{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T02:39:19Z","timestamp":1793414359278,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":179,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"5-6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,2]],"date-time":"2018-05-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1525219200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,2]],"date-time":"2018-05-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1525219200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["TL1TR001864"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TL1TR001864"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clin Exp Metastasis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,8]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10585-018-9893-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,2]],"date-time":"2018-05-02T15:06:00Z","timestamp":1525273560000},"page":"379-391","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":105,"title":["Genetics of metastasis: melanoma and other cancers"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"35","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7537-6449","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Noel","family":"Turner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olivia","family":"Ware","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0166-1612","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcus","family":"Bosenberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,2]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"9893_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1016\/S0046-8177(86)80032-6","volume":"17","author":"WH Clark Jr","year":"1986","unstructured":"Clark WH Jr, Elder DE, Van Horn M (1986) The biologic forms of malignant melanoma. Hum Pathol 17(5):443\u2013450","journal-title":"Hum Pathol"},{"issue":"2","key":"9893_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1097\/00000478-197706000-00004","volume":"1","author":"JH Arrington 3rd","year":"1977","unstructured":"Arrington JH 3rd et al (1977) Plantar lentiginous melanoma: a distinctive variant of human cutaneous malignant melanoma. Am J Surg Pathol 1(2):131\u2013143","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"issue":"8","key":"9893_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"724","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.296962.117","volume":"31","author":"C Pandiani","year":"2017","unstructured":"Pandiani C et al (2017) Focus on cutaneous and uveal melanoma specificities. Genes Dev 31(8):724\u2013743","journal-title":"Genes Dev"},{"issue":"2","key":"9893_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1097\/CMR.0000000000000222","volume":"26","author":"L Vazquez Vde","year":"2016","unstructured":"Vazquez Vde L et al (2016) Molecular profiling, including TERT promoter mutations, of acral lentiginous melanomas. Melanoma Res 26(2):93\u201399","journal-title":"Melanoma Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"9893_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"630","DOI":"10.1038\/labinvest.2016.147","volume":"97","author":"EA Merkel","year":"2017","unstructured":"Merkel EA, Gerami P (2017) Malignant melanoma of sun-protected sites: a review of clinical, histological, molecular features. Lab Invest 97(6):630\u2013635","journal-title":"Lab Invest"},{"issue":"2","key":"9893_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1097\/DAD.0b013e31829bea8b","volume":"36","author":"JY Kim","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kim JY et al (2014) Acral lentiginous melanoma: indolent subtype with long radial growth phase. Am J Dermatopathol 36(2):142\u2013147","journal-title":"Am J Dermatopathol"},{"issue":"3","key":"9893_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0142(19960801)78:3<427::AID-CNCR8>3.0.CO;2-G","volume":"78","author":"RL Barnhill","year":"1996","unstructured":"Barnhill RL et al (1996) Predicting five-year outcome for patients with cutaneous melanoma in a population-based study. Cancer 78(3):427\u2013432","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"issue":"20","key":"9893_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2135","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa050092","volume":"353","author":"JA Curtin","year":"2005","unstructured":"Curtin JA et al (2005) Distinct sets of genetic alterations in melanoma. New Engl J Med 353(20):2135\u20132147","journal-title":"New Engl J Med"},{"issue":"7457","key":"9893_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1038\/nature12213","volume":"499","author":"MS Lawrence","year":"2013","unstructured":"Lawrence MS et al (2013) Mutational heterogeneity in cancer and the search for new cancer-associated genes. Nature 499(7457):214\u2013218","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"2","key":"9893_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2012.06.024","volume":"150","author":"E Hodis","year":"2012","unstructured":"Hodis E et al (2012) A landscape of driver mutations in melanoma. Cell 150(2):251\u2013263","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"9","key":"9893_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1186\/gm490","volume":"5","author":"RS Harris","year":"2013","unstructured":"Harris RS (2013) Cancer mutation signatures, DNA damage mechanisms, and potential clinical implications. Genome Med 5(9):87","journal-title":"Genome Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"9893_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)48474-8","volume":"267","author":"KC Cheng","year":"1992","unstructured":"Cheng KC et al (1992) 8-Hydroxyguanine, an abundant form of oxidative DNA damage, causes G\u2014T and A\u2014C substitutions. J Biol Chem 267(1):166\u2013172","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"issue":"7","key":"9893_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1681","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2015.05.044","volume":"161","author":"TCGA Network","year":"2015","unstructured":"Network TCGA (2015) Genomic classification of cutaneous melanoma. Cell 161(7):1681\u20131696","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"6892","key":"9893_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"949","DOI":"10.1038\/nature00766","volume":"417","author":"H Davies","year":"2002","unstructured":"Davies H et al (2002) Mutations of the BRAF gene in human cancer. Nature 417(6892):949\u2013954","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"9893_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1210\/rp.56.1.127","volume":"56","author":"J Avruch","year":"2001","unstructured":"Avruch J et al (2001) Ras activation of the Raf kinase: tyrosine kinase recruitment of the MAP kinase cascade. Recent Prog Horm Res 56:127\u2013155","journal-title":"Recent Prog Horm Res"},{"issue":"9","key":"9893_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1006","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.2359","volume":"44","author":"M Krauthammer","year":"2012","unstructured":"Krauthammer M et al (2012) Exome sequencing identifies recurrent somatic RAC1 mutations in melanoma. Nat Genet 44(9):1006\u20131014","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"issue":"2","key":"9893_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.1026","volume":"44","author":"SI Nikolaev","year":"2011","unstructured":"Nikolaev SI et al (2011) Exome sequencing identifies recurrent somatic MAP2K1 and MAP2K2 mutations in melanoma. Nat Genet 44(2):133\u2013139","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"issue":"1","key":"9893_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jid.5700490","volume":"127","author":"J Bauer","year":"2007","unstructured":"Bauer J et al (2007) Congenital melanocytic nevi frequently harbor NRAS mutations but no BRAF mutations. J Invest Dermatol 127(1):179\u2013182","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"9893_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1038\/ng1054","volume":"33","author":"PM Pollock","year":"2003","unstructured":"Pollock PM et al (2003) High frequency of BRAF mutations in nevi. Nat Genet 33(1):19\u201320","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"issue":"4","key":"9893_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccr.2009.02.022","volume":"15","author":"N Dhomen","year":"2009","unstructured":"Dhomen N et al (2009) Oncogenic Braf induces melanocyte senescence and melanoma in mice. Cancer Cell 