{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,21]],"date-time":"2025-02-21T07:50:49Z","timestamp":1740124249893,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,9]],"date-time":"2016-06-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1465430400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004489","name":"Mitacs","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004489","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Workplace Safety and Insurance Board (WSIB)"},{"name":"Toronto Transit Commission (TTC)"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Community Ment Health J"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,2]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10597-016-0029-z","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,9]],"date-time":"2016-06-09T01:34:33Z","timestamp":1465436073000},"page":"224-232","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Comorbid Depression and Other Predictors of PTSD Severity in Urban Public Transit Employees"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"53","author":[{"given":"Ravi","family":"Shah","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rosane","family":"Nisenbaum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Catherine","family":"Classen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rahel","family":"Eynan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paul S.","family":"Links","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"29_CR1","volume-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"2000","unstructured":"American Psychiatric Association. (2000). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, DSM-IV-TR edn. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association.","edition":"DSM-IV-TR"},{"issue":"1","key":"29_CR2","first-page":"3","volume":"48","author":"S. Bance","year":"2014","unstructured":"Bance, S., Links, P. S., Strike, C., Bender, A., Eynan, R., Bergmans, Y., et al. (2014). Help-seeking in transit workers exposed to acute psychological trauma: A qualitative analysis. Work (Reading, Mass.), 48(1), 3\u201310.","journal-title":"Work (Reading, Mass.)"},{"key":"29_CR3","volume-title":"Manual for the beck depression inventory-II","author":"A. T. Beck","year":"1996","unstructured":"Beck, A. T., Steer, R. A., & Brown, G. K. (1996). Manual for the beck depression inventory-II. San Antonio, TX: Psychological Corporation."},{"issue":"5","key":"29_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.142.5.559","volume":"142","author":"A. T. Beck","year":"1985","unstructured":"Beck, A. T., Steer, R. A., Kovacs, M., & Garrison, B. (1985). Hopelessness and eventual suicide: A 10-year prospective study of patients hospitalized with suicidal ideation. [Research Support, U.S. Gov\u2019t, P.H.S.]. American Journal of Psychiatry, 142(5), 559\u2013563.","journal-title":"American Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"29_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1961.01710120031004","volume":"4","author":"A. T. Beck","year":"1961","unstructured":"Beck, A. T., Ward, C. H., Mendelson, M., Mock, J., & Erbaugh, J. (1961). An inventory for measuring depression. Archives of General Psychiatry, 4, 561\u2013571.","journal-title":"Archives of General Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"29_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.3233\/WOR-162263","volume":"54","author":"A. Bender","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bender, A., Eynan, R., O\u2019Grady, J., Nisenbaum, R., Shah, R., & Links, P. S. (2016). Best practice intervention for post-traumatic stress disorder among transit workers. Work, 54(1), 59\u201371.","journal-title":"Work"},{"issue":"12","key":"29_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1097\/00005053-198612000-00004","volume":"174","author":"E. M. Bernstein","year":"1986","unstructured":"Bernstein, E. M., & Putnam, F. W. (1986). Development, reliability, and validity of a dissociation scale. The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 174(12), 727\u2013735.","journal-title":"The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease"},{"issue":"1","key":"29_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.7202\/032387ar","volume":"21","author":"R. Boyer","year":"1996","unstructured":"Boyer, R., & Brunet, A. (1996). Prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder in bus drivers. Sante Mentale Au Quebec, 21(1), 189\u2013208.","journal-title":"Sante Mentale Au Quebec"},{"issue":"3","key":"29_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1991.01810270028003","volume":"48","author":"N. Breslau","year":"1991","unstructured":"Breslau, N., Davis, G. C., Andreski, P., & Peterson, E. (1991). Traumatic events and posttraumatic stress disorder in an urban population of young adults. Archives of General Psychiatry, 48(3), 216\u2013222.","journal-title":"Archives of General