{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T04:29:27Z","timestamp":1791606567254,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":84,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,12]],"date-time":"2024-09-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1726099200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,12]],"date-time":"2024-09-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1726099200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Tel Hai Academic College"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Child Psychiatry Hum Dev"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The study probes the role played by parenting control practices and parental locus of control in the relationship between parent and child anxiety. The study particularly aims at probing these matters in light of the parental gender-specific role, striving to improve our understanding of the differential etiological contribution of mothers\u2019 and fathers\u2019 anxiety and parental practices to child\u2019s anxiety. The study consisted of 316 parents (159 mothers and 157 fathers) who reported their own and their child\u2019s anxiety using valid instruments. The general path model used in the study exhibited an adequate fit to the data, generally confirming our theory regarding the direct and indirect associations between parent\u2013child anxiety. Using SEM multiple group analysis for parental gender, a strong-direct unique association was found between parent and child anxiety. For mothers, this association was partially mediated by maternal overprotection. Finally, maternal external locus of control was positively associated with child anxiety, after accounting for the effects of all other maternal variables. The study\u2019s findings and limitations are profoundly discussed in light of parental gender differences.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10578-024-01757-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,12]],"date-time":"2024-09-12T08:02:19Z","timestamp":1726128139000},"page":"927-940","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Parental Overprotection and Locus of Control as the Mechanisms Explaining the Relationship Between Parent and Child Anxiety: A Multiple Mediation Model"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"57","author":[{"given":"Yosi","family":"Yaffe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"1757_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596","volume-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"2013","unstructured":"American Psychiatric Association (2013) Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 5th edn. American Psychiatric Association, Arlington","edition":"5"},{"issue":"3","key":"1757_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psc.2009.06.002","volume":"32","author":"K Beesdo","year":"2009","unstructured":"Beesdo K, Knappe S, Pine DS (2009) Anxiety and anxiety disorders in children and adolescents: developmental issues and implications for DSM-V. Psychiatric Clinics 32(3):483\u2013524. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.psc.2009.06.002","journal-title":"Psychiatric Clinics"},{"issue":"10","key":"1757_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"980","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2010.05.017","volume":"49","author":"KR Merikangas","year":"2010","unstructured":"Merikangas KR, He JP, Burstein M, Swanson SA, Avenevoli S, Cui L, Benjet C, Georgiades K, Swendsen J (2010) Lifetime prevalence of mental disorders in US adolescents: results from the National Comorbidity Survey Replication-Adolescent Supplement (NCS-A). J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 49(10):980\u2013989. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaac.2010.05.017","journal-title":"J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"1757_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s11920-015-0591-z","volume":"17","author":"AM Wehry","year":"2015","unstructured":"Wehry AM, Beesdo-Baum K, Hennelly MM, Connolly SD, Strawn JR (2015) Assessment and treatment of anxiety disorders in children and adolescents. Curr Psychiatry Rep 17:1\u201311. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11920-015-0591-z","journal-title":"Curr Psychiatry Rep"},{"issue":"6","key":"1757_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.62.6.617","volume":"62","author":"RC Kessler","year":"2005","unstructured":"Kessler RC, Chiu WT, Demler O, Walters EE (2005) Prevalence, severity, and comorbidity of 12-month DSM-IV disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication. Arch Gen Psychiatry 62(6):617\u2013627. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/archpsyc.62.6.617","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"1757_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1007\/s10567-011-0097-0","volume":"14","author":"FJ Van Steensel","year":"2011","unstructured":"Van Steensel FJ, B\u00f6gels SM, Perrin S (2011) Anxiety disorders in children and adolescents with autistic spectrum disorders: a meta-analysis. Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev 14:302\u2013317. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10567-011-0097-0","journal-title":"Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev"},{"issue":"6","key":"1757_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"628","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpp.13186","volume":"61","author":"C Creswell","year":"2020","unstructured":"Creswell C, Waite P, Hudson J (2020) Practitioner review: anxiety disorders in children and young people\u2013assessment and treatment. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 61(6):628\u2013643. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jcpp.13186","journal-title":"J Child Psychol Psychiatry"},{"key":"1757_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1002\/9781118775349.ch11","volume-title":"The Wiley handbook of anxiety disorders","author":"G Bosmans","year":"2014","unstructured":"Bosmans G, Vandevivere E, Dujardin A, Kathryn K, Braet C (2014) Family factors and anxiety disorders. In: Emmelkamp P, Ehring T (eds) The Wiley handbook of anxiety disorders. Wiley, Hoboken, pp 172\u2013190"},{"issue":"1","key":"1757_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1080\/02673843.2021.1980067","volume":"26","author":"Y Yaffe","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yaffe Y (2021) A narrative review of the relationship between parenting and anxiety disorders in children and adolescents. Int J Adolesc Youth 26(1):449\u2013459. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/02673843.2021.1980067","journal-title":"Int J Adolesc Youth"},{"issue":"2","key":"1757_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.09.002","volume":"27","author":"BD McLeod","year":"2007","unstructured":"McLeod BD, Wood JJ, Weisz JR (2007) Examining the association between parenting and childhood anxiety: a meta-analysis. Clin Psychol Rev 27(2):155\u2013172. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.09.002","journal-title":"Clin Psychol Rev"},{"issue":"1","key":"1757_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1111\/1469-7610.00106","volume":"44","author":"JJ Wood","year":"2003","unstructured":"Wood JJ, McLeod BD, Sigman M, Hwang W, Chu BC (2003) Parenting and childhood anxiety: theory, empirical findings and future directions. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 44(1):134\u2013151. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1469-7610.00106","journal-title":"J Child Psychol Psychiatry"},{"issue":"6","key":"1757_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3296","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8624.1996.tb01915.x","volume":"67","author":"BK Barber","year":"1996","unstructured":"Barber BK (1996) Parent psychological control: Revisiting neglected construct. Child Dev 67(6):3296\u20133319. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1467-8624.1996.tb01915.x","journal-title":"Child Dev"},{"issue":"2","key":"1757_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adolescence.2011.10.010","volume":"35","author":"BK Barber","year":"2012","unstructured":"Barber BK, Xia M, Olsen JA, McNeely CA, Bose K (2012) Feeling disrespected by parents: Refining the measurement and understanding of psychological control. J Adolesc 35(2):273\u2013287. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.adolescence.2011.10.010","journal-title":"J Adolesc"},{"issue":"8","key":"1757_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1542","DOI":"10.1037\/dev0000536","volume":"54","author":"NB Perry","year":"2018","unstructured":"Perry NB, Dollar JM, Calkins SD, Keane SP, Shanahan L (2018) Childhood self-regulation as a mechanism through which early overcontrolling parenting is associated with adjustment in preadolescence. Dev Psychol 54(8):1542. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/dev0000536","journal-title":"Dev Psychol"},{"issue":"12","key":"1757_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1257","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2008.01898.x","volume":"49","author":"CO Van Der Bruggen","year":"2008","unstructured":"Van Der Bruggen CO, Stams GJJ, B\u00f6gels SM (2008) Research review: the relation between child and parent anxiety and parental control: a meta-analytic review. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 49(12):1257\u20131269","journal-title":"J Child Psychol Psychiatry"},{"key":"1757_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2016.03.002","volume":"45","author":"EL M\u00f6ller","year":"2016","unstructured":"M\u00f6ller EL, Nikoli\u0107 M, Majdand\u017ei\u0107 M, B\u00f6gels SM (2016) Associations between maternal and paternal parenting behaviors, anxiety and its precursors in early childhood: a meta-analysis. Clin Psychol Rev 45:17\u201333. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cpr.2016.03.002","journal-title":"Clin Psychol Rev"},{"issue":"10","key":"1757_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1468","DOI":"10.1080\/03004430.2016.1269762","volume":"188","author":"J Rose","year":"2018","unstructured":"Rose J, Roman N, Mwaba K, Ismail K (2018) The relationship between parenting and internalizing behaviours of children: a systematic review. Early Child Dev Care 188(10):1468\u20131486. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/03004430.2016.1269762","journal-title":"Early Child Dev Care"},{"issue":"1","key":"1757_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.5127\/pr.0332","volume":"1","author":"P Waite","year":"2014","unstructured":"Waite P, Whittington L, Creswell C (2014) Parent-child interactions and adolescent anxiety: a systematic review. Psychopathol Rev 1(1):51\u201376. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5127\/pr.0332","journal-title":"Psychopathol Rev"},{"issue":"8","key":"1757_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1583","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2004.02.014","volume":"37","author":"SM B\u00f6gels","year":"2004","unstructured":"B\u00f6gels SM, van Melick M (2004) The relationship between child-report, parent self-report, and partner report of perceived parental rearing behaviors and anxiety in children and parents. Personality Individ Differ 37(8):1583\u20131596","journal-title":"Personality Individ Differ"},{"issue":"2","key":"1757_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"618","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2013.07.007","volume":"151","author":"K Clarke","year":"2013","unstructured":"Clarke K, Cooper P, Creswell C (2013) The parental overprotection scale: associations with child and parental anxiety. J Affect Disord 151(2):618\u2013624. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jad.2013.07.007","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"issue":"10","key":"1757_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2885","DOI":"10.1007\/s10826-022-02378-y","volume":"31","author":"SE Francis","year":"2022","unstructured":"Francis SE, Manley S (2022) Parental beliefs about anxiety as a mediator of parental overcontrol and adolescent anxiety. J Child Fam Stud 31(10):2885\u20132902. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10826-022-02378-y","journal-title":"J Child Fam Stud"},{"key":"1757_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.08.065","volume":"295","author":"LB Jones","year":"2021","unstructured":"Jones LB, Hall BA, Kiel EJ (2021) Systematic review of the link between maternal anxiety and overprotection. J Affect Disord 295:541\u2013551. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jad.2021.08.065","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"1757_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1007\/s10608-008-9227-5","volume":"33","author":"M Spokas","year":"2009","unstructured":"Spokas M, Heimberg RG (2009) Overprotective parenting, social anxiety, and external locus of control: cross-sectional and longitudinal relationships. Cogn Ther Res 33:543\u2013551. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10608-008-9227-5","journal-title":"Cogn Ther Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"1757_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.124.1.3","volume":"124","author":"BF Chorpita","year":"1998","unstructured":"Chorpita BF, Barlow DH (1998) The development of anxiety: The role of control in the early environment. Psychol Bull 124(1):3","journal-title":"Psychol Bull"},{"issue":"2","key":"1757_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1177\/070674377602100208","volume":"21","author":"L Solyom","year":"1976","unstructured":"Solyom L, Silberfeld M, Solyom C (1976) Maternal overprotection in the etiology of agoraphobia. Can Psychiatr Assoc J 21(2):109\u2013113","journal-title":"Can Psychiatr Assoc J"},{"key":"1757_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02367260","volume":"24","author":"M Thomasgard","year":"1993","unstructured":"Thomasgard M, Metz WP (1993) Parental overprotection revisited. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 24:67\u201380. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF02367260","journal-title":"Child Psychiatry Hum Dev"},{"issue":"2","key":"1757_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1080\/15295192.2012.709147","volume":"13","author":"JH Kunz","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kunz JH, Grych JH (2013) Parental psychological control and autonomy granting: distinctions and associations with child and family functioning. Parenting 13(2):77\u201394","journal-title":"Parenting"},{"issue":"1","key":"1757_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1111\/1532-7795.1301004","volume":"13","author":"JS Silk","year":"2003","unstructured":"Silk JS, Morris AS, Kanaya T, Steinberg L (2003) Psychological control and autonomy granting: Opposite ends of a continuum or distinct constructs? J Res Adolesc 13(1):113\u2013128. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1532-7795.1301004","journal-title":"J Res Adolesc"},{"key":"1757_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.106.2.280","volume":"106","author":"SH Spence","year":"1997","unstructured":"Spence SH (1997) Structure of anxiety symptoms among children: a confirmatory factor-analytic study. J Abnorm Psychol 106:280\u2013297. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0021-843X.106.2.280","journal-title":"J Abnorm Psychol"},{"issue":"3","key":"1757_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.2466\/pr0.1995.77.3.819","volume":"77","author":"CC Robinson","year":"1995","unstructured":"Robinson CC, Mandleco B, Olsen SF, Hart CH (1995) Authoritative, authoritarian, and permissive parenting practices: development of a new measure. Psychol Rep 77(3):819\u2013830","journal-title":"Psychol Rep"},{"issue":"4","key":"1757_CR31","first-page":"169","volume":"1","author":"WC Becker","year":"1964","unstructured":"Becker WC (1964) Consequences of different kinds of parental discipline. Rev Child Dev Res 1(4):169\u2013208","journal-title":"Rev Child Dev Res"},{"key":"1757_CR32","unstructured":"Edwards S, Rapee R, Kennedy S (2008) Psychometric properties of a parent-report measure of overprotection in preschool-aged children. Unpublished manuscript"},{"key":"1757_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10862-021-09937-5","author":"S Manley","year":"2012","unstructured":"Manley S, Francis S (2012) The role of parental anxiety sensitivity and beliefs about child anxiety in the relationship between parent and child anxiety. J Psychopathol Behav Assess. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10862-021-09937-5","journal-title":"J Psychopathol Behav Assess"},{"key":"1757_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1007\/s10566-012-9186-6","volume":"41","author":"NW Affrunti","year":"2012","unstructured":"Affrunti NW, Ginsburg GS (2012) Exploring parental predictors of child anxiety: the mediating role of child interpretation bias. Child Youth Care Forum 41:517\u2013527. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10566-012-9186-6","journal-title":"Child Youth Care Forum"},{"key":"1757_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"897","DOI":"10.1007\/s10802-010-9455-5","volume":"38","author":"M Burstein","year":"2010","unstructured":"Burstein M, Ginsburg G, Tein J (2010) Parental anxiety and child symptomatology: an examination of additive and interactive effects of parent psychopathology. J Abnorm Child Psychol 38:897\u2013909. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10802-010-9455-5","journal-title":"J Abnorm Child Psychol"},{"key":"1757_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511994920.015","volume-title":"Anxiety disorders in children and adolescents. 2nd edition. Cambridge child and adolescent psychiatry","author":"C Creswell","year":"2011","unstructured":"Creswell C, Murray L, Stacey J, Cooper P (2011) Parenting and child anxiety. In: Silverman WK, Field AP (eds) Anxiety disorders in children and adolescents. 2nd edition. Cambridge child and adolescent psychiatry. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp 299\u2013322 (ISBN 9780521721486)"},{"issue":"3","key":"1757_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.113.3.471","volume":"113","author":"PS Moore","year":"2004","unstructured":"Moore PS, Whaley SE, Sigman M (2004) Interactions between mothers and children: impacts of maternal and child anxiety. J Abnorm Psychol 113(3):471. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0021-843X.113.3.471","journal-title":"J Abnorm Psychol"},{"issue":"8","key":"1757_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1097\/DBP.0000000000000593","volume":"39","author":"M Orgil\u00e9s","year":"2018","unstructured":"Orgil\u00e9s M, Penosa P, Morales A, Fern\u00e1ndez-Mart\u00ednez I, Espada JP (2018) Maternal anxiety and separation anxiety in children aged between 3 and 6 years: the mediating role of parenting style. J Dev Behav Pediatr 39(8):621\u2013628. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/DBP.0000000000000593","journal-title":"J Dev Behav Pediatr"},{"key":"1757_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3192","DOI":"10.1007\/s10826-015-0122-x","volume":"24","author":"LL Stone","year":"2015","unstructured":"Stone LL, Otten R, Soenens B, Engels RC, Janssens JM (2015) Relations between parental and child separation anxiety: the role of dependency-oriented psychological control. J Child Fam Stud 24:3192\u20133199. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10826-015-0122-x","journal-title":"J Child Fam Stud"},{"issue":"7","key":"1757_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"630","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2015.14070818","volume":"172","author":"TC Eley","year":"2015","unstructured":"Eley TC, McAdams TA, Rijsdijk FV, Lichtenstein P, Narusyte J, Reiss D, Spotts EL, Ganiban JM, Neiderhiser JM (2015) The intergenerational transmission of anxiety: a children-of-twins study. Am J Psychiatry 172(7):630\u2013637. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1176\/appi.ajp.2015.14070818","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"1757_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1207\/s15374424jccp2502_5","volume":"25","author":"BF Chorpita","year":"1996","unstructured":"Chorpita BF, Albano AM, Barlow DH (1996) Cognitive processing in children: relation to anxiety and family influences. J Clin Child Psychol 25:170\u2013176","journal-title":"J Clin Child Psychol"},{"key":"1757_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01664736","volume":"24","author":"MR Dadds","year":"1996","unstructured":"Dadds MR, Barrett PM, Rapee RM (1996) Family process and child anxiety and aggression: an observational analysis. J Abnorm Child Psychol 24:715\u2013734","journal-title":"J Abnorm Child Psychol"},{"issue":"3","key":"1757_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1007\/s10567-007-0020-x","volume":"10","author":"B Fisak","year":"2007","unstructured":"Fisak B, Grills-Taquechel AE (2007) Parental modeling, reinforcement, and information transfer: risk factors in the development of child anxiety? Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev 10(3):213\u2013231. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10567-007-0020-x","journal-title":"Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev"},{"key":"1757_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1093\/med:psych\/9780195123630.003.0021","volume-title":"The developmental psychopathology of anxiety","author":"RM Rapee","year":"2001","unstructured":"Rapee RM (2001) The development of generalized anxiety. In: Vasey MW, Dadds MR (eds) The developmental psychopathology of anxiety. Oxford University Press, New York, pp 481\u2013503"},{"issue":"4","key":"1757_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.138.4.303","volume":"138","author":"G Parker","year":"1981","unstructured":"Parker G, Lipscombe P (1981) Influences on maternal overprotection. Br J Psychiatry 138(4):303\u2013311","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"key":"1757_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1559","DOI":"10.1007\/s10826-014-9960-1","volume":"24","author":"JL Borelli","year":"2015","unstructured":"Borelli JL, Margolin G, Rasmussen HF (2015) Parental overcontrol as a mechanism explaining the longitudinal association between parent and child anxiety. J Child Fam Stud 24:1559\u20131574. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10826-014-9960-1","journal-title":"J Child Fam Stud"},{"key":"1757_CR47","volume-title":"Anxiety and its disorders: the nature and treatment of anxie O' and panic","author":"DH Barlow","year":"2002","unstructured":"Barlow DH (2002) Anxiety and its disorders: the nature and treatment of anxie O\u2019 and panic, 2nd edn. The Guilford Press, New York","edition":"2"},{"issue":"1","key":"1757_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1037\/h0092976","volume":"80","author":"JB Rotter","year":"1966","unstructured":"Rotter JB (1966) Generalised expectancies for internal versus external control of reinforcement. Psychol Monogr Gen Appl 80(1):1\u201328. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/h0092976","journal-title":"Psychol Monogr Gen Appl"},{"key":"1757_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-007-0671-7","volume":"17","author":"E Cohen","year":"2008","unstructured":"Cohen E, Sade M, Benarroch F, Pollak Y, Gross-Tsur V (2008) Locus of control, perceived parenting style, and symptoms of anxiety and depression in children with Tourette\u2019s syndrome. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 17:299\u2013305. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00787-007-0671-7","journal-title":"Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"1757_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1080\/15374416.2011.533410","volume":"40","author":"RD Freed","year":"2011","unstructured":"Freed RD, Tompson MC (2011) Predictors of parental locus of control in mothers of pre-and early adolescents. J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol 40(1):100\u2013110. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/15374416.2011.533410","journal-title":"J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol"},{"issue":"6","key":"1757_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2788.2005.00673.x","volume":"49","author":"R Hassall","year":"2005","unstructured":"Hassall R, Rose J, McDonald J (2005) Parenting stress in mothers of children with an intellectual disability: the effects of parental cognitions in relation to child characteristics and family support. J Intellect Disabil Res 49(6):405\u2013418. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-2788.2005.00673.x","journal-title":"J Intellect Disabil Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"1757_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1080\/13668250902862074","volume":"34","author":"T Lloyd","year":"2009","unstructured":"Lloyd T, Hastings RP (2009) Parental locus of control and psychological well-being in mothers of children with intellectual disability. J Intellect Dev Disabil 34(2):104\u2013115. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/13668250902862074","journal-title":"J Intellect Dev Disabil"},{"key":"1757_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3185","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-014-2189-4","volume":"44","author":"NH Falk","year":"2014","unstructured":"Falk NH, Norris K, Quinn MG (2014) The factors predicting stress, anxiety and depression in the parents of children with autism. J Autism Dev Disord 44:3185\u20133203. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10803-014-2189-4","journal-title":"J Autism Dev Disord"},{"key":"1757_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1007\/s10578-015-0540-4","volume":"47","author":"R Platt","year":"2016","unstructured":"Platt R, Williams SR, Ginsburg GS (2016) Stressful life events and child anxiety: examining parent and child mediators. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 47:23\u201334. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10578-015-0540-4","journal-title":"Child Psychiatry Hum Dev"},{"issue":"6","key":"1757_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1080\/00221325.2019.1652557","volume":"180","author":"L Di Pentima","year":"2019","unstructured":"Di Pentima L, Toni A, Schneider BH, Tom\u00e1s JM, Oliver A, Attili G (2019) Locus of control as a mediator of the association between attachment and children\u2019s mental health. J Genet Psychol 180(6):251\u2013265. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00221325.2019.1652557","journal-title":"J Genet Psychol"},{"issue":"2","key":"1757_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.13110\/merrpalmquar1982.65.2.0183","volume":"65","author":"NV Miller","year":"2019","unstructured":"Miller NV, Johnston C (2019) Associations between parent and child attributions for negative events. Merrill-Palmer Q 65(2):183\u2013206","journal-title":"Merrill-Palmer Q"},{"key":"1757_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2018","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2018.02018","volume":"9","author":"S Nowicki","year":"2018","unstructured":"Nowicki S, Iles-Caven Y, Gregory S, Ellis G, Golding J (2018) Stability of, and associations between, parent and child locus of control expectancies. Front Psychol 9:2018. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2018.02018","journal-title":"Front Psychol"},{"issue":"3","key":"1757_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1207\/s15374424jccp1503_10","volume":"15","author":"LK Campis","year":"1986","unstructured":"Campis LK, Lyman RD, Prentice-Dunn S (1986) The parental locus of control scale: development and validation. J Clin Child Psychol 15(3):260\u2013267. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1207\/s15374424jccp1503_10","journal-title":"J Clin Child Psychol"},{"issue":"4","key":"1757_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"724","DOI":"10.1038\/s41366-018-0141-y","volume":"43","author":"J Golding","year":"2019","unstructured":"Golding J, Iles-Caven Y, Ellis G, Gregory S, Nowicki S (2019) The relationship between parental locus of control and adolescent obesity: a longitudinal pre-birth cohort. Int J Obes 43(4):724\u2013734. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41366-018-0141-y","journal-title":"Int J Obes"},{"issue":"4","key":"1757_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327752jpa4304_12","volume":"43","author":"DG Ollendick","year":"1979","unstructured":"Ollendick DG (1979) Parental locus of control and the assessment of children\u2019s personality characteristics. J Pers Assess 43(4):401\u2013405. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1207\/s15327752jpa4304_12","journal-title":"J Pers Assess"},{"issue":"19","key":"1757_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16011","DOI":"10.1007\/s12144-020-01014-6","volume":"42","author":"Y Yaffe","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yaffe Y (2020) Systematic review of the differences between mothers and fathers in parenting styles and practices. Curr Psychol 42(19):16011\u201316024. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12144-020-01014-6","journal-title":"Curr Psychol"},{"key":"1757_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1007\/s10826-013-9767-5","volume":"23","author":"AI Pereira","year":"2013","unstructured":"Pereira AI, Barros L, Mendon\u00e7a D, Muris P (2013) The relationships among parental anxiety, parenting, and children\u2019s anxiety: the mediating effects of children\u2019s cognitive vulnerabilities. J Child Fam Stud 23:399\u2013409. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10826-013-9767-5","journal-title":"J Child Fam Stud"},{"issue":"3","key":"1757_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1103","DOI":"10.1111\/fare.12725","volume":"72","author":"NAS Darawshy","year":"2023","unstructured":"Darawshy NAS, Gewirtz AH, Cheng CH, Piehler T (2023) Associations of combat exposure and parental locus of control in deployed mothers and fathers. Fam Relat 72(3):1103\u20131117. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/fare.12725","journal-title":"Fam Relat"},{"key":"1757_CR64","unstructured":"Robinson CC, Mandleco B, Olsen SF, Hart CH (2001) The parenting styles and dimensions questionnaire (PSDQ).\u00a0Handbook of family measurement techniques\u00a03:319\u2013321"},{"issue":"4","key":"1757_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"887","DOI":"10.2307\/1126611","volume":"37","author":"D Baumrind","year":"1966","unstructured":"Baumrind D (1966) Effects of authoritative parental control on child behavior. Child Dev 37(4):887\u2013907","journal-title":"Child Dev"},{"issue":"11","key":"1757_CR66","first-page":"255","volume":"3","author":"D Baumrind","year":"1968","unstructured":"Baumrind D (1968) Authoritarian vs. authoritative parental control. Adolescence 3(11):255","journal-title":"Adolescence"},{"issue":"2","key":"1757_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.5964\/ijpr.v12i2.303","volume":"12","author":"Y Yaffe","year":"2018","unstructured":"Yaffe Y (2018) Convergent validity and reliability of the Hebrew version of the Parenting Styles and Dimensions Questionnaire (PSDQ) in Hebrew-speaking Israeli-Arab families. Interpersona 12(2):133\u2013144. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5964\/ijpr.v12i2.303","journal-title":"Interpersona"},{"key":"1757_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1080\/01494929.2013.770812","volume":"49","author":"MG Olivari","year":"2013","unstructured":"Olivari MG, Tagliabue S, Confalonieri E (2013) Parenting style and dimensions questionnaire: a review of reliability and validity. Marriage Fam Rev 49:465\u2013490. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/01494929.2013.770812","journal-title":"Marriage Fam Rev"},{"key":"1757_CR69","unstructured":"Darling N, Toyokawa T (1997) Construction and validation of the parenting style inventory II (PSI-II).\u00a0Unpublished manuscript,\u00a089"},{"key":"1757_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1080\/15295192.2012.709147","volume":"49","author":"C Kim","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kim C, Yang Z, Lee H (2015) Parental style, parental practices, and socialization outcomes: an investigation of their linkages in the consumer socialization context. J Econ Psychol 49:15\u201333. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/15295192.2012.709147","journal-title":"J Econ Psychol"},{"issue":"10","key":"1757_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1092","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.166.10.1092","volume":"166","author":"RL Spitzer","year":"2006","unstructured":"Spitzer RL, Kroenke K, Williams JB, L\u00f6we B (2006) A brief measure for assessing generalized anxiety disorder: the GAD-7. Arch Intern Med 166(10):1092\u20131097. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/archinte.166.10.1092","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"1757_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1342","DOI":"10.1037\/pas0000570","volume":"30","author":"T Reardon","year":"2018","unstructured":"Reardon T, Spence SH, Hesse J, Shakir A, Creswell C (2018) Identifying children with anxiety disorders using brief versions of the Spence Children\u2019s Anxiety Scale for children, parents, and teachers. Psychol Assess 30(10):1342","journal-title":"Psychol Assess"},{"key":"1757_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-7967(98)00034-5","volume":"36","author":"SH Spence","year":"1998","unstructured":"Spence SH (1998) A measure of anxiety symptoms among children. Behav Res Ther 36:545\u2013566. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0005-7967(98)00034-5","journal-title":"Behav Res Ther"},{"key":"1757_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"813","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-7967(03)00200-6","volume":"42","author":"MH Nauta","year":"2004","unstructured":"Nauta MH, Scholing A, Rapee RM, Abbott M, Spence SH, Waters A (2004) A parent-report measure of children\u2019s anxiety: psychometric properties and comparison with child-report in a clinic and normal sample. Behav Res Ther 42:813\u2013839. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0005-7967(03)00200-6","journal-title":"Behav Res Ther"},{"key":"1757_CR75","unstructured":"Kline RB (2005) Principles and practice of structural equation modelling. New York: Guilford Press."