15(4):294\u2013303","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"},{"issue":"10","key":"9893_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1055","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.187252.112","volume":"26","author":"LC Vredeveld","year":"2012","unstructured":"Vredeveld LC et al (2012) Abrogation of BRAFV600E-induced senescence by PI3K pathway activation contributes to melanomagenesis. Genes Dev 26(10):1055\u20131069","journal-title":"Genes Dev"},{"issue":"20","key":"9893_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3113","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.onc.1206451","volume":"22","author":"H Wu","year":"2003","unstructured":"Wu H, Goel V, Haluska FG (2003) PTEN signaling pathways in melanoma. Oncogene 22(20):3113\u20133122","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"issue":"13","key":"9893_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6546","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-06-0384","volume":"66","author":"A Mirmohammadsadegh","year":"2006","unstructured":"Mirmohammadsadegh A et al (2006) Epigenetic silencing of the PTEN gene in melanoma. Cancer Res 66(13):6546\u20136552","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"issue":"8","key":"9893_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e43369","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0043369","volume":"7","author":"AY Shull","year":"2012","unstructured":"Shull AY et al (2012) Novel somatic mutations to PI3K pathway genes in metastatic melanoma. PLoS ONE 7(8):e43369","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"8","key":"9893_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1265","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjc.6604637","volume":"99","author":"MA Davies","year":"2008","unstructured":"Davies MA et al (2008) A novel AKT3 mutation in melanoma tumours and cell lines. Br J Cancer 99(8):1265\u20131268","journal-title":"Br J Cancer"},{"issue":"3","key":"9893_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"682","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2014.10.027","volume":"37","author":"R Halaban","year":"2015","unstructured":"Halaban R (2015) RAC1 and melanoma. Clin Ther 37(3):682\u2013685","journal-title":"Clin Ther"},{"issue":"5","key":"9893_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"590","DOI":"10.1111\/pcmr.12392","volume":"28","author":"HL Vu","year":"2015","unstructured":"Vu HL et al (2015) RAC1 P29S regulates PD-L1 expression in melanoma. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 28(5):590\u2013598","journal-title":"Pigment Cell Melanoma Res"},{"issue":"7399","key":"9893_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11071","volume":"485","author":"MF Berger","year":"2012","unstructured":"Berger MF et al (2012) Melanoma genome sequencing reveals frequent PREX2 mutations. Nature 485(7399):502\u2013506","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"1","key":"9893_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1755-148X.2007.00433.x","volume":"21","author":"DC Bennett","year":"2008","unstructured":"Bennett DC (2008) How to make a melanoma: what do we know of the primary clonal events? Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 21(1):27\u201338","journal-title":"Pigment Cell Melanoma Res"},{"issue":"7","key":"9893_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1701","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.1892","volume":"5","author":"E Shtivelman","year":"2014","unstructured":"Shtivelman E et al (2014) Pathways and therapeutic targets in melanoma. Oncotarget 5(7):1701\u20131752","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"issue":"S11","key":"9893_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2104","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.30593","volume":"123","author":"BY Reddy","year":"2017","unstructured":"Reddy BY, Miller DM, Tsao H (2017) Somatic driver mutations in melanoma. Cancer 123(S11):2104\u20132117","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"issue":"6122","key":"9893_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"957","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1229259","volume":"339","author":"FW Huang","year":"2013","unstructured":"Huang FW et al (2013) Highly recurrent TERT promoter mutations in human melanoma. Science 339(6122):957\u2013959","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"6122","key":"9893_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"959","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1230062","volume":"339","author":"S Horn","year":"2013","unstructured":"Horn S et al (2013) TERT promoter mutations in familial and sporadic melanoma. Science 339(6122):959\u2013961","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"6238","key":"9893_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1036","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aab0015","volume":"348","author":"RJ Bell","year":"2015","unstructured":"Bell RJ et al (2015) Cancer. The transcription factor GABP selectively binds and activates the mutant TERT promoter in cancer. Science 348(6238):1036\u20131039","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"7047","key":"9893_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1038\/nature03664","volume":"436","author":"LA Garraway","year":"2005","unstructured":"Garraway LA et al (2005) Integrative genomic analyses identify MITF as a lineage survival oncogene amplified in malignant melanoma. Nature 436(7047):117\u2013122","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"7","key":"9893_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1249","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-014-1791-0","volume":"72","author":"ML Hartman","year":"2015","unstructured":"Hartman ML, Czyz M (2015) MITF in melanoma: mechanisms behind its expression and activity. Cell Mol Life Sci 72(7):1249\u20131260","journal-title":"Cell Mol Life Sci"},{"issue":"16","key":"9893_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2149","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.1437206","volume":"20","author":"L Chin","year":"2006","unstructured":"Chin L, Garraway LA, Fisher DE (2006) Malignant melanoma: genetics and therapeutics in the genomic era. Genes Dev 20(16):2149\u20132182","journal-title":"Genes Dev"},{"issue":"9","key":"9893_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2390","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2014.190","volume":"134","author":"TD Prickett","year":"2014","unstructured":"Prickett TD et al (2014) Somatic mutation of GRIN2A in malignant melanoma results in loss of tumor suppressor activity via aberrant NMDAR complex formation. J Invest Dermatol 134(9):2390\u20132398","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"issue":"11","key":"9893_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1119","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.950","volume":"43","author":"TD Prickett","year":"2011","unstructured":"Prickett TD et al (2011) Exon capture analysis of G protein-coupled receptors identifies activating mutations in GRM3 in melanoma. Nat Genet 43(11):1119\u20131126","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"issue":"1","key":"9893_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1111\/pcmr.12610","volume":"31","author":"A Neto","year":"2018","unstructured":"Neto A, Ceol CJ (2018) Melanoma-associated GRM3 variants dysregulate melanosome trafficking and cAMP signaling. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 31(1):115\u2013119","journal-title":"Pigment Cell Melanoma Res"},{"issue":"8","key":"9893_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1239","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.2863","volume":"18","author":"A Gembarska","year":"2012","unstructured":"Gembarska A et al (2012) MDM4 is a key therapeutic target in cutaneous melanoma. Nat Med 18(8):1239\u20131247","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"9893_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1386","DOI":"10.4161\/cc.6.11.4276","volume":"6","author":"B Stefansson","year":"2007","unstructured":"Stefansson B, Brautigan DL (2007) Protein phosphatase PP6 N terminal domain restricts G1 to S phase progression in human cancer cells. Cell Cycle 6(11):1386\u20131392","journal-title":"Cell Cycle"},{"key":"9893_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25996","DOI":"10.1038\/srep25996","volume":"6","author":"YA Valentin-Vega","year":"2016","unstructured":"Valentin-Vega YA et al (2016) Cancer-associated DDX3X mutations drive stress granule assembly and impair global translation. Sci Rep 6:25996","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"10","key":"9893_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2912","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.2048","volume":"5","author":"K Dutton-Regester","year":"2014","unstructured":"Dutton-Regester K et al (2014) A highly recurrent RPS27 5\u2032UTR mutation in melanoma. Oncotarget 5(10):2912\u20132917","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"issue":"10","key":"9893_CR45","first-page":"2170","volume":"58","author":"BC Bastian","year":"1998","unstructured":"Bastian BC et al (1998) Chromosomal gains and losses in primary cutaneous melanomas detected by comparative genomic hybridization. Cancer Res 58(10):2170\u20132175","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"9893_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"360136","DOI":"10.1155\/2010\/360136","volume":"2010","author":"T van den Bosch","year":"2010","unstructured":"van den Bosch T et al. (2010) Genetics of uveal melanoma and cutaneous melanoma: two of a kind? Dermatol Res Pract 2010:360136","journal-title":"Dermatol Res Pract"},{"issue":"4","key":"9893_CR47","first-page":"209","volume":"40","author":"AWM James","year":"2014","unstructured":"James AWM et al (2014) Cytogenetics of melanoma: a review. J Assoc Genet Technol 40(4):209\u2013218","journal-title":"J Assoc Genet Technol"},{"issue":"7653","key":"9893_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1038\/nature22071","volume":"545","author":"NK Hayward","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hayward NK et al (2017) Whole-genome landscapes of major melanoma subtypes. Nature 545(7653):175\u2013180","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"7","key":"9893_CR49","first-page":"1968","volume":"60","author":"BC Bastian","year":"2000","unstructured":"Bastian BC et al (2000) Gene amplifications characterize acral melanoma and permit the detection of occult tumor cells in the surrounding skin. Cancer Res 60(7):1968\u20131973","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"9893_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"835","DOI":"10.1111\/pcmr.12279","volume":"27","author":"SJ Furney","year":"2014","unstructured":"Furney SJ et al (2014) The mutational burden of acral melanoma revealed by whole-genome sequencing and comparative analysis. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 27(5):835\u2013838","journal-title":"Pigment Cell Melanoma Res"},{"issue":"22","key":"9893_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6946","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-17-0070","volume":"23","author":"Y Kong","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kong Y et al (2017) Frequent genetic aberrations in the CDK4 pathway in acral melanoma indicate the potential for CDK4\/6 inhibitors in targeted therapy. Clin Cancer Res 23(22):6946\u20136957","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"issue":"26","key":"9893_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4340","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2006.06.2984","volume":"24","author":"JA Curtin","year":"2006","unstructured":"Curtin JA et al (2006) Somatic activation of KIT in distinct subtypes of melanoma. J Clin Oncol 24(26):4340\u20134346","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"5","key":"9893_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2010.04.032","volume":"80","author":"SE Woodman","year":"2010","unstructured":"Woodman SE, Davies MA (2010) Targeting KIT in melanoma: a paradigm of molecular medicine and targeted therapeutics. Biochem Pharmacol 80(5):568\u2013574","journal-title":"Biochem Pharmacol"},{"issue":"1","key":"9893_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1097\/CMR.0000000000000116","volume":"25","author":"N Dumaz","year":"2015","unstructured":"Dumaz N et al (2015) Driver KIT mutations in melanoma cluster in four hotspots. Melanoma Res 25(1):88\u201390","journal-title":"Melanoma Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"9893_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.2169\/internalmedicine.40.301","volume":"40","author":"R Fukuda","year":"2001","unstructured":"Fukuda R et al (2001) Gastrointestinal stromal tumor with a novel mutation of KIT proto-oncogene. Intern Med 40(4):301\u2013303","journal-title":"Intern Med"},{"issue":"24","key":"9893_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6935","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-13-1266","volume":"19","author":"J Dai","year":"2013","unstructured":"Dai J et al (2013) Large-scale analysis of PDGFRA mutations in melanomas and evaluation of their sensitivity to tyrosine kinase inhibitors imatinib and crenolanib. Clin Cancer Res 19(24):6935\u20136942","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"9893_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drup.2005.03.004","volume":"8","author":"R Board","year":"2005","unstructured":"Board R, Jayson GC (2005) Platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR): a target for anticancer therapeutics. Drug Resist Update 8(1\u20132):75\u201383","journal-title":"Drug Resist Update"},{"issue":"2","key":"9893_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1087-0024.2005.200407.x","volume":"10","author":"NK Haass","year":"2005","unstructured":"Haass NK, Herlyn M (2005) Normal human melanocyte homeostasis as a paradigm for understanding melanoma. J Investig Dermatol Symp Proc 10(2):153\u2013163","journal-title":"J Investig Dermatol Symp Proc"},{"key":"9893_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2017.11.011","volume":"89","author":"J Yan","year":"2018","unstructured":"Yan J et al (2018) Analysis of NRAS gain in 657 patients with melanoma and evaluation of its sensitivity to a MEK inhibitor. Eur J Cancer 89:90\u2013101","journal-title":"Eur J Cancer"},{"issue":"2","key":"9893_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.125591.111","volume":"22","author":"S Turajlic","year":"2012","unstructured":"Turajlic S et al (2012) Whole genome sequencing of matched primary and metastatic acral melanomas. Genome Res 22(2):196\u2013207","journal-title":"Genome Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"9893_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmoldx.2013.10.009","volume":"16","author":"A Diaz","year":"2014","unstructured":"Diaz A et al (2014) TERT and AURKA gene copy number gains enhance the detection of acral lentiginous melanomas by fluorescence in situ hybridization. J Mol Diagn 16(2):198\u2013206","journal-title":"J Mol Diagn"},{"issue":"6","key":"9893_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1111\/cup.12323","volume":"41","author":"JY Liau","year":"2014","unstructured":"Liau JY et al (2014) TERT promoter mutation is uncommon in acral lentiginous melanoma. J Cutan Pathol 41(6):504\u2013508","journal-title":"J Cutan Pathol"},{"issue":"7","key":"9893_CR63","first-page":"1230","volume":"6","author":"P Jovanovic","year":"2013","unstructured":"Jovanovic P et al (2013) Ocular melanoma: an overview of the current status. Int J Clin Exp Pathol 6(7):1230\u20131244","journal-title":"Int J Clin Exp Pathol"},{"key":"9893_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.2147\/TACG.S69210","volume":"9","author":"H Helgadottir","year":"2016","unstructured":"Helgadottir H, Hoiom V (2016) The genetics of uveal melanoma: current insights. Appl Clin Genet 9:147\u2013155","journal-title":"Appl Clin Genet"},{"issue":"12","key":"9893_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3143","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-13-0163","volume":"19","author":"KG Griewank","year":"2013","unstructured":"Griewank KG et al (2013) Conjunctival melanomas harbor BRAF and NRAS mutations and copy number changes similar to cutaneous and mucosal melanomas. Clin Cancer Res 19(12):3143\u20133152","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"9893_CR66","first-page":"28","volume":"5","author":"U Testa","year":"2017","unstructured":"Testa U, Castelli G, Pelosi E (2017) Melanoma: genetic abnormalities, tumor progression, clonal evolution and tumor initiating cells. Med Sci 5(4):28","journal-title":"Med Sci"},{"issue":"7229","key":"9893_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1038\/nature07586","volume":"457","author":"CD Van Raamsdonk","year":"2009","unstructured":"Van Raamsdonk CD et al (2009) Frequent somatic mutations of GNAQ in uveal melanoma and blue naevi. Nature 