{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T07:20:21Z","timestamp":1792653621796,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,6]],"date-time":"2017-02-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1486339200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Community Ment Health J"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,8]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10597-017-0104-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,6]],"date-time":"2017-02-06T16:01:50Z","timestamp":1486396910000},"page":"711-718","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":92,"title":["Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders: Characteristics, Complications, and Treatment"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"53","author":[{"given":"Lauren F.","family":"Wilhoit","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David A.","family":"Scott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brooke A.","family":"Simecka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"104_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596","volume-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"2013","unstructured":"American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Publishing.","edition":"5"},{"key":"104_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1324","DOI":"10.1007\/s10995-010-0690-8","volume":"15","author":"LA Avalos","year":"2011","unstructured":"Avalos, L. A., Kaskutas, L., Block, G., Abrams, B., & Li, D. K. (2011). Does lack of multinutrient supplementation during early pregnancy increase vulnerability to alcohol-related preterm or small-for-gestational-age births? Maternal Child Health Journal, 15, 1324\u20131332.","journal-title":"Maternal Child Health Journal"},{"key":"104_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ps.201400162","volume":"66","author":"CC Bell","year":"2015","unstructured":"Bell, C. C., & Chimata, R. (2015). Prevalence of neurodevelopmental disorders among low-income African Americans as a clinic on Chicago\u2019s south side. Psychiatric Services, 66, 539\u2013542. doi:\n10.1176\/appi.ps.201400162\n\n.","journal-title":"Psychiatric Services"},{"key":"104_CR3","volume-title":"Fetal alcohol syndrome: Guidelines for referral and diagnosis","author":"J Bertrand","year":"2004","unstructured":"Bertrand, J., Floyd, R. L., Weber, M. K., O\u2019Connor, M., Riley, E. P., Johnson, K. A., Cohen, D. E., & The National Task Force on FAS\/FAE (2004). Fetal alcohol syndrome: Guidelines for referral and diagnosis. Atlanta: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention."},{"issue":"3","key":"104_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9604.2010.01452.x","volume":"25","author":"C Blackburn","year":"2010","unstructured":"Blackburn, C., Carpenter, B., & Egerton, J. (2010). Shaping the future for children with foetal alcohol spectrum disorders. Support For Learning, 25(3), 139\u2013145. doi:\n10.1111\/j.1467-9604.2010.01452.x\n\n.","journal-title":"Support For Learning"},{"issue":"1","key":"104_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1177\/009318531103900107","volume":"39","author":"L Burd","year":"2011","unstructured":"Burd, L. (2011). A court team model for young children in foster care: The role of prenatal alcohol exposure and Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders. Journal of Psychiatry & Law, 39(1), 179\u2013191.","journal-title":"Journal of Psychiatry & Law"},{"issue":"1","key":"104_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2011.09.010","volume":"34","author":"MJ Cannon","year":"2012","unstructured":"Cannon, M. J., Dominique, Y., O\u2019Leary, L. A., Sniezek, J. E., & Floyd, R. L. (2012). Characteristics and behaviors of mothers who have a child with fetal alcohol syndrome. Neurotoxicology & Teratology, 34(1), 90\u201395. doi:\n10.1016\/j.ntt.2011.09.010\n\n.","journal-title":"Neurotoxicology & Teratology"},{"key":"104_CR7","unstructured":"Center for Disease Control and Prevention (2012). Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders. Retrieved from \nhttp:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/ncbddd\/fasd\/index.html\n\n."},{"key":"104_CR8","unstructured":"Center for Disease Control and Prevention (2015). CHOICES as a program to prevent alcohol-exposed pregnancies. Retrieved from \nhttp:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/ncbddd\/fasd\/choices-program-prevent-alcohol-exposed-pregnancies.html\n\n."},{"key":"104_CR9","unstructured":"Center for Disease Control and Prevention (2016). Treatments. Retrieved from \nhttp:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/ncbddd\/fasd\/treatments.html\n\n."