{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T22:33:42Z","timestamp":1785278022078,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,13]],"date-time":"2025-08-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1755043200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,13]],"date-time":"2025-08-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1755043200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Child Psychiatry Hum Dev"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s10578-025-01905-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,13]],"date-time":"2025-08-13T09:21:17Z","timestamp":1755076877000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Psychometric Assessment of the UCLA PTSD Reaction Index for DSM-5 Brief Form in a Clinical Sample of Turkish Youth"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4720-6167","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abdurrahman Cahid","family":"\u00d6reng\u00fcl","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7068-8694","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rana Selin","family":"K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fckardal\u0131","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4281-6211","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Beyza Nur","family":"Karal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2704-9520","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vahdet","family":"Gormez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,13]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"1905_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2009.12.020","volume":"49","author":"JA Cohen","year":"2010","unstructured":"Cohen JA, Bukstein O, Walter H, Benson SR, Chrisman A, Farchione TR, Hamilton J, Keable H, Kinlan J, Schoettle U, Siegel M, Stock S, Medicus J, AACAP Work Group On Quality Issues (2010) Practice parameter for the assessment and treatment of children and adolescents with posttraumatic stress disorder. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry 49(4):414\u2013430. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaac.2009.12.020","journal-title":"Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"1905_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2019.06.015","volume":"59","author":"B Rolon-Arroyo","year":"2020","unstructured":"Rolon-Arroyo B, Oosterhoff B, Layne CM, Steinberg AM, Pynoos RS, Kaplow JB (2020) The UCLA PTSD reaction index for DSM-5 brief form: a screening tool for trauma-exposed youths. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 59(3):434\u2013443. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaac.2019.06.015","journal-title":"J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"1905_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291715001981","volume":"46","author":"C Benjet","year":"2016","unstructured":"Benjet C, Bromet E, Karam EG, Kessler RC, McLaughlin KA, Ruscio AM, Shahly V, Stein DJ, Petukhova M, Hill E, Alonso J, Atwoli L, Bunting B, Bruffaerts R, Caldas-de-Almeida JM, de Girolamo G, Florescu S, Gureje O, Huang Y, Lepine JP et al (2016) The epidemiology of traumatic event exposure worldwide: results from the World Mental Health Survey Consortium. Psychol Med 46(2):327\u2013343. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S0033291715001981","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"1905_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1007\/s11920-019-1032-1","volume":"21","author":"P Watson","year":"2019","unstructured":"Watson P (2019) Ptsd as a public mental health priority. Curr Psychiatry Rep 21(7):61. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11920-019-1032-1","journal-title":"Curr Psychiatry Rep"},{"issue":"2","key":"1905_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1007\/s10802-018-0431-9","volume":"47","author":"R Charak","year":"2019","unstructured":"Charak R, Ford JD, Modrowski CA, Kerig PK (2019) Polyvictimization, emotion dysregulation, symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder, and behavioral health problems among justice-involved youth: a latent class analysis. J Abnorm Child Psychol 47(2):287\u2013298. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10802-018-0431-9","journal-title":"J Abnorm Child Psychol"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"1905_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/s0149-7634(03)00007-1","volume":"27","author":"MH Teicher","year":"2003","unstructured":"Teicher MH, Andersen SL, Polcari A, Anderson CM, Navalta CP, Kim DM (2003) The neurobiological consequences of early stress and childhood maltreatment. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 27(1\u20132):33\u201344. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0149-7634(03)00007-1","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"issue":"1","key":"1905_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-023-04716-w","volume":"23","author":"D Nilaweera","year":"2023","unstructured":"Nilaweera D, Phyo AZZ, Teshale AB, Htun HL, Wrigglesworth J, Gurvich C, Freak-Poli R, Ryan J (2023) Lifetime posttraumatic stress disorder as a predictor of mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Psychiatry 23(1):229. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12888-023-04716-w","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"1905_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1080\/15374410701818293","volume":"37","author":"WK Silverman","year":"2008","unstructured":"Silverman WK, Ortiz CD, Viswesvaran C, Burns BJ, Kolko DJ, Putnam FW, Amaya-Jackson L (2008) Evidence-based psychosocial treatments for children and adolescents exposed to traumatic events. J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol 37(1):156\u2013183. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/15374410701818293","journal-title":"J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol"},{"issue":"6","key":"1905_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-009-0745-9","volume":"18","author":"A Eksi","year":"2009","unstructured":"Eksi A, Braun KL (2009) Over-time changes in PTSD and depression among children surviving the 1999 Istanbul earthquake. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 18(6):384\u2013391. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00787-009-0745-9","journal-title":"Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"1905_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1007\/s10903-017-0680-7","volume":"20","author":"V Gormez","year":"2018","unstructured":"Gormez V, K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7 HN, Orengul AC, Demir MN, Demirlikan \u015e, Demirba\u015f S, Babacan B, K\u0131n\u0131k K, Semerci B (2018) Psychopathology and associated risk factors among forcibly displaced Syrian children and adolescents. J Immigr Minor Health 20(3):529\u2013535. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10903-017-0680-7","journal-title":"J Immigr Minor Health"},{"issue":"7","key":"1905_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"982","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2013.04.003","volume":"54","author":"MT Kadak","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kadak MT, Nas\u0131ro\u011flu S, Boysan M, Ayd\u0131n A (2013) Risk factors predicting posttraumatic stress reactions in adolescents after 2011 Van earthquake. Compr Psychiatry 54(7):982\u2013990. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.comppsych.2013.04.003","journal-title":"Compr Psychiatry"},{"key":"1905_CR12","volume-title":"Summary report of the research on child abuse and domestic violence in Turkey","author":"\u00dcK Oral","year":"2010","unstructured":"Oral \u00dcK, Engin P, B\u00fcy\u00fckyaz\u0131c\u0131 Z (2010) Summary report of the research on child abuse and domestic violence in Turkey. UNICEF, Ankara"},{"issue":"2","key":"1905_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2105580","DOI":"10.1080\/20008066.2022.2105580","volume":"13","author":"C Sachser","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sachser C, Berliner L, Risch E, Rosner R, Birkeland MS, Eilers R, Hafstad GS, Pfeiffer E, Plener PL, Jensen TK (2022) The child and adolescent trauma screen 2 (CATS-2) - validation of an instrument to measure DSM-5 and ICD-11 PTSD and complex PTSD in children and adolescents. Eur J Psychotraumatol 13(2):2105580. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/20008066.2022.2105580","journal-title":"Eur J Psychotraumatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1905_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1080\/15374416.2017.1350962","volume":"47","author":"EB Foa","year":"2018","unstructured":"Foa EB, Asnaani A, Zang Y, Capaldi S, Yeh R, Division 53 (2018) Psychometrics of the child PTSD symptom scale for DSM-5 for trauma-exposed children and adolescents. J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol 47(1):38\u201346. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/15374416.2017.1350962","journal-title":"J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1905_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1818974","DOI":"10.1080\/20008198.2020.1818974","volume":"11","author":"A Haselgruber","year":"2020","unstructured":"Haselgruber A, S\u00f6lva K, Lueger-Schuster B (2020) Symptom structure of ICD-11 complex posttraumatic stress disorder (CPTSD) in trauma-exposed foster children: examining the International Trauma Questionnaire - Child and Adolescent Version (ITQ-CA). Eur J Psychotraumatol 11(1):1818974. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/20008198.2020.1818974","journal-title":"Eur J Psychotraumatol"},{"issue":"1b","key":"1905_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2156759X221106814","volume":"26","author":"H Ermis-Demirtas","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ermis-Demirtas H, Luo Y, Huang YJ (2022) The trauma of COVID-19-fueled discrimination: posttraumatic stress in Asian American adolescents. Prof Sch Counsel 26(1b):2156759X221106814. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/2156759X221106814","journal-title":"Prof Sch Counsel"},{"issue":"8","key":"1905_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0255440","volume":"16","author":"MH Sayed","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sayed MH, Hegazi MA, El-Baz MS, Alahmadi TS, Zubairi NA, Altuwiriqi MA, Saeedi FA, Atwah AF, Abdulhaq NM, Almurashi SH (2021) COVID-19 related posttraumatic stress disorder in children and adolescents in Saudi Arabia. PLoS ONE 16(8):e0255440. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0255440","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"3","key":"1905_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.5152\/npa.2017.15913","volume":"54","author":"\u015e Yalin Sapmaz","year":"2017","unstructured":"Yalin Sapmaz \u015e, Ergin D, \u00d6zek Erkuran H, \u015een Celasin N, \u00d6zt\u00fcrk M, Karaarslan D, K\u00f6ro\u011flu E, Aydemir \u00d6 (2017) Validity and reliability of the Turkish Version of the DSM-5 posttraumatic stress symptom severity scale-child form. Noro Psikiyatri Arsivi 54(3):205\u2013208. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5152\/npa.2017.15913","journal-title":"Noro Psikiyatri Arsivi"},{"issue":"1","key":"1905_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2018.10.019","volume":"59","author":"JB Kaplow","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kaplow JB, Rolon-Arroyo B, Layne CM, Rooney E, Oosterhoff B, Hill R, Steinberg AM, Lotterman J, Gallagher KAS, Pynoos RS (2020) Validation of the UCLA PTSD reaction index for DSM-5: a developmentally informed assessment tool for youth. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 59(1):186\u2013194. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaac.2018.10.019","journal-title":"J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"issue":"6","key":"1905_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"922","DOI":"10.1007\/s10578-017-0716-1","volume":"48","author":"V Gormez","year":"2017","unstructured":"Gormez V, Kilincaslan A, Ebesutani C, Orengul AC, Kaya I, Ceri V, Nasiroglu S, Filiz M, Chorpita BF (2017) Psychometric properties of the parent version of the revised child anxiety and depression scale in a clinical sample of Turkish children and adolescents. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 48(6):922\u2013933. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10578-017-0716-1","journal-title":"Child Psychiatry Hum Dev"},{"issue":"5","key":"1905_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.1997.tb01545.x","volume":"38","author":"R Goodman","year":"1997","unstructured":"Goodman R (1997) The strengths and difficulties questionnaire: a research note. J Child Psychol Psychiatry Allied Discip 38(5):581\u2013586. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1469-7610.1997.tb01545.x","journal-title":"J Child Psychol Psychiatry Allied Discip"},{"key":"1905_CR22","first-page":"23","volume":"20","author":"S Yalin","year":"2013","unstructured":"Yalin S, \u00d6zbek A, G\u00fcvenir T, Baydur H (2013) The advanced psychometric properties of Turkish strengths and difficulties questionnaire (SDQ). Turk J Child Adolesc Ment Health 20:23\u201332","journal-title":"Turk J Child Adolesc Ment Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"1905_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1605282","DOI":"10.1080\/20008198.2019.1605282","volume":"10","author":"A Doric","year":"2019","unstructured":"Doric A, Stevanovic D, Stupar D, Vostanis P, Atilola O, Moreira P, Dodig-Curkovic K, Franic T, Davidovic V, Avicenna M, Noor M, Nussbaum L, Thabet A, Ubalde D, Petrov P, Deljkovic A, Antonio ML, Ribas A, Oliveira J, Knez R (2019) UCLA PTSD reaction index for DSM-5 (PTSD-RI-5): a psychometric study of adolescents sampled from communities in eleven countries. Eur J Psychotraumatol 10(1):1605282. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/20008198.2019.1605282","journal-title":"Eur J Psychotraumatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1905_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2465082","DOI":"10.1080\/20008066.2025.2465082","volume":"16","author":"RS Kucukardali","year":"2025","unstructured":"Kucukardali RS, Karal BN, Steinberg AM, Orengul AC (2025) Psychometric evaluation of the UCLA PTSD reaction index (PTSD RI-5) in a Turkish clinical sample of trauma-exposed children. Eur J Psychotraumatol 16(1):2465082. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/20008066.2025.2465082","journal-title":"Eur J Psychotraumatol"},{"key":"1905_CR25","volume-title":"Schedule for affective disorders and schizophrenia for school-aged children: present and lifetime version (K-SADS-PL) DSM-5 November 2016 working draft","author":"J Kaufman","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kaufman J, Birmaher B, Axelson D et al (2016) Schedule for affective disorders and schizophrenia for school-aged children: present and lifetime version (K-SADS-PL) DSM-5 November 2016 working draft. Yale University, Child and Adolescent Research and Education, New Haven"},{"key":"1905_CR26","unstructured":"Rooney EE (2023) Psychometric Properties of the Spanish UCLA PTSD Reaction Index for DSM-5\u2013Brief Form in Puerto Rico Following Hurricane Maria. Master's thesis, The University of Mississippi"},{"issue":"1","key":"1905_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.5080\/u23408","volume":"30","author":"F \u00dcnal","year":"2019","unstructured":"\u00dcnal F, \u00d6ktem F, \u00c7etin \u00c7uhadaro\u011flu F, \u00c7engel K\u00fclt\u00fcr SE, Akdemir D, Foto \u00d6zdemir D, \u00c7ak HT, \u00dcnal D, T\u0131ra\u015f K, Aslan C, Kalayc\u0131 BM, Aydos BS, K\u00fct\u00fck F, Ta\u015fy\u00fcrek E, Karaokur R, Karabucak B, Karak\u00f6k B, Karaer Y, Art\u0131k A (2019) Reliability and validity of the schedule for affective disorders and schizophrenia for school-age children-present and lifetime version, DSM-5 november 2016-turkish adaptation. Turk J Psychiatry 30(1):42\u201350. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5080\/u23408","journal-title":"Turk J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"1905_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.1177\/10775595221150749","volume":"28","author":"DT Hartman","year":"2023","unstructured":"Hartman DT, Wang Y, Wu Y, Goldfarb D, Vidales D, Qin J et al (2023) Childhood sexual abuse: a longitudinal study of disclosures and denials. Child Maltreat 28(3):462\u2013475. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/10775595221150749","journal-title":"Child Maltreat"},{"issue":"1","key":"1905_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/10705519909540118","volume":"6","author":"Lt Hu","year":"1999","unstructured":"Hu Lt, Bentler PM (1999) Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Struct Equ Model Multidiscip J 6(1):1\u201355. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10705519909540118","journal-title":"Struct Equ Model Multidiscip J"},{"issue":"1","key":"1905_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1007\/s10862-020-09854-z","volume":"43","author":"CA Modrowski","year":"2021","unstructured":"Modrowski CA, Munion AK, Kerig PK, Kilshaw RE (2021) A Bayesian structural equation modeling factor analysis of the UCLA posttraumatic stress disorder reaction index for DSM-5 in a polyvictimized sample of adolescents. J Psychopathol Behav Assess 43(1):119\u2013130. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10862-020-09854-z","journal-title":"J Psychopathol Behav Assess"},{"issue":"4","key":"1905_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.131.4.483","volume":"131","author":"A De Los Reyes","year":"2005","unstructured":"De Los Reyes A, Kazdin AE (2005) Informant discrepancies in the assessment of childhood psychopathology: a critical review, theoretical framework, and recommendations for further study. Psychol Bull 131(4):483\u2013509. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0033-2909.131.4.483","journal-title":"Psychol Bull"},{"issue":"1","key":"1905_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.52589\/BJCE-FY266HK9","volume":"2","author":"I Kennedy","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kennedy I (2022) Sample size determination in test-retest and Cronbach alpha reliability estimates. Br J Contemp Educ 2(1):17\u201329","journal-title":"Br J Contemp Educ"},{"issue":"2","key":"1905_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.23668\/psycharchives.12784","volume":"8","author":"K Schermelleh-Engel","year":"2003","unstructured":"Schermelleh-Engel K, Moosbrugger H, M\u00fcller H (2003) Evaluating the fit of structural equation models: Tests of significance and descriptive goodness-of-fit measures. Methods Psychol Res Online 8(2):23\u201374. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.23668\/psycharchives.12784","journal-title":"Methods Psychol Res Online"},{"key":"1905_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30464","DOI":"10.3402\/ejpt.v7.30464","volume":"7","author":"BJ Liddell","year":"2016","unstructured":"Liddell BJ, Jobson L (2016) The impact of cultural differences in self-representation on the neural substrates of posttraumatic stress disorder. Eur J Psychotraumatol 7:30464. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3402\/ejpt.v7.30464","journal-title":"Eur J Psychotraumatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"1905_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spen.2015.04.004","volume":"22","author":"U Ramtekkar","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ramtekkar U, Ivanenko A (2015) Sleep in children with psychiatric disorders. Semin Pediatr Neurol 22(2):148\u2013155. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.spen.2015.04.004","journal-title":"Semin Pediatr Neurol"}],"container-title":["Child Psychiatry & Human Development"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10578-025-01905-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10578-025-01905-4\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10578-025-01905-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,9]],"date-time":"2025-09-09T21:09:30Z","timestamp":1757452170000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10578-025-01905-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,13]]},"references-count":35,"alternative-id":["1905"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10578-025-01905-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["0009-398X","1573-3327"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0009-398X","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-3327","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,13]]},"assertion":[{"value":"5 August 2025","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"13 August 2025","order":2,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"The data used in this study were collected from subjects who gave informed consent by themselves and their parents.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed Consent"}},{"value":"This work was conducted ethically by following per under Helsinki World Medical Association Declaration.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with Ethical Standards"}},{"value":"A clinical trial registration could not be completed because the authors were managing an intense workload while conducting the study.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Clinical Trial Registration"}}]}}