457(7229):599\u2013602","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"23","key":"9893_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2191","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1000584","volume":"363","author":"CD Van Raamsdonk","year":"2010","unstructured":"Van Raamsdonk CD et al (2010) Mutations in GNA11 in uveal melanoma. New Engl J Med 363(23):2191\u20132199","journal-title":"New Engl J Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"9893_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"831","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccr.2014.04.016","volume":"25","author":"X Feng","year":"2014","unstructured":"Feng X et al (2014) Hippo-independent activation of YAP by the GNAQ uveal melanoma oncogene through a trio-regulated rho GTPase signaling circuitry. Cancer Cell 25(6):831\u2013845","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"},{"issue":"6","key":"9893_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.3549","volume":"48","author":"AR Moore","year":"2016","unstructured":"Moore AR et al (2016) Recurrent activating mutations of G-protein-coupled receptor CYSLTR2 in uveal melanoma. Nat Genet 48(6):675\u2013680","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"issue":"2","key":"9893_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(25)24426-3","volume":"244","author":"S Mong","year":"1988","unstructured":"Mong S et al (1988) Leukotriene D4 receptor-mediated hydrolysis of phosphoinositide and mobilization of calcium in sheep tracheal smooth muscle cells. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 244(2):508\u2013515","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"issue":"4","key":"9893_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4624","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.6614","volume":"7","author":"P Johansson","year":"2016","unstructured":"Johansson P et al (2016) Deep sequencing of uveal melanoma identifies a recurrent mutation in PLCB4. Oncotarget 7(4):4624\u20134631","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"issue":"6009","key":"9893_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1410","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1194472","volume":"330","author":"JW Harbour","year":"2010","unstructured":"Harbour JW et al (2010) Frequent mutation of BAP1 in metastasizing uveal melanomas. Science 330(6009):1410\u20131413","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"6","key":"9893_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0178189","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0178189","volume":"12","author":"CP Johnson","year":"2017","unstructured":"Johnson CP et al (2017) Systematic genomic and translational efficiency studies of uveal melanoma. PLoS ONE 12(6):e0178189","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"16","key":"9893_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4282","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-13-3109","volume":"74","author":"IH Ismail","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ismail IH et al (2014) Germline mutations in BAP1 impair its function in DNA double-strand break repair. Cancer Res 74(16):4282\u20134294","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"9893_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2407-13-371","volume":"13","author":"KA Matatall","year":"2013","unstructured":"Matatall KA et al (2013) BAP1 deficiency causes loss of melanocytic cell identity in uveal melanoma. BMC Cancer 13:371","journal-title":"BMC Cancer"},{"issue":"16","key":"9893_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4388","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-14-1328","volume":"74","author":"J Xu","year":"2014","unstructured":"Xu J et al (2014) Germline mutation of Bap1 accelerates development of asbestos-induced malignant mesothelioma. Cancer Res 74(16):4388\u20134397","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"issue":"8","key":"9893_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"933","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.2674","volume":"45","author":"M Martin","year":"2013","unstructured":"Martin M et al (2013) Exome sequencing identifies recurrent somatic mutations in EIF1AX and SF3B1 in uveal melanoma with disomy 3. Nat Genet 45(8):933\u2013936","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"issue":"6","key":"9893_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2668","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.11-8697","volume":"53","author":"T van den Bosch","year":"2012","unstructured":"van den Bosch T et al (2012) Higher percentage of FISH-determined monosomy 3 and 8q amplification in uveal melanoma cells relate to poor patient prognosis. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 53(6):2668\u20132674","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"9893_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2004.12.033","volume":"230","author":"FA de Snoo","year":"2005","unstructured":"de Snoo FA, Hayward NK (2005) Cutaneous melanoma susceptibility and progression genes. Cancer Lett 230(2):153\u2013186","journal-title":"Cancer Lett"},{"issue":"1","key":"9893_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1038\/ng0994-15","volume":"8","author":"CJ Hussussian","year":"1994","unstructured":"Hussussian CJ et al (1994) Germline p16 mutations in familial melanoma. Nat Genet 8(1):15\u201321","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"issue":"1","key":"9893_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1038\/ng0196-97","volume":"12","author":"L Zuo","year":"1996","unstructured":"Zuo L et al (1996) Germline mutations in the p16INK4a binding domain of CDK4 in familial melanoma. Nat Genet 12(1):97\u201399","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"issue":"5","key":"9893_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djh058","volume":"96","author":"O Fletcher","year":"2004","unstructured":"Fletcher O et al (2004) Lifetime risks of common cancers among retinoblastoma survivors. J Natl Cancer Inst 96(5):357\u2013363","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst"},{"issue":"10","key":"9893_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1018","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.910","volume":"43","author":"T Wiesner","year":"2011","unstructured":"Wiesner T et al (2011) Germline mutations in BAP1 predispose to melanocytic tumors. Nat Genet 43(10):1018\u20131021","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"issue":"43","key":"9893_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"74936","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.20465","volume":"8","author":"M Lin","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lin M et al (2017) Common, germline genetic variations in the novel tumor suppressor BAP1 and risk of developing different types of cancer. Oncotarget 8(43):74936\u201374946","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"issue":"2","key":"9893_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1111\/pcmr.12333","volume":"28","author":"LG Aoude","year":"2015","unstructured":"Aoude LG et al (2015) Genetics of familial melanoma: 20 years after CDKN2A. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 28(2):148\u2013160","journal-title":"Pigment Cell Melanoma Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"9893_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1755-148X.2009.00578.x","volume":"22","author":"JC Cronin","year":"2009","unstructured":"Cronin JC et al (2009) Frequent mutations in the MITF pathway in melanoma. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 22(4):435\u2013444","journal-title":"Pigment Cell Melanoma Res"},{"issue":"7375","key":"9893_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1038\/nature10539","volume":"480","author":"C Bertolotto","year":"2011","unstructured":"Bertolotto C et al (2011) A SUMOylation-defective MITF germline mutation predisposes to melanoma and renal carcinoma. Nature 480(7375):94\u201398","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"7375","key":"9893_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1038\/nature10630","volume":"480","author":"S Yokoyama","year":"2011","unstructured":"Yokoyama S et al (2011) A novel recurrent mutation in MITF predisposes to familial and sporadic melanoma. Nature 480(7375):99\u2013103","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"3","key":"9893_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"827","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.142.3.827","volume":"142","author":"C Bertolotto","year":"1998","unstructured":"Bertolotto C et al (1998) Microphthalmia gene product as a signal transducer in cAMP-induced differentiation of melanocytes. J Cell Biol 142(3):827\u2013835","journal-title":"J Cell Biol"},{"issue":"4","key":"9893_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2013.08.010","volume":"51","author":"J Cao","year":"2013","unstructured":"Cao J et al (2013) MC1R is a potent regulator of PTEN after UV exposure in melanocytes. Mol Cell 51(4):409\u2013422","journal-title":"Mol Cell"},{"issue":"4","key":"9893_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1097\/00008390-200308000-00011","volume":"13","author":"C Vajdic","year":"2003","unstructured":"Vajdic C et al (2003) Ocular melanoma is not associated with CDKN2A or MC1R variants\u2013a population-based study. Melanoma Res 13(4):409\u2013413","journal-title":"Melanoma Res"},{"key":"9893_CR93","first-page":"453","volume":"3","author":"IJ Fidler","year":"2011","unstructured":"Fidler IJ (2011) The pathogenesis of cancer metastasis: the \u2018seed and soil\u2019. hypothesis revisited. Int J Cancer 3:453","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"issue":"3","key":"9893_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.2328","volume":"17","author":"M Bissell","year":"2011","unstructured":"Bissell M (2011) Why don\u2019t we get more cancer? A proposed role of the microenvironment in restraining cancer progression. Nat Med 17(3):320","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"9893_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1038\/ng0103-10","volume":"33","author":"LA Liotta","year":"2003","unstructured":"Liotta LA (2003) Cancer\u2019s deadly signature. Nat Genet 33:10","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"9893_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1529","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0142(19971015)80:8+<1529::AID-CNCR2>3.0.CO;2-F","volume":"80","author":"EC Woodhouse","year":"1997","unstructured":"Woodhouse EC (1997) General mechanisms of metastasis. Cancer 80:1529","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"issue":"5","key":"9893_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e10770","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0010770","volume":"5","author":"O Kabbarah","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kabbarah O et al (2010) Integrative genome comparison of primary and metastatic melanomas. PLoS ONE 5(5):e10770","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"4","key":"9893_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"746","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.1993.422","volume":"68","author":"PG Natali","year":"1993","unstructured":"Natali PG et al (1993) Expression of the c-Met\/HGF receptor in human melanocytic neoplasms: demonstration of the relationship to malignant melanoma tumour progression. Br J Cancer 68(4):746\u2013750","journal-title":"Br J Cancer"},{"issue":"3","key":"9893_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1098-2264(199907)25:3<205::AID-GCC2>3.0.CO;2-B","volume":"25","author":"H Schmidt","year":"1999","unstructured":"Schmidt H et al (1999) Genomic imbalances of 7p and 17q in malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors are clinically relevant. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 25(3):205\u2013211","journal-title":"Genes Chromosomes Cancer"},{"issue":"1","key":"9893_CR100","first-page":"83","volume":"8","author":"T Ubagai","year":"2001","unstructured":"Ubagai T et al (2001) Comparative genomic hybridization analysis suggests a gain of chromosome 7p associated with lymph node metastasis in non-small cell lung cancer. Oncol Rep 8(1):83\u201388","journal-title":"Oncol Rep"},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"9893_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1007\/s10555-012-9362-z","volume":"31","author":"J Yan","year":"2012","unstructured":"Yan J, Huang Q (2012) Genomics screens for metastasis genes. Cancer Metastasis Rev 31(3\u20134):419\u2013428","journal-title":"Cancer Metastasis Rev"},{"issue":"7","key":"9893_CR102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1269","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2006.06.008","volume":"125","author":"M Kim","year":"2006","unstructured":"Kim M et al (2006) Comparative oncogenomics identifies NEDD9 as a melanoma metastasis gene. Cell 125(7):1269\u20131281","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"6","key":"9893_CR103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1007\/s10585-010-9307-2","volume":"27","author":"J Timar","year":"2010","unstructured":"Timar J, Gyorffy B, Raso E (2010) Gene signature of the metastatic potential of cutaneous melanoma: too much for too little? Clin Exp Metastasis 27(6):371\u2013387","journal-title":"Clin Exp Metastasis"},{"issue":"8","key":"9893_CR104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1729","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.22928","volume":"121","author":"Z Rakosy","year":"2007","unstructured":"Rakosy Z et al (2007) EGFR gene copy number alterations in primary cutaneous malignant melanomas are associated with poor prognosis. Int J Cancer 121(8):1729\u20131737","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"issue":"3","key":"9893_CR105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.neo.7900156","volume":"3","author":"M Udart","year":"2001","unstructured":"Udart M et al (2001) Chromosome 7 aneusomy. A marker for metastatic melanoma? Expression of the epidermal growth factor receptor gene and chromosome 7 aneusomy in nevi, primary malignant melanomas and metastases. Neoplasia 3(3):245\u2013254","journal-title":"Neoplasia"},{"issue":"11","key":"9893_CR106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e111153","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0111153","volume":"9","author":"L Ding","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ding L et al (2014) Clonal architectures and driver mutations in metastatic melanomas. PLoS ONE 9(11):e111153","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"9893_CR107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2164-13-505","volume":"13","author":"JJ Gartner","year":"2012","unstructured":"Gartner JJ et al (2012) Comparative exome sequencing of metastatic lesions provides insights into the mutational progression of melanoma. BMC Genom 13:505","journal-title":"BMC Genom"},{"issue":"20","key":"9893_CR108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2522","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2011.41.2452","volume":"30","author":"M Colombino","year":"2012","unstructured":"Colombino M et al (2012) BRAF\/NRAS mutation frequencies among primary tumors and metastases in patients with melanoma. J Clin Oncol 30(20):2522\u20132529","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"16","key":"9893_CR109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4014","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.26724","volume":"118","author":"JA Jakob","year":"2012","unstructured":"Jakob JA et al (2012) NRAS mutation status is an independent prognostic factor in metastatic melanoma. Cancer 118(16):4014\u20134023","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"issue":"37","key":"9893_CR110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34631","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M104847200","volume":"276","author":"M Kotani","year":"2001","unstructured":"Kotani M et al (2001) The metastasis suppressor gene KiSS-1 encodes kisspeptins, the natural ligands of the orphan G protein-coupled receptor GPR54. J Biol Chem 276(37):34631\u201334636","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"issue":"8","key":"9893_CR111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1596","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2012.02.017","volume":"119","author":"MD Onken","year":"2012","unstructured":"Onken MD et al (2012) Collaborative Ocular Oncology Group report number 1: prospective validation of a multi-gene prognostic assay in uveal melanoma. Ophthalmology 119(8):1596\u20131603","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"1","key":"9893_CR112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-017-02428-w","volume":"9","author":"MG Field","year":"2018","unstructured":"Field MG et al (2018) Punctuated evolution of canonical genomic aberrations in uveal melanoma. Nat Commun 