},{"issue":"1","key":"1757_CR76","first-page":"53","volume":"6","author":"K Hooper","year":"2008","unstructured":"Hooper K, Coughlan J, Mullen MR (2008) Structural equation modelling; Guidelines for determining model fit. Electron J Bus Res Methods 6(1):53\u201360.","journal-title":"Electron J Bus Res Methods"},{"key":"1757_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1005260311313","volume":"29","author":"EB McClure","year":"2001","unstructured":"McClure EB, Brennan PA, Hammen C, Le Brocque RM (2001) Parental anxiety disorders, child anxiety disorders, and the perceived parent\u2013child relationship in an Australian high-risk sample. J Abnorm Child Psychol 29:1\u201310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1023\/A:1005260311313","journal-title":"J Abnorm Child Psychol"},{"issue":"4","key":"1757_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.106.033589","volume":"192","author":"A Schreier","year":"2008","unstructured":"Schreier A, Wittchen HU, H\u00f6fler M, Lieb R (2008) Anxiety disorders in mothers and their children: prospective longitudinal community study. Br J Psychiatry 192(4):308\u2013309. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1192\/bjp.bp.106.033589","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"1757_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1007\/s10862-009-9133-5","volume":"32","author":"SE Francis","year":"2009","unstructured":"Francis SE, Chorpita BF (2009) Development and evaluation of the parental beliefs about anxiety questionnaire. J Psychopathol Behav Assess 32(1):138\u2013149. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10862-009-9133-5","journal-title":"J Psychopathol Behav Assess"},{"issue":"3","key":"1757_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-4560.1993.tb01174.x","volume":"49","author":"AC Crouter","year":"1993","unstructured":"Crouter AC, McHale SM, Bartko WT (1993) Gender as an organizing feature in parent-child relationships. J Soc Issues 49(3):161\u2013174","journal-title":"J Soc Issues"},{"key":"1757_CR81","volume-title":"The role of the father in child development","year":"2004","unstructured":"Lamb ME (ed) (2004) The role of the father in child development. John Wiley & Sons, Hoboken"},{"key":"1757_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1007\/s10826-011-9483-y","volume":"21","author":"M Verhoeven","year":"2012","unstructured":"Verhoeven M, B\u00f6gels SM, van der Bruggen CC (2012) Unique roles of mothering and fathering in child anxiety; moderation by child\u2019s age and gender. J Child Fam Stud 21:331\u2013343. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10826-011-9483-y","journal-title":"J Child Fam Stud"},{"issue":"1","key":"1757_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1080\/00049530108255119","volume":"53","author":"G Conrade","year":"2001","unstructured":"Conrade G, Ho R (2001) Differential parenting styles for fathers and mothers: differential treatment for sons and daughters. Aust J Psychol 53(1):29\u201335. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00049530108255119","journal-title":"Aust J Psychol"},{"issue":"2","key":"1757_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1037\/h0046016","volume":"56","author":"DT Campbell","year":"1959","unstructured":"Campbell DT, Fiske DW (1959) Convergent and discriminant validation by the multitrait-multimethod matrix. Psychol Bull 56(2):81","journal-title":"Psychol Bull"}],"container-title":["Child Psychiatry &amp; Human Development"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10578-024-01757-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10578-024-01757-4","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10578-024-01757-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,26]],"date-time":"2026-05-26T01:24:30Z","timestamp":1779758670000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10578-024-01757-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,12]]},"references-count":84,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]}},"alternative-id":["1757"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10578-024-01757-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["0009-398X","1573-3327"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0009-398X","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-3327","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"26 August 2024","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"12 September 2024","order":2,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"The study was performed in accordance with the ethical standards as laid down in the\u00a01964 Declaration of Helsinki. The study involving human participants was reviewed and approved by an institutional ethics committee of Tel-Hai academic college, Israel.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical Approval"}},{"value":"Informed consent was obtained from all individual adult participants included in the study.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed Consent"}},{"value":"Permission is given by the author to publish the original material included in the article (no third-party permission for any material is required).","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for Publication"}}]}}