},{"issue":"S1","key":"104_CR10","first-page":"S2122","volume":"48","author":"C Chambers","year":"2013","unstructured":"Chambers, C., Yevtushok, L., Zymak-Zakutnya, N., Wertelecki, W., Jones, K. L., Keen, C. L., Uriu-Adams, J. Y. (2013). Maternal alcohol consumption during pregnancy, nutritional status, and impact on infant outcomes [abstract]. Alcohol and Alcoholism, 48(S1):S21\u201322.","journal-title":"Alcohol and Alcoholism"},{"key":"104_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2014-2171","volume":"135","author":"IJ Chasnoff","year":"2015","unstructured":"Chasnoff, I. J., Wells, A. M. & King, L. (2015). Misdiagnosis and missed diagnosis in foster and adopted children with prenatal alcohol exposure. Pediatrics, 135, 264\u2013270. doi:\n10.1542\/peds.2014-2171\n\n.","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"104_CR12","volume-title":"Parental substance use and the child welfare system","author":"Child Welfare Information Gateway","year":"2014","unstructured":"Child Welfare Information Gateway. (2014). Parental substance use and the child welfare system. Washington: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. (Children\u2019s Bureau)."},{"key":"104_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"732","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.2007.120220","volume":"93","author":"EJ Elliot","year":"2008","unstructured":"Elliot, E. J., Payne, J., Morris, A., Haan, E., & Bower, C. (2008). Fetal Alcohol Syndrome: A prospective national surveillance study. Archives Disease Childhood, 93, 732\u2013737.","journal-title":"Archives Disease Childhood"},{"issue":"5","key":"104_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2011.07.013","volume":"84","author":"LB Finer","year":"2011","unstructured":"Finer, L. B., & Zolna, M. R. (2011). Unintended pregnancy in the United States: incidence and disparities, 2006. Contraception, 84(5), 478\u2013485. doi:\n10.1016\/j.contraception.2011.07.013\n\n.","journal-title":"Contraception"},{"issue":"4","key":"104_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1111\/jpc.12814","volume":"51","author":"JP Fitzpatrick","year":"2015","unstructured":"Fitzpatrick, J. P., Latimer, J., Carter, M., Oscar, J., Ferreira, M. L., Carmichael, O. H.,\u2026Elliot, E. J. (2015). Prevalence of fetal alcohol syndrome in a population-based sample of children living in remote Australia: The Liliwan project. Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health, 51(4), 450\u2013457. doi:\n10.1111\/jpc.12814\n\n.","journal-title":"Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health"},{"key":"104_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2013.06.005","author":"AJ Fuglestad","year":"2013","unstructured":"Fuglestad, A. J., Fink, B. A., Eckerle, J. K., Boys, C. J., Hoecker, H. L., Kroupina, M. G., & Wozniak, J. R. (2013). Inadequate intake of nutrients essential for neurodevelopment in children with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD). Neurotoxicology & Teratology. doi:\n10.1016\/j.ntt.2013.06.005\n\n.","journal-title":"Neurotoxicology & Teratology"},{"key":"104_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1746-1561.2007.00178.x","volume":"77","author":"JH Green","year":"2007","unstructured":"Green, J. H. (2007). Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders: understanding the effects of prenatal alcohol exposure and supporting students. Journal of School Health, 77, 103\u2013108.","journal-title":"Journal of School Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"104_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1080\/10874208.2012.650110","volume":"16","author":"DC Hammond","year":"2012","unstructured":"Hammond, D. C. (2012). Lens neurofeedback treatment with fetal alcohol spectrum disorder and neglect. Journal of Neurotherapy, 16(1), 47\u201352. doi:\n10.1080\/10874208.2012.650110\n\n.","journal-title":"Journal of Neurotherapy"},{"issue":"4","key":"104_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"488","DOI":"10.1177\/1049731514543668","volume":"25","author":"SK Johnson","year":"2015","unstructured":"Johnson, S. K., Velasquez, M. M., & von Sternberg, K. (2015). CHOICES: An empirically supported intervention for preventing alcohol-exposed pregnancy in community settings. Research on Social Work Practice, 25(4), 488\u2013492. doi:\n10.1177\/1049731514543668\n\n.","journal-title":"Research on Social Work Practice"},{"issue":"1","key":"104_CR20","first-page":"1","volume":"3","author":"K Jones","year":"2004","unstructured":"Jones, K. (2004). Successfully raising resilient foster children with fetal alcohol syndrome: What works. Envision: The Manitoba Journal of Child Welfare, 3(1), 1\u201318.","journal-title":"Envision: The Manitoba Journal of Child Welfare"},{"issue":"2","key":"104_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1007\/s10578-015-0566-7","volume":"47","author":"JA Kable","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kable, J. A., O\u2019Connor, M. J., Olson, H. C., Paley, B., Mattson, S. N., Anderson, S. M., & Riley, E. P. (2016). Neurobehavioral disorder associated with prenatal alcohol exposure (ND-PAE): Proposed DSM-5 diagnosis. Child Psychiatry and Human Development, 47(2), 335\u2013346. doi:\n10.1007\/s10578-015-0566-7\n\n.","journal-title":"Child Psychiatry and Human Development"},{"issue":"4","key":"104_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.2011.01661.x","volume":"36","author":"K Kully-Martens","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kully-Martens, K., Denys, K., Treit, S., Tamana, S., & Rasmussen, C. (2012). A review of social skills deficits in individuals