9(1):116","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"4","key":"9893_CR113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"951","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-06-2630","volume":"14","author":"S Bakalian","year":"2008","unstructured":"Bakalian S et al (2008) Molecular pathways mediating liver metastasis in patients with uveal melanoma. Clin Cancer Res 14(4):951\u2013956","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"9893_CR114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccr.2008.03.007","volume":"13","author":"M Hu","year":"2008","unstructured":"Hu M (2008) Regulation of in situ to invasive breast carcinoma transition. Cancer Cell 13(5):394","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"},{"key":"9893_CR115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1287","DOI":"10.1038\/ncb1973","volume":"11","author":"S Giampieri","year":"2009","unstructured":"Giampieri S (2009) Localized and reversible TGF\u03b2 signaling switches breast cancer cells from cohesive to single cell motility. Nat Cell Biol 11:1287","journal-title":"Nat Cell Biol"},{"issue":"1","key":"9893_CR116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2008.01.046","volume":"133","author":"D Padua","year":"2008","unstructured":"Padua D (2008) TGF-beta primes breast tumors for lung metastasis seeding through angiopoietin-like 4. Cell 133(1):66","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"9893_CR117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"584","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc867","volume":"2","author":"GR Mundy","year":"2002","unstructured":"Mundy GR (2002) Metastasis to bone: causes, consequences and therapeutic opportunities. Nat Rev Cancer 2:584","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cancer"},{"issue":"1","key":"9893_CR118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc1528","volume":"5","author":"CJ Logothetis","year":"2005","unstructured":"Logothetis CJ (2005) Osteoblasts in prostate cancer metastasis to bone. Nat Rev Cancer 5(1):21","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cancer"},{"key":"9893_CR119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1016\/S1535-6108(03)00132-6","volume":"3","author":"Y Kang","year":"2003","unstructured":"Kang Y (2003) A multigenic program mediating breast cancer metastasis to bone. Cancer Cell 3:537","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"},{"issue":"2","key":"9893_CR120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccr.2010.12.022","volume":"19","author":"N Sethi","year":"2011","unstructured":"Sethi N (2011) Tumor-derived jagged1 promotes osteolytic bone metastasis of breast cancer by engaging notch signaling in bone cells. Cancer Cell 19(2):192","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"},{"issue":"39","key":"9893_CR121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13909","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0506517102","volume":"102","author":"Y Kang","year":"2005","unstructured":"Kang Y (2005) Breast cancer bone metastasis mediated by the Smad tumor suppressor pathway. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 102(39):13909","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"9893_CR122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI3523","volume":"103","author":"JJ Yin","year":"1999","unstructured":"Yin JJ (1999) TGF-beta signaling blockade inhibits PTHrP secretion by breast cancer cells and bone metastases development. J Clin Invest 103:197","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"9893_CR123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.1038\/nature03799","volume":"436","author":"AJ Minn","year":"2005","unstructured":"Minn AJ (2005) Genes that mediate breast cancer metastasis to lung. Nature 436: 518","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"4","key":"9893_CR124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2006.11.001","volume":"127","author":"GP Gupta","year":"2006","unstructured":"Gupta GP (2006) Cancer metastasis: building a framework. Cell 127(4):679","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"9893_CR125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccr.2004.08.012","volume":"6","author":"JL Luo","year":"2004","unstructured":"Luo JL (2004) Inhibition of NF-kappaB in cancer cells converts inflammation-induced tumor growth mediated by TNFalpha to TRAIL-mediated tumor regression. Cancer Cell 6:297","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"},{"issue":"14","key":"9893_CR126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8430","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0932636100","volume":"100","author":"PM Siegel","year":"2003","unstructured":"Siegel PM (2003) Transforming growth factor beta signaling impairs Neu-induced mammary tumorigenesis while promoting pulmonary metastasis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 100(14):8430","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"issue":"21","key":"9893_CR127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7335","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-04-0183","volume":"10","author":"B Davidson","year":"2004","unstructured":"Davidson B (2004) Altered expression of metastasis-associated and regulatory molecules in effusions from breast cancer patients: a novel model for tumour progression. Clin Cancer Res 10(21):7335","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"issue":"7","key":"9893_CR128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1624","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.21778","volume":"106","author":"KR Hess","year":"2006","unstructured":"Hess KR (2006) Metastatic patterns in adenocarcinoma. Cancer 106(7):1624","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"9893_CR129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1318","DOI":"10.1038\/onc.2010.518","volume":"32","author":"S Tabari\u00e8s","year":"2011","unstructured":"Tabari\u00e8s S (2011) Claudin-2 is selectively enriched in and promotes the formation of breast cancer liver metastases through engagement of integrin complexes. Oncogene 32:1318","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"9893_CR130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2407-6-112","volume":"6","author":"E Winquist","year":"2006","unstructured":"Winquist E (2006) Non-hormonal systemic therapy in men with hormone-refractory prostate cancer and metastases: a systematic review from the Cancer Care Ontario Program in Evidence-based Care\u2019s Genitourinary Cancer Disease Site Group. BMC Cancer 6:112","journal-title":"BMC Cancer"},{"issue":"5","key":"9893_CR131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"578","DOI":"10.1053\/hp.2000.6698","volume":"31","author":"L Bubendorf","year":"2000","unstructured":"Bubendorf L (2000) Metastatic patterns of prostate cancer: an autopsy study of 1589 patients. Hum Pathol 31(5):578","journal-title":"Hum Pathol"},{"key":"9893_CR132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.2119\/molmed.2011.00115","volume":"17","author":"M Mimeault","year":"2011","unstructured":"Mimeault M (2011) Frequent gene products and molecular pathways altered in prostate cancer- and metastasis-initiating cells and their progenies and novel promising multitargeted therapies. Mol Med 17:9","journal-title":"Mol Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"9893_CR133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/bgi229","volume":"27","author":"M Mimeault","year":"2006","unstructured":"Mimeault M (2006) Functions of normal and malignant prostatic stem\/progenitor cells in tissue regeneration and cancer progression and novel targeting therapies. Carcinogenesis 27(1):1","journal-title":"Carcinogenesis"},{"issue":"2","key":"9893_CR134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2007-0040","volume":"29","author":"M Mimeault","year":"2008","unstructured":"Mimeault M (2008) Prospective identification of tumorigenic prostate cancer stem cells. Endocr Rev 29(2):234","journal-title":"Endocr Rev"},{"key":"9893_CR135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1038\/nature01660","volume":"423","author":"S Harada","year":"2003","unstructured":"Harada S (2003) Control of osteoblast function and regulation of bone mass. Nature 423:349","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"2","key":"9893_CR136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E172","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1521674112","volume":"113","author":"C Faltermeier","year":"2016","unstructured":"Faltermeier C (2016) Functional screen identifies kinases driving prostate cancer