Psychiatry"},{"issue":"7","key":"29_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"626","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.55.7.626","volume":"55","author":"N. Breslau","year":"1998","unstructured":"Breslau, N., Kessler, R. C., Chilcoat, H. D., Schultz, L. R., Davis, G. C., & Andreski, P. (1998). Trauma and posttraumatic stress disorder in the community: The 1996 Detroit Area Survey of Trauma. Archives of General Psychiatry, 55(7), 626\u2013632.","journal-title":"Archives of General Psychiatry"},{"issue":"5","key":"29_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"748","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.68.5.748","volume":"68","author":"C. R. Brewin","year":"2000","unstructured":"Brewin, C. R., Andrews, B., & Valentine, J. D. (2000). Meta-analysis of risk factors for posttraumatic stress disorder in trauma-exposed adults. [Meta-Analysis]. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 68(5), 748\u2013766.","journal-title":"Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology"},{"issue":"3 Pt 2","key":"29_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1155","DOI":"10.2466\/pr0.1998.83.3f.1155","volume":"83","author":"A. Brunet","year":"1998","unstructured":"Brunet, A., Boyer, R., Brillon, P., Ehrensaft, E., & Stephenson, R. (1998). Lifetime exposure to traumatic events among a sample of city bus drivers. Psychological Reports, 83(3 Pt 2), 1155\u20131160.","journal-title":"Psychological Reports"},{"issue":"6","key":"29_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-006-0101-4","volume":"22","author":"D. G. Campbell","year":"2007","unstructured":"Campbell, D. G., Felker, B. L., Liu, C. F., Yano, E. M., Kirchner, J. E., Chan, D., et al. (2007). Prevalence of depression-PTSD comorbidity: Implications for clinical practice guidelines and primary care-based interventions. [Randomized Controlled Trial Research Support, U.S. Gov\u2019t, Non-P.H.S.]. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 22(6), 711\u2013718.","journal-title":"Journal of General Internal Medicine"},{"issue":"7","key":"29_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1030","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.150.7.1030","volume":"150","author":"E. B. Carlson","year":"1993","unstructured":"Carlson, E. B., Putnam, F. W., Ross, C. A., Torem, M., Coons, P., Dill, D. L., et al. (1993). Validity of the dissociative experiences scale in screening for multiple personality disorder: A multicenter study. [Multicenter Study]. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 150(7), 1030\u20131036.","journal-title":"The American Journal of Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"29_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1097\/00005053-199504000-00008","volume":"183","author":"K. A. Dubester","year":"1995","unstructured":"Dubester, K. A., & Braun, B. G. (1995). Psychometric properties of the dissociative experiences scale. The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 183(4), 231\u2013235.","journal-title":"The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease"},{"key":"29_CR16","first-page":"161","volume":"16","author":"S. A. Falsettin","year":"1993","unstructured":"Falsettin, S. A., Resnick, H. S., Resick, P. A., & Kilpatrick, D. G. (1993). The modified PTSD symptom scale: A brief self-report measures of posttraumatic stress disorder. The Behavior Therapist, 16, 161\u2013162.","journal-title":"The Behavior Therapist"},{"issue":"1","key":"29_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1007\/s10903-007-9049-7","volume":"10","author":"K. Fedovskiy","year":"2008","unstructured":"Fedovskiy, K., Higgins, S., & Paranjape, A. (2008). Intimate partner violence: How does it impact major depressive disorder and post traumatic stress disorder among immigrant Latinas? Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health\/Center for Minority Public Health, 10(1), 45\u201351.","journal-title":"Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health\/Center for Minority Public Health"},{"key":"29_CR18","volume-title":"Structured clinical interview for DSM-IV Axix I disorders\u2013\u2013patient edition (SCID-I\/P, Version 2.0)","author":"M. B. First","year":"1997","unstructured":"First, M. B., Spitzer, R. L., Gibbon, M., & Williams, J. B. W. (1997). Structured clinical interview for DSM-IV Axix I disorders\u2013\u2013patient edition (SCID-I\/P, Version 2.0). New York, NY: Biometric Research, New York State Psychiatric Institute."