with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders and prenatal alcohol exposure: Profiles, mechanisms, and interventions. Alcoholism: Clinical And Experimental Research, 36(4), 568\u2013576. doi:\n10.1111\/j.1530-0277.2011.01661.x\n\n.","journal-title":"Alcoholism: Clinical And Experimental Research"},{"issue":"5","key":"104_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"855","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2013-3319","volume":"134","author":"PA May","year":"2014","unstructured":"May, P. A., Baete, A., Russo, J., Elliott, A. J., Blankenship, J., Kalberg, W. O.,\u2026Hoyme, H. E. (2014). Prevalence and characteristics of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders. Pediatrics, 134(5), 855\u2013866.","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"3","key":"104_CR24","first-page":"159","volume":"25","author":"PA May","year":"2001","unstructured":"May, P. A., & Gossage, J. P. (2001). Estimating the prevalence of fetal alcohol syndrome\u2014A summary. Alcohol Research and Health, 25(3), 159\u2013167.","journal-title":"Alcohol Research and Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"104_CR25","first-page":"97","volume":"37","author":"NJ Murawski","year":"2015","unstructured":"Murawski, N. J., Moore, E. M., Thomas, J. D., & Riley, E. P. (2015). Advances in diagnosis and treatment of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders: From animal models to human studies. Alcohol Research: Current Reviews, 37(1), 97\u2013108.","journal-title":"Alcohol Research: Current Reviews"},{"key":"104_CR26","unstructured":"National Organization on Fetal Alcohol Syndrome. (2012). FASD. Retrieved from \nhttp:\/\/www.nofas.org\/\n\n."},{"key":"104_CR27","unstructured":"National Organization on Fetal Alcohol Syndrome. (2016). Treatment and support. Retrieved from \nhttp:\/\/www.nofas.org\/treatments-support\/\n\n."},{"issue":"6","key":"104_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"770","DOI":"10.1177\/0093854812437919","volume":"39","author":"BN Novick","year":"2012","unstructured":"Novick, B. N., Connor, P., & Adler, R. (2012). Conduct-Disordered Adolescents With Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder: Intervention in Secure Treatment Settings. Criminal Justice & Behavior, 39(6), 770\u2013793.","journal-title":"Criminal Justice & Behavior"},{"key":"104_CR29","unstructured":"Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention. (2012). A first drink before a first breath: Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders. Retrieved from \nhttp:\/\/www.ojjdp.gov\/newsletter\/238981\/sf_2.html\n\n."},{"issue":"3","key":"104_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1002\/ddrr.65","volume":"15","author":"HC Olson","year":"2009","unstructured":"Olson, H. C., Oti, R., Gelo, J., & Beck, S. (2009). \u201cFamily matters:\u201d Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders and the family. Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews, 15(3), 235\u2013249.","journal-title":"Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews"},{"issue":"1","key":"104_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1093\/jpepsy\/jsj030","volume":"31","author":"LS Padgett","year":"2006","unstructured":"Padgett, L. S., Strickland, D., & Coles, C. D. (2006). Case study: Using a virtual reality computer game to teach fire safety skills to children diagnosed with fetal alcohol syndrome. Journal of Pediatric Psychology, 31(1), 65\u201370.","journal-title":"Journal of Pediatric Psychology"},{"key":"104_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-3797(02)00495-6","volume":"23","author":"Project CHOICES Research Group","year":"2002","unstructured":"Project CHOICES Research Group (2002). Alcohol-exposed pregnancy: Characteristics associated with risk. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 23, 166\u2013173.","journal-title":"American Journal of Preventive Medicine"},{"key":"104_CR33","unstructured":"Reach to Teach (2007). Educating Elementary and Middle School Children with Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders. Retrieved from \nhttp:\/\/fasdcenter.samhsa.gov\/publications\/reachToTeach.aspx\n\n."},{"issue":"12","key":"104_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2283","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.12903","volume":"39","author":"N Reid","year":"2015","unstructured":"Reid, N., Dawe, S., Shelton, D., Harnett, P., Warner, J., Armstrong, E., & ... O\u2019Callaghan, F. (2015). Systematic review of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder interventions across the life span. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, 39(12), 2283\u20132295. doi:\n10.1111\/acer.12903\n\n.","journal-title":"Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research"},{"issue":"3","key":"104_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1177\/001440290607200307","volume":"72","author":"S Ryan","year":"2006","unstructured":"Ryan, S., & Ferguson, D. L. (2006). On, yet under, the radar: Students with fetal alcohol spectrum disorder. Exceptional Children, 72(3), 363\u2013379.","journal-title":"Exceptional Children"},{"issue":"4","key":"104_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1097\/00004703-200408000-00002","volume":"25","author":"AP Streissguth","year":"2004","unstructured":"Streissguth, A. P., Bookstein, F. L., Barr, H. M., Sampson, P. D., O\u2019Malley, K., & Young, J. K. (2004). Risk Factors for Adverse Life Outcomes in Fetal Alcohol Syndrome and Fetal Alcohol Effects. Journal of Developmental And Behavioral Pediatrics, 25(4), 228\u2013238. doi:\n10.1097\/00004703-200408000-00002\n\n.","journal-title":"Journal of Developmental And Behavioral Pediatrics"},{"key":"104_CR37","unstructured":"Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. (2012). Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders. Retrieved from \nhttp:\/\/fasdcenter.samhsa.gov\/index.aspx\n\n."},{"key":"104_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2009.07.002","volume":"31","author":"JD Thomas","year":"2009","unstructured":"Thomas, J. D., Abou, E. J., & Dominguez, H. D. (2009). Prenatal choline supplementation mitigates the adverse effects of prenatal alcohol exposure on development in rats. Neurotoxicolgy and Teratology, 31, 303\u2013311.","journal-title":"Neurotoxicolgy and Teratology"},{"issue":"3","key":"104_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1080\/10911350802427605","volume":"18","author":"A Victor","year":"2008","unstructured":"Victor, A., Wozniak, J. R., & Chang, P. (2008). Environmental correlates of cognition and behavior in children with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders. Journal of Human Behavior in The Social Environment, 18(3), 288\u2013300. doi:\n10.1080\/10911350802427605\n\n.","journal-title":"Journal of Human Behavior in The Social Environment"},{"issue":"3","key":"104_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-8527.00298","volume":"30","author":"L Ward","year":"2003","unstructured":"Ward, L., Mallett, R., Heslop, P., & Simons, K. (2003). Transition planning: how well does it work for young people with learning disabilities and their families? British Journal of Special Education, 30(3), 132\u2013137.","journal-title":"British Journal of Special Education"},{"key":"104_CR41","unstructured":"Wattendorf, D. J. & Muemke, M. (2005). Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders. American Academy of Family Physicians, 72(2), 279\u2013285. Retrieved from \nhttp:\/\/www.aafp.org\/afp\/2005\/0715\/p279.html\n\n."},{"key":"104_CR42","volume-title":"International statistical classification of diseases and related health problems, 10th Revision (ICD-10)","author":"World Health Organization","year":"1992","unstructured":"World Health Organization (1992). International statistical classification of diseases and related health problems, 10th Revision (ICD-10). Geneva: WHO."},{"key":"104_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.2471\/BLT.11.020611","volume":"89","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2011","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2011). Fetal alcohol syndrome: Dashed hopes, damaged lives. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 89, 398\u2013399. doi:\n10.2471\/BLT.11.020611\n\n.","journal-title":"Bulletin of the World Health Organization"},{"key":"104_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281A","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.12024","volume":"37","author":"J Wozniak","year":"2013","unstructured":"Wozniak, J., Eckerle, J., Fink, B., Kroupina, M., Miller, N., Boys, C., & ... Georgieff, M. (2013). Post-natal choline supplementation in children with FASD: Preliminary safety and efficacy results. Alcoholism: Clinical And Experimental Research, 37, 281A.","journal-title":"Alcoholism: Clinical And Experimental Research"},{"issue":"5","key":"104_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1113","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.114.099168","volume":"102","author":"JR Wozniak","year":"2015","unstructured":"Wozniak, J. R., Fuglestad, A. J., Eckerle, J. K., Fink, B. A., Hoecker, H. L., Boys, C. J., & ... Georgieff, M. K. (2015). Choline supplementation in children with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 102(5), 1113\u20131125. doi:\n10.3945\/ajcn.114.099168\n\n.","journal-title":"American Journal of Clinical Nutrition"}],"container-title":["Community Mental Health Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10597-017-0104-0\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10597-017-0104-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10597-017-0104-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,14]],"date-time":"2017-07-14T04:40:10Z","timestamp":1500007210000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10597-017-0104-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,6]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,8]]}},"alternative-id":["104"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10597-017-0104-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["0010-3853","1573-2789"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0010-3853","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-2789","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,6]]}}}