visceral and bone metastasis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 113(2):E172","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"issue":"1","key":"9893_CR137","first-page":"5","volume":"65","author":"RL Siegel","year":"2015","unstructured":"Siegel RL (2015) Cancer statistics. CA: Cancer J Clin 65(1):5","journal-title":"CA: Cancer J Clin"},{"key":"9893_CR138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc2622","volume":"9","author":"DX Nguyen","year":"2009","unstructured":"Nguyen DX (2009) Metastasis: from dissemination to organ-specific colonization. Nat Rev Cancer 9:274","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cancer"},{"key":"9893_CR139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1007\/s10555-016-9618-0","volume":"35","author":"HH Popper","year":"2016","unstructured":"Popper HH (2016) Progression and metastasis of lung cancer. Caner Metastasis Rev 35:75","journal-title":"Caner Metastasis Rev"},{"issue":"7","key":"9893_CR140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"927","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2004.06.006","volume":"117","author":"J Yang","year":"2004","unstructured":"Yang J (2004) Twist, a master regulator of morphogenesis, plays an essential role in tumor metastasis. Cell 117(7):927","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"4","key":"9893_CR141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e61212","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0061212","volume":"8","author":"L Xie","year":"2013","unstructured":"Xie L (2013) Genome-wide identification of bone metastasis-related microRNAs in lung adenocarcinoma by high-throughput sequencing. PLoS ONE 8(4):e61212","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"20","key":"9893_CR142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2099","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.304162.117","volume":"31","author":"S Rao","year":"2017","unstructured":"Rao S (2017) RANK requires energy homoeostasis in lung cancer cells and drives primary lung cancer. Genes 31(20):2099","journal-title":"Genes"},{"issue":"7","key":"9893_CR143","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2275","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-07-6493","volume":"68","author":"S Vicent","year":"2008","unstructured":"Vicent S (2008) A novel lung cancer signature mediates metastatic bone colonization by a dual mechanism. Can Res 68(7):2275","journal-title":"Can Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"9893_CR144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2013.10.004","volume":"83","author":"M Preusser","year":"2014","unstructured":"Preusser M (2014) High rate of FGFR1 amplifications in brain metastases of squamous and non-squamous lung cancer. Lung Cancer 83(1):83","journal-title":"Lung Cancer"},{"issue":"12","key":"9893_CR145","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1477","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.21022","volume":"58","author":"T Pukrop","year":"2010","unstructured":"Pukrop T (2010) Microglia promote colonization of brain tissue by breast cancer cells in a Wnt-dependent way. Glia 58(12):1477","journal-title":"Glia"},{"issue":"12","key":"9893_CR146","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e80933","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0080933","volume":"8","author":"L Wang","year":"2013","unstructured":"Wang L (2013) Astrocytes directly influence tumor cell invasion and metastasis in vivo. PLoS ONE 8(12):e80933","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"9893_CR147","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38658","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.6130","volume":"6","author":"M Qiu","year":"2015","unstructured":"Qiu M et al. (2015) Pattern of distant metastases in colorectal cancer: a SEER based study. Oncotarget 6:38658\u201338666","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"issue":"8","key":"9893_CR148","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1245\/ASO.2005.06.012","volume":"12","author":"AD Cook","year":"2005","unstructured":"Cook AD (2005) Surgical resection of primary tumors in patients who present with stage IV colorectal cancer: an analysis of surveillance, epidemiology, and end results data, 1988 to 2000. Ann Sure Oncol 12(8):637","journal-title":"Ann Sure Oncol"},{"issue":"1","key":"9893_CR149","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2011.03.046","volume":"179","author":"L Sun","year":"2011","unstructured":"Sun L (2011) P-cadherin promotes liver metastasis and is associated with poor prognosis in colon cancer. Am J Pathol 179(1):380","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"issue":"6","key":"9893_CR150","first-page":"A4444","volume":"59","author":"IO Hansen","year":"2012","unstructured":"Hansen IO (2012) Possible better long-term survival in left versus right-sided colon cancer: a systematic review. Dan Med J 59(6):A4444","journal-title":"Dan Med J"},{"issue":"1","key":"9893_CR151","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1007\/DCR.0b013e3181c703a4","volume":"53","author":"F Benedix","year":"2010","unstructured":"Benedix F (2010) Comparison of 17,641 patients with right- and left-sided colon cancer: differences in epidemiology, perioperative course, histology, and survival. Dis Colon Rectum 53(1):57","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"issue":"5","key":"9893_CR152","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1324","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19940301)73:5<1324::AID-CNCR2820730503>3.0.CO;2-W","volume":"73","author":"H Iino","year":"1994","unstructured":"Iino H (1994) Molecular genetics for clinical management of colorectal carcinoma. 17p, 18q, and 22q loss of heterozygosity and decreased DCC expression are correlated with the metastatic potential. Cancer 73(5):1324","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"issue":"3","key":"9893_CR153","first-page":"382","volume":"53","author":"K Ookawa","year":"1993","unstructured":"Ookawa K (1993) Concordant p53 and DCC alterations and allelic losses on chromosomes 13q and 14q associated with liver metastases of colorectal carcinoma. Cancer 53(3):382","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"issue":"9","key":"9893_CR154","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1016\/0168-9525(93)90250-L","volume":"9","author":"R Kemler","year":"1993","unstructured":"Kemler R (1993) From cadherins to catenins: cytoplasmic protein interactions and regulation of cell adhesion. Trends Genet 9(9):317","journal-title":"Trends Genet"},{"issue":"10","key":"9893_CR155","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5487","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-06-0100","volume":"66","author":"M Dolled-Filhart","year":"2006","unstructured":"Dolled-Filhart M (2006) Quantitative in situ analysis of \u03b2-catenin expression in breast cancer shows decreased expression is associated with poor outcome. Can Res 66(10):5487","journal-title":"Can Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"9893_CR156","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1007\/s10585-011-9427-3","volume":"29","author":"Y Chao","year":"2014","unstructured":"Chao Y (2014) Hepatocyte induced re-expression of E-cadherin in breast and prostate cancer cells increases chemoresistance. Clin Exp Metastasis 29(1):39","journal-title":"Clin Exp Metastasis"},{"issue":"19","key":"9893_CR157","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4235","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-15-0964","volume":"75","author":"GN Adams","year":"2015","unstructured":"Adams GN (2015) Colon cancer growth and dissemination relies upon thrombin, stromal PAR-1, and fibrinogen. Can Res 75(19):4235","journal-title":"Can Res"},{"issue":"6282","key":"9893_CR158","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aaf2784","volume":"352","author":"S Turajlic","year":"2016","unstructured":"Turajlic S, Swanton C (2016) Metastasis as an evolutionary process. Science 352(6282):169\u2013175","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"3","key":"9893_CR159","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm2858","volume":"11","author":"S Negrini","year":"2010","unstructured":"Negrini S, Gorgoulis VG, Halazonetis TD (2010) Genomic instability: an evolving hallmark of cancer. