Efficacy of web-assisted self-help for parents of children with ADHD (WASH) - a three-arm randomized trial under field\/routine care conditions in Germany. BMC Psychiatry 20:76. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12888-020-2481-0","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"key":"1575_CR51","unstructured":"G\u00f6rtz-Dorten A, D\u00f6pfner M, Th\u00f6ne A-K (2022) G\u00f6rtz-Dorten, A., Th\u00f6ne, A.-K., & D\u00f6pfner, M. (2022). DISYPS-ILF Interview-Leitf\u00e4den zum Diagnostik-System f\u00fcr psychische DISYPS-ILF Interview-Leitf\u00e4den zum Diagnostik-System f\u00fcr psychische St\u00f6rungen nach DSM-5 f\u00fcr Kinder und Jugendliche [Clinical Parent Interviews for Diagnosing Mental Disorders Based on the DSM-5 in Children and Adolescents]. Hogrefe, Bern"},{"key":"1575_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1840","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2020.01840","volume":"11","author":"A-K Th\u00f6ne","year":"2020","unstructured":"Th\u00f6ne A-K, G\u00f6rtz-Dorten A, Altenberger P et al (2020) Toward a Dimensional Assessment of Externalizing Disorders in Children: Reliability and Validity of a Semi-Structured Parent Interview. Front Psychol 11:1840. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2020.01840","journal-title":"Front Psychol"},{"key":"1575_CR53","volume-title":"DISYPS-III: Diagnostik-System f\u00fcr psychische St\u00f6rungen nach ICD-10 und DSM-5 f\u00fcr Kinder und Jugendliche - III: Manual","author":"M D\u00f6pfner","year":"2017","unstructured":"D\u00f6pfner M, G\u00f6rtz-Dorten A (2017) DISYPS-III: Diagnostik-System f\u00fcr psychische St\u00f6rungen nach ICD-10 und DSM-5 f\u00fcr Kinder und Jugendliche - III: Manual. Hogrefe, Bern"},{"key":"1575_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-7967(94)00075-U","volume":"33","author":"PF Lovibond","year":"1995","unstructured":"Lovibond PF, Lovibond SH (1995) The structure of negative emotional states: Comparison of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS) with the Beck Depression and Anxiety Inventories. Behav Res Ther 33:335\u2013343. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0005-7967(94)00075-U","journal-title":"Behav Res Ther"},{"key":"1575_CR55","unstructured":"Imort S, Hautmann C, Greimel L et al (2014) Der Fragebogen zum positiven und negativen Erziehungsverhalten (FPNE): Eine psychometrische Zwischenanalyse.: Poster zum 32 Symposium der Fachgruppe Klinische Psychologie und Psychotherapie der Deutschen Gesellschaft f\u00fcr Psychologie, Braunschweig"},{"key":"1575_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1023\/B:JCFS.0000044723.45902.70","volume":"13","author":"F Perepletchikova","year":"2004","unstructured":"Perepletchikova F, Kazdin AE (2004) Assessment of Parenting Practices Related to Conduct Problems: Development and Validation of the Management of Children\u2019s Behavior Scale. J Child Fam Stud 13:385\u2013403. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1023\/B:JCFS.0000044723.45902.70","journal-title":"J Child Fam Stud"},{"key":"1575_CR57","volume-title":"Manual for the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS)","author":"SH Lovibond","year":"1995","unstructured":"Lovibond SH, Lovibond PF (1995) Manual for the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS). Psychology Foundation monograph, 2nd edn. Psychology Foundation of Australia, Sydney","edition":"2"},{"key":"1575_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-198809000-00016","volume":"27","author":"JM Strayhorn","year":"1988","unstructured":"Strayhorn JM, Weidman CS (1988) A Parent Practices Scale and its relation to parent and child mental health. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 27:613\u2013618. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00004583-198809000-00016","journal-title":"J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"1575_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-008-1003-2","volume":"17","author":"U Ravens-Sieberer","year":"2008","unstructured":"Ravens-Sieberer U, Wille N, Erhart M et al (2008) Prevalence of mental health problems among children and adolescents in Germany: results of the BELLA study within the National Health Interview and Examination Survey. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 17(Suppl 1):22\u201333. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00787-008-1003-2","journal-title":"Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"1575_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1007\/s10578-013-0409-3","volume":"45","author":"A G\u00f6rtz-Dorten","year":"2014","unstructured":"G\u00f6rtz-Dorten A, Ise E, Hautmann C et al (2014) Psychometric properties of a German parent rating scale for oppositional defiant and conduct disorder (FBB-SSV) in clinical and community samples. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 45:388\u2013397. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10578-013-0409-3","journal-title":"Child Psychiatry Hum Dev"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"1575_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-008-1012-1","volume":"17","author":"M Erhart","year":"2008","unstructured":"Erhart M, D\u00f6pfner M, Ravens-Sieberer U (2008) Psychometric properties of two ADHD questionnaires: comparing the Conners\u2019 scale and the FBB-HKS in the general population of German children and adolescents\u2013results of the BELLA study. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 17(Suppl 1):106\u2013115. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00787-008-1012-1","journal-title":"Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"1575_CR62","volume-title":"Introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis: A regression-based approach","author":"AF Hayes","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hayes AF (2018) Introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis: A regression-based approach, Second edn. Guilford Press, New York. Methodology in the social sciences","edition":"Second"},{"key":"1575_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"879","DOI":"10.3758\/BRM.40.3.879","volume":"40","author":"KJ Preacher","year":"2008","unstructured":"Preacher KJ, Hayes AF (2008) Asymptotic and resampling strategies for assessing and comparing indirect effects in multiple mediator models. Behav Res Methods 40:879\u2013891. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3758\/BRM.40.3.879","journal-title":"Behav Res Methods"},{"key":"1575_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.21037\/atm.2016.11.11","volume":"4","author":"Z Zhang","year":"2016","unstructured":"Zhang Z, Zheng C, Kim C et al (2016) Causal mediation analysis in the context of clinical research. Ann Transl Med 4:425. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21037\/atm.2016.11.11","journal-title":"Ann Transl Med"},{"key":"1575_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Loh WW, Ren D (2023) Adjusting for Baseline Measurements of the Mediators and Outcome as a First Step Toward Eliminating Confounding Biases in Mediation Analysis. Perspect Psychol Sci 17456916221134573. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/17456916221134573","DOI":"10.1177\/17456916221134573"},{"key":"1575_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"943","DOI":"10.1007\/s10802-007-9145-0","volume":"35","author":"FJ Elgar","year":"2007","unstructured":"Elgar FJ, Mills RSL, McGrath PJ et al (2007) Maternal and paternal depressive symptoms and child maladjustment: the mediating role of parental behavior. J Abnorm Child Psychol 35:943\u2013955. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10802-007-9145-0","journal-title":"J Abnorm Child Psychol"},{"key":"1575_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-019-0095-y","volume":"5","author":"G Fairchild","year":"2019","unstructured":"Fairchild G, Hawes DJ, Frick PJ et al (2019) Conduct disorder. Nat Rev Dis Primers 5:43. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41572-019-0095-y","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Primers"},{"key":"1575_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.b.32828","volume":"186","author":"T Li","year":"2021","unstructured":"Li T, Franke B, AriasVasquez A et al (2021) Mapping relationships between ADHD genetic liability, stressful life events, and ADHD symptoms in healthy adults. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 186:242\u2013250. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ajmg.b.32828","journal-title":"Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet"},{"key":"1575_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1007\/s10802-010-9392-3","volume":"38","author":"MM Martel","year":"2010","unstructured":"Martel MM, Nikolas M, Jernigan K et al (2010) Personality mediation of genetic effects on Attention-Deficit\/Hyperactivity Disorder. J Abnorm Child Psychol 38:633\u2013643. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10802-010-9392-3","journal-title":"J Abnorm Child Psychol"},{"key":"1575_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1020","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2008.01909.x","volume":"49","author":"J Mill","year":"2008","unstructured":"Mill J, Petronis A (2008) Pre- and peri-natal environmental risks for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): the potential role of epigenetic processes in mediating susceptibility. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 49:1020\u20131030. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2008.01909.x","journal-title":"J Child Psychol Psychiatry"},{"key":"1575_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"982","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.b.32463","volume":"171","author":"R Pinto","year":"2016","unstructured":"Pinto R, Asherson P, Ilott N et al (2016) Testing for the mediating role of endophenotypes using molecular genetic data in a twin study of ADHD traits. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 171:982\u2013992. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ajmg.b.32463","journal-title":"Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet"},{"key":"1575_CR72","volume-title":"Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: A handbook for diagnosis and treatment. Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: A handbook for diagnosis and treatment","author":"RA Barkley","year":"1990","unstructured":"Barkley RA (1990) Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: A handbook for diagnosis and treatment. Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: A handbook for diagnosis and treatment. Guilford Press, New York, NY, US"},{"key":"1575_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1007\/s10519-015-9712-z","volume":"45","author":"EL de Zeeuw","year":"2015","unstructured":"de Zeeuw EL, van Beijsterveldt CEM, Lubke GH et al (2015) Childhood ODD and ADHD Behavior: The Effect of Classroom Sharing, Gender, Teacher Gender and Their Interactions. Behav Genet 45:394\u2013408. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10519-015-9712-z","journal-title":"Behav Genet"},{"key":"1575_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1313","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2004.11.024","volume":"57","author":"SV Faraone","year":"2005","unstructured":"Faraone SV, Perlis RH, Doyle AE et al (2005) Molecular genetics of attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder. Biol Psychiatry 57:1313\u20131323. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biopsych.2004.11.024","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"1575_CR75","unstructured":"Arney FM (2004) A comparison of direct observation and self. -report measures of parenting behaviour"},{"key":"1575_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.4094\/jkachn.2009.15.2.164","volume":"15","author":"M Kwon","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kwon M (2009) Comparison of Child-rearing Attitudes of Parents and Problem Behavior of Children as Perceived by Parents and Children. J Korean Acad Child Health Nurs 15:164\u2013170. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4094\/jkachn.2009.15.2.164","journal-title":"J Korean Acad Child Health Nurs"},{"key":"1575_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1257","DOI":"10.1007\/s10826-015-0309-1","volume":"25","author":"MMEM van Doorn","year":"2016","unstructured":"van Doorn MMEM, Kuijpers RCWM, Lichtwarck-Aschoff A et al (2016) Does Mother-Child Interaction Mediate the Relation Between Maternal Depressive Symptoms and Children\u2019s Mental Health Problems? J Child Fam Stud 25:1257\u20131268. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10826-015-0309-1","journal-title":"J Child Fam Stud"},{"key":"1575_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"879","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-9010.88.5.879","volume":"88","author":"PM Podsakoff","year":"2003","unstructured":"Podsakoff PM, MacKenzie SB, Lee J-Y et al (2003) Common method biases in behavioral research: A critical review of the literature and recommended remedies. J Appl Psychol 88:879\u2013903. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0021-9010.88.5.879","journal-title":"J Appl Psychol"},{"key":"1575_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1007\/s10826-007-9139-0","volume":"17","author":"T Banks","year":"2008","unstructured":"Banks T, Ninowski JE, Mash EJ et al (2008) Parenting Behavior and Cognitions in a Community Sample of Mothers with and without Symptoms of Attention-deficit\/Hyperactivity Disorder. J Child Fam Stud 17:28\u201343. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10826-007-9139-0","journal-title":"J Child Fam Stud"},{"key":"1575_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"951","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-022-02106-3","volume":"32","author":"A-K Treier","year":"2023","unstructured":"Treier A-K, Holas V, G\u00f6rtz-Dorten A et al (2023) Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on children with and without affective dysregulation and their families. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 32:951\u2013961. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00787-022-02106-3","journal-title":"Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry"}],"container-title":["Child Psychiatry &amp; Human Development"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10578-023-01575-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10578-023-01575-0\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10578-023-01575-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,22]],"date-time":"2025-03-22T21:09:41Z","timestamp":1742677781000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10578-023-01575-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,21]]},"references-count":80,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]}},"alternative-id":["1575"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10578-023-01575-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["0009-398X","1573-3327"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0009-398X"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1573-3327"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,21]]},"assertion":[{"value":"17 July 2023","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"21 July 2023","order":2,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"All procedures performed in our study were approved by the Ethics Committee of the University Hospital of Cologne and were in accordance with the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments. Informed consent was obtained from all individual participating caregivers prior to their inclusion in the study.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval"}},{"value":"Manfred D\u00f6pfner, Julia Pl\u00fcck and Christina Dose receive royalties from publishing companies as authors of books, treatment manuals and assessment manuals. None of the other authors of this study report any conflicts of interest.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}