},{"issue":"12","key":"29_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"760","DOI":"10.1097\/00005053-199212000-00004","volume":"180","author":"B. L. Green","year":"1992","unstructured":"Green, B. L., Lindy, J. D., Grace, M. C., & Leonard, A. C. (1992). Chronic posttraumatic stress disorder and diagnostic comorbidity in a disaster sample. The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 180(12), 760\u2013766.","journal-title":"The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease"},{"key":"29_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192186","DOI":"10.1155\/2011\/192186","volume":"2011","author":"D. S. Greenawalt","year":"2011","unstructured":"Greenawalt, D. S., Tsan, J. Y., Kimbrel, N. A., Meyer, E. C., Kruse, M. I., Tharp, D. F., et al. (2011). Mental health treatment involvement and religious coping among African American, hispanic, and white veterans of the wars of Iraq and Afghanistan. Depression Research and Treatment, 2011, 192186.","journal-title":"Depression Research and Treatment"},{"issue":"10","key":"29_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1136\/oem.2005.023671","volume":"63","author":"A. Griffiths","year":"2006","unstructured":"Griffiths, A., Cox, T., Karanika, M., Khan, S., & Tomas, J. M. (2006). Work design and management in the manufacturing sector: Development and validation of the Work Organisation Assessment Questionnaire. Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 63(10), 669\u2013675.","journal-title":"Occupational and Environmental Medicine"},{"issue":"4","key":"29_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1017\/S003329170005501X","volume":"10","author":"S. Henderson","year":"1980","unstructured":"Henderson, S., Duncan-Jones, P., Byrne, D. G., & Scott, R. (1980). Measuring social relationships. The interview schedule for social interaction. Psychological Medicine, 10(4), 723\u2013734.","journal-title":"Psychological Medicine"},{"issue":"2","key":"29_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2010.09.004","volume":"25","author":"L. A. Irish","year":"2011","unstructured":"Irish, L. A., Fischer, B., Fallon, W., Spoonster, E., Sledjeski, E. M., & Delahanty, D. L. (2011). Gender differences in PTSD symptoms: An exploration of peritraumatic mechanisms. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 25(2), 209\u2013216.","journal-title":"Journal of Anxiety Disorders"},{"key":"29_CR24","first-page":"77","volume-title":"Posttraumatic stress disorder: Acute and long-term responses to traumas and disaster","author":"E. G. Karam","year":"1997","unstructured":"Karam, E. G. (1997). Comorbidity of posttraumatic stress disorder and depression. In C. Fullerton & Ursano, R.J. (Ed.), Posttraumatic stress disorder: Acute and long-term responses to traumas and disaster (Vol.\u00a051, pp.\u00a077\u201390). Washington: American Psychiatric Press."},{"issue":"2","key":"29_CR25","first-page":"83","volume":"4","author":"U. K. Karunakara","year":"2004","unstructured":"Karunakara, U. K., Neuner, F., Schauer, M., Singh, K., Hill, K., Elbert, T., et al. (2004). Traumatic events and symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder amongst Sudanese nationals, refugees and Ugandans in the West Nile. African Health Sciences, 4(2), 83\u201393.","journal-title":"African Health Sciences"},{"issue":"12","key":"29_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1048","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1995.03950240066012","volume":"52","author":"R. C. Kessler","year":"1995","unstructured":"Kessler, R. C., Sonnega, A., Bromet, E., Hughes, M., & Nelson, C. B. (1995). Posttraumatic stress disorder in the National Comorbidity Survey. Archives of General Psychiatry, 52(12), 1048\u20131060.","journal-title":"Archives of General Psychiatry"},{"issue":"11","key":"29_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1027","DOI":"10.1002\/da.20730","volume":"27","author":"D. D. Luxton","year":"2010","unstructured":"Luxton, D. D., Skopp, N. A., & Maguen, S. (2010). Gender differences in depression and PTSD symptoms following combat exposure. Depression and Anxiety, 27(11), 1027\u20131033.","journal-title":"Depression and Anxiety"},{"issue":"6","key":"29_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1097\/00005053-198706000-00002","volume":"175","author":"E. A. Marziali","year":"1987","unstructured":"Marziali, E. A. (1987). People in your life. Development of a social support measure for predicting psychotherapy outcome. The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 175(6), 327\u2013338.","journal-title":"The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease"},{"issue":"12","key":"29_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"728","DOI":"10.1097\/00005053-199112000-00003","volume":"179","author":"L. J. Moore","year":"1991","unstructured":"Moore, L. J., & Boehnlein, J. K. (1991). Posttraumatic stress disorder, depression, and somatic symptoms in U.S. Mien patients. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 179(12), 728\u2013733.","journal-title":"Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease"},{"key":"29_CR30","unstructured":"National Institute for Clinical Excellence. (2005). Retrieved from http:\/\/www.nice.org.uk\/ ."},{"issue":"3","key":"29_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.20131","volume":"19","author":"T. O\u2019Hare","year":"2006","unstructured":"O\u2019Hare, T., Sherrer, M. V., & Shen, C. (2006). Subjective distress from stressful events and high-risk behaviors as predictors of PTSD symptom severity in clients with severe mental illness. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 19(3), 375\u2013386.","journal-title":"Journal of Traumatic Stress"},{"issue":"1","key":"29_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.129.1.52","volume":"129","author":"E. J. Ozer","year":"2003","unstructured":"Ozer, E. J., Best, S. R., Lipsey, T. L., & Weiss, D. S. (2003). Predictors of posttraumatic stress disorder and symptoms in adults: A meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 129(1), 52\u201373.","journal-title":"Psychological Bulletin"},{"issue":"1","key":"29_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.2307\/2092787","volume":"34","author":"D. L. Phillips","year":"1969","unstructured":"Phillips, D. L., & Segal, B. E. (1969). Sexual status and psychiatric symptoms. American Sociological Review, 34(1), 58\u201372.","journal-title":"American Sociological Review"},{"issue":"1","key":"29_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1177\/0145445507303833","volume":"32","author":"D. L. Segal","year":"2008","unstructured":"Segal, D. L., Coolidge, F. L., Cahill, B. S., & O\u2019Riley, A. A. (2008). Psychometric properties of the Beck Depression Inventory II (BDI-II) among community-dwelling older adults. [Comparative Study]. Behavior Modification, 32(1), 3\u201320.","journal-title":"Behavior Modification"},{"issue":"6","key":"29_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.2217\/npy.12.56","volume":"2","author":"R. Shah","year":"2012","unstructured":"Shah, R., Shah, A., & Links, P. (2012). Post-traumatic stress disorder and depression comorbidity: Severity across different populations. Neuropsychiatry, 2(6), 521\u2013529.","journal-title":"Neuropsychiatry"},{"issue":"5","key":"29_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"630","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.155.5.630","volume":"155","author":"A. Y. Shalev","year":"1998","unstructured":"Shalev, A. Y., Freedman, S., Peri, T., Brandes, D., Sahar, T., Orr, S. P., et al. (1998). Prospective study of posttraumatic stress disorder and depression following trauma. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 155(5), 630\u2013637.","journal-title":"The American Journal of Psychiatry"},{"issue":"6","key":"29_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.169.6.717","volume":"169","author":"A. E. Skodol","year":"1996","unstructured":"Skodol, A. E., Schwartz, S., Dohrenwend, B. P., Levav, I., Shrout, P. E., & Reiff, M. (1996). PTSD symptoms and comorbid mental disorders in Israeli war veterans. British Journal of Psychiatry, 169(6), 717\u2013725.","journal-title":"British Journal of Psychiatry"},{"issue":"9","key":"29_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"871","DOI":"10.1002\/da.20701","volume":"27","author":"P. N. Smith","year":"2010","unstructured":"Smith, P. N., Cukrowicz, K. C., Poindexter, E. K., Hobson, V., & Cohen, L. M. (2010). The acquired capability for suicide: A comparison of suicide attempters, suicide ideators, and non-suicidal controls. Depression and Anxiety, 27(9), 871\u2013877.","journal-title":"Depression and Anxiety"},{"issue":"2\u20133","key":"29_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0327(00)00301-3","volume":"66","author":"M. B. Stein","year":"2001","unstructured":"Stein, M. B., & Kennedy, C. (2001). Major depressive and post-traumatic stress disorder comorbidity in female victims of intimate partner violence. Journal of Affective Disorders, 66(2\u20133), 133\u2013138.","journal-title":"Journal of Affective Disorders"},{"issue":"8","key":"29_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1114","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.154.8.1114","volume":"154","author":"M. B. Stein","year":"1997","unstructured":"Stein, M. B., Walker, J. R., Hazen, A. L., & Forde, D. R. (1997). Full and partial posttraumatic stress disorder: Findings from a community survey. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 154(8), 1114\u20131119.","journal-title":"The American Journal of Psychiatry"}],"container-title":["Community Mental Health Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10597-016-0029-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10597-016-0029-z\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10597-016-0029-z","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10597-016-0029-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,24]],"date-time":"2017-06-24T12:00:13Z","timestamp":1498305613000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10597-016-0029-z"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,9]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,2]]}},"alternative-id":["29"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10597-016-0029-z","relation":{},"ISSN":["0010-3853","1573-2789"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0010-3853"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1573-2789"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,9]]}}}