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 11(3):220\u2013228","journal-title":"Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol"},{"issue":"8","key":"9893_CR160","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.1186\/s13059-014-0454-7","volume":"15","author":"AR Brannon","year":"2014","unstructured":"Brannon AR et al (2014) Comparative sequencing analysis reveals high genomic concordance between matched primary and metastatic colorectal cancer lesions. Genome Biol 15(8):454","journal-title":"Genome Biol"},{"issue":"6237","key":"9893_CR161","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"880","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aaa6806","volume":"348","author":"I Martincorena","year":"2015","unstructured":"Martincorena I et al (2015) Tumor evolution. High burden and pervasive positive selection of somatic mutations in normal human skin. Science 348(6237):880\u2013886","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"35","key":"9893_CR162","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10995","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1508074112","volume":"112","author":"JZ Sanborn","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sanborn JZ et al (2015) Phylogenetic analyses of melanoma reveal complex patterns of metastatic dissemination. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 112(35):10995\u201311000","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"issue":"3","key":"9893_CR163","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.2328","volume":"17","author":"MJ Bissell","year":"2011","unstructured":"Bissell MJ, Hines WC (2011) Why don\u2019t we get more cancer? A proposed role of the microenvironment in restraining cancer progression. Nat Med 17(3):320\u2013329","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"9893_CR164","first-page":"25","volume":"67","author":"YJ Park","year":"2011","unstructured":"Park YJ (2011) Genome-wide epigenetic modifications in cancer. Progress Drug Res 67:25\u201349","journal-title":"Progress Drug Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"9893_CR165","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17314","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-17330-0","volume":"7","author":"R Metri","year":"2017","unstructured":"Metri R et al (2017) Identification of a gene signature for discriminating metastatic from primary melanoma using a molecular interaction network approach. Sci Rep 7(1):17314","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"9","key":"9893_CR166","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0560.2003.00090.x","volume":"30","author":"SS Shen","year":"2003","unstructured":"Shen SS et al (2003) Analysis of protein tyrosine kinase expression in melanocytic lesions by tissue array. J Cutan Pathol 30(9):539\u2013547","journal-title":"J Cutan Pathol"},{"issue":"1","key":"9893_CR167","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0303-6987.2006.00420.x","volume":"33","author":"Y Isabel Zhu","year":"2006","unstructured":"Isabel Zhu Y, Fitzpatrick JE (2006) Expression of c-kit (CD117) in Spitz nevus and malignant melanoma. J Cutan Pathol 33(1):33\u201337","journal-title":"J Cutan Pathol"},{"issue":"2","key":"9893_CR168","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1002\/1878-0261.12161","volume":"12","author":"M Del C Velasco-Herrera","year":"2017","unstructured":"Del C Velasco-Herrera M et al (2017) Comparative genomics reveals that loss of lunatic fringe (LFNG) promotes melanoma metastasis. Mol Oncol 12(2):239\u2013255","journal-title":"Mol Oncol"},{"issue":"6","key":"9893_CR169","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2012.07.033","volume":"150","author":"CG Lian","year":"2012","unstructured":"Lian CG et al (2012) Loss of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine is an epigenetic hallmark of melanoma. Cell 150(6):1135\u20131146","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"4","key":"9893_CR170","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1684\/bdc.2012.1550","volume":"99","author":"M Boissan","year":"2012","unstructured":"Boissan M, Lacombe ML (2012) NM23, an example of a metastasis suppressor gene. Bull Cancer 99(4):431\u2013440","journal-title":"Bull Cancer"},{"issue":"6795","key":"9893_CR171","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"532","DOI":"10.1038\/35020106","volume":"406","author":"EA Clark","year":"2000","unstructured":"Clark EA et al (2000) Genomic analysis of metastasis reveals an essential role for RhoC. Nature 406(6795):532\u2013535","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"8","key":"9893_CR172","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"896","DOI":"10.1038\/onc.2010.470","volume":"30","author":"J Li","year":"2011","unstructured":"Li J et al (2011) Prognostic significance of BRMS1 expression in human melanoma and its role in tumor angiogenesis. Oncogene 30(8):896\u2013906","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"issue":"2","key":"9893_CR173","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1003251","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1003251","volume":"9","author":"BR Achyut","year":"2013","unstructured":"Achyut BR (2013) Inflammation-mediated genetic and epigenetic alterations drive cancer development in the neighboring epithelium upon stromal abrogation of TGF-\u03b2 signaling. PLoS Genet 9(2):e1003251","journal-title":"PLoS Genet"},{"issue":"1","key":"9893_CR174","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2012.09.010","volume":"334","author":"IP Pogribny","year":"2013","unstructured":"Pogribny IP (2013) DNA methylome alterations in chemical carcinogenesis. Cancer Lett 334(1):39","journal-title":"Cancer Lett"},{"issue":"3","key":"9893_CR175","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.4161\/cam.28346","volume":"8","author":"CM Gould","year":"2014","unstructured":"Gould CM (2014) Regulation of invadopodia by the tumor microenvironment. Cell Adhes Migr 8(3):226","journal-title":"Cell Adhes Migr"},{"issue":"3","key":"9893_CR176","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1016\/j.suronc.2011.09.001","volume":"21","author":"CE Weber","year":"2012","unstructured":"Weber CE (2012) The tumor microenvironment. Surg Oncol 21(3):172","journal-title":"Surg Oncol"},{"issue":"5","key":"9893_CR177","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.7150\/ijbs.7.651","volume":"7","author":"BF Zamarron","year":"2011","unstructured":"Zamarron BF (2011) Dual roles of immune cells and their factors in cancer development and progression. Int J Biol Sci 7(5):651","journal-title":"Int J Biol Sci"},{"issue":"10","key":"9893_CR178","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"730","DOI":"10.1038\/gt.2008.39","volume":"15","author":"E Spaeth","year":"2008","unstructured":"Spaeth E (2008) Inflammation and tumor microenvironments: defining the migratory itinerary of mesenchymal stem cells. Gene Ther 15(10):730","journal-title":"Gene Ther"},{"issue":"5","key":"9893_CR179","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"646","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2011.02.013","volume":"144","author":"D Hanahan","year":"2011","unstructured":"Hanahan D (2011) Hallmarks of cancer: the next generation. Cell 144(5):646","journal-title":"Cell"}],"container-title":["Clinical &amp; Experimental Metastasis"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10585-018-9893-y\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10585-018-9893-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10585-018-9893-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,4]],"date-time":"2025-07-04T02:05:59Z","timestamp":1751594759000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10585-018-9893-y"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,2]]},"references-count":179,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5-6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,8]]}},"alternative-id":["9893"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10585-018-9893-y","relation":{},"ISSN":["0262-0898","1573-7276"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0262-0898","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-7276","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"28 March 2018","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"18 April 2018","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"2 May 2018","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"value":"MB serves as a consultant for Eli Lilly and Company. NT and OW declare that they have no conflicts of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Research involving human participants and\/or animals"}}]}}