{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,4]],"date-time":"2026-07-04T08:19:10Z","timestamp":1783153150301,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,16]],"date-time":"2026-01-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768521600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,16]],"date-time":"2026-01-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768521600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100024199","name":"Washington State Legislature","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ESSB 5187 (2023)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ESSB 5187 (2023)"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100024199","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100024199","name":"Washington State Legislature","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ESSB 5187 (2023)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ESSB 5187 (2023)"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100024199","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100024199","name":"Washington State Legislature","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ESSB 5187 (2023)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ESSB 5187 (2023)"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100024199","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"University of Washington\u2019s Cannabis Dedicated Account"},{"name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) Project Bridge Grant","award":["PJT-153342"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PJT-153342"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Community Ment Health J"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10597-025-01579-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,16]],"date-time":"2026-01-16T06:48:17Z","timestamp":1768546097000},"page":"889-895","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["People with psychotic disorders are the most vulnerable to cannabis adverse health outcomes: a study in WA State, USA"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"62","author":[{"given":"Beatriz H","family":"Carlini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jason R","family":"Williams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sharon B","family":"Garrett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Hammond","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,16]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"1579_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2024.02.016","volume":"75","author":"A Ball","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ball, A., Hadland, S., Rodean, J., Hall, M., Mendoza, J., & Ahrens, K. (2024). Trends in substance-related visits among youth to US children\u2019s hospitals, 2016\u20132021: An analysis of the pediatric health information system database. The Journal of Adolescent Health: Official Publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine, 75(1), 76\u201384. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2024.02.016","journal-title":"The Journal of Adolescent Health: Official Publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine"},{"issue":"3","key":"1579_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.15288\/jsad.23-00277","volume":"85","author":"BH Carlini","year":"2024","unstructured":"Carlini, B. H., Kellum, L. B., Garrett, S. B., & Nims, L. N. (2024). Threaten, distract, and discredit: Cannabis industry rhetoric to defeat regulation of high-THC cannabis products in Washington state. Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs, 85(3), 322\u2013329. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15288\/jsad.23-00277","journal-title":"Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs"},{"key":"1579_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"209486","DOI":"10.1016\/j.josat.2024.209486","volume":"167","author":"NG Choi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Choi, N. G., Moore, J., & Choi, B. Y. (2024). Cannabis use disorder and substance use treatment among U.S. adults. Journal of Substance Use & Addiction Treatment, 167, 209486. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.josat.2024.209486","journal-title":"Journal of Substance Use & Addiction Treatment"},{"key":"1579_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112717","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2025.112717","volume":"273","author":"AM Colby","year":"2025","unstructured":"Colby, A. M., Barashy, S., Miller, M. L., Hummel, H. M., Mun, C. J., & Meier, M. H. (2025). Associations between cannabis-related hospital visits and psychotic disorder-related hospital visits in Arizona from 2016 to 2022. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 273, 112717. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2025.112717. Advance online publication.","journal-title":"Drug and Alcohol Dependence"},{"key":"1579_CR5","unstructured":"Corsetti, D., Fataar, F., Burkhalter, R., & Hammond, D. (2022). INTERNATIONAL CANNABIS POLICY STUDY TECHNICAL REPORT \u2013 WAVE 5. Waterloo, ON, Canada."},{"key":"1579_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Garrett, S. B., Williams, J. R., Carlini, B. H., & Hammond, D. (2025). Cannabis consumption patterns, adverse events, and cannabis risk beliefs: A latent profile analysis in WA State. Drug and alcohol dependence, 273, 112728. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2025.112728","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2025.112728"},{"issue":"4","key":"1579_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0122404","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0122404","volume":"10","author":"C Gonz\u00e1lez-Blanch","year":"2015","unstructured":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Blanch, C., Gleeson, J. F., Koval, P., Cotton, S. M., McGorry, P. D., & Alvarez-Jimenez, M. (2015). Social functioning trajectories of young first-episode psychosis patients with and without cannabis misuse: A 30-month follow-up study. PLoS One, 10(4), e0122404. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0122404","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"1579_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102698","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2020.102698","volume":"77","author":"D Hammond","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hammond, D., Goodman, S., Wadsworth, E., Rynard, V., Boudreau, C., & Hall, W. (2020). Evaluating the impacts of cannabis legalization: The international cannabis policy study. International Journal of Drug Policy, 77, 102698. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.drugpo.2020.102698","journal-title":"International Journal of Drug Policy"},{"key":"1579_CR9","unstructured":"Hammond, D., Iraniparast, M., Danh Hong, D., Rynard, V., & Burkhalter, R. (2024). International cannabis policy Study \u2013 Washington 2023. Summary. https:\/\/lcb.wa.gov\/sites\/default\/files\/publications\/Research%20Team\/ICPS\/Washington%20State_ICPS%202023_Key%20Indicators.pdf"},{"key":"1579_CR10","unstructured":"Humeniuk, R. E., Henry-Edwards, S., Ali, R. L., Poznyak, V., & Monteiro, M. (2010). The Alcohol, smoking and substance involvement screening test (ASSIST): Manual for use in primary care. Geneva. https:\/\/iris.who.int\/bitstream\/handle\/10665\/44320\/9789241599382_eng.pdf World Health Organization."},{"key":"1579_CR11","unstructured":"Lumley, T. (2023). survey: analysis of complex survey samples (R package version 4.2)."},{"issue":"1","key":"1579_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e077908","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2023-077908","volume":"14","author":"A Marquette","year":"2024","unstructured":"Marquette, A., Iraniparast, M., & Hammond, D. (2024). Adverse outcomes of cannabis use in Canada, before and after legalisation of non-medical cannabis: Cross-sectional analysis of the international cannabis policy study. BMJ Open, 14(1), e077908. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2023-077908","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"3","key":"1579_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.15288\/jsad.23-00379","volume":"86","author":"MH Meier","year":"2025","unstructured":"Meier, M. H., Hummel, H. M., & Miller, M. L. (2025). Trends in cannabis-related hospitalizations in Arizona from 2016 to 2021 and associations with mental health-related hospitalizations. Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs, 86(3), 436\u2013445. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15288\/jsad.23-00379","journal-title":"Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs"},{"issue":"9","key":"1579_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2022.31937","volume":"5","author":"DT Myran","year":"2022","unstructured":"Myran, D. T., Roberts, R., Pugliese, M., Taljaard, M., Tanuseputro, P., & Pacula, R. L. (2022). Changes in emergency department visits for cannabis hyperemesis syndrome following recreational cannabis legalization and subsequent commercialization in Ontario, Canada. JAMA Network Open, 5(9), Article e2231937. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2022.31937","journal-title":"JAMA Network Open"},{"issue":"4","key":"1579_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1037\/prj0000542","volume":"45","author":"R Petros","year":"2022","unstructured":"Petros, R., Walker, D. D., Davis, A., & Monroe-DeVita, M. (2022). Young adults with psychosis: Intentions for cannabis reduction and cessation based on theory of planned behavior. Psychiatric Rehabilitation Journal, 45(4), 352\u2013361. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/prj0000542","journal-title":"Psychiatric Rehabilitation Journal"},{"key":"1579_CR16","unstructured":"R Core Team. (2024). R: A Language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing. https:\/\/www.r-project.org\/"},{"key":"1579_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2021.106991","volume":"121","author":"J Rup","year":"2021","unstructured":"Rup, J., Freeman, T. P., Perlman, C., & Hammond, D. (2021). Cannabis and mental health: Prevalence of use and modes of cannabis administration by mental health status. Addictive Behaviors, 121, Article 106991. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.addbeh.2021.106991","journal-title":"Addictive Behaviors"},{"key":"1579_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107564","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2019.107564","volume":"204","author":"CP Salas-Wright","year":"2019","unstructured":"Salas-Wright, C. P., Carbone, J. T., Holzer, K. J., & Vaughn, M. G. (2019). Prevalence and correlates of cannabis poisoning diagnosis in a national emergency department sample. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 204, 107564. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2019.107564","journal-title":"Drug and Alcohol Dependence"},{"issue":"3","key":"1579_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbv154","volume":"42","author":"JL Seddon","year":"2016","unstructured":"Seddon, J. L., Birchwood, M., Copello, A., Everard, L., Jones, P. B., Fowler, D., Amos, T., Freemantle, N., Sharma, V., Marshall, M., & Singh, S. P. (2016). Cannabis use is associated with increased psychotic symptoms and poorer psychosocial functioning in first-episode psychosis: A report from the UK National EDEN study. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 42(3), 619\u2013625. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/schbul\/sbv154","journal-title":"Schizophrenia Bulletin"},{"key":"1579_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2024","volume":"267","author":"A Sheitman","year":"2024","unstructured":"Sheitman, A., Bello, I., Montague, E., Scodes, J., Dambreville, R., Wall, M., Nossel, I., & Dixon, L. (2024). Observed trajectories of cannabis use and concurrent longitudinal outcomes in youth and young adults receiving coordinated specialty care for early psychosis. Schizophrenia Research, 267, 313\u2013321. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.schres.2024","journal-title":"Schizophrenia Research"}],"container-title":["Community Mental Health Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10597-025-01579-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10597-025-01579-1","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10597-025-01579-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,4]],"date-time":"2026-07-04T07:53:24Z","timestamp":1783151604000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10597-025-01579-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,16]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]}},"alternative-id":["1579"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10597-025-01579-1","relation":{},"ISSN":["0010-3853","1573-2789"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0010-3853","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-2789","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,16]]},"assertion":[{"value":"26 June 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"8 December 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 January 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"During the preparation of this work the author(s) used Microsoft CoPilot to improve readability of the Introduction and Discussion of the manuscript. After using this tool\/service, the author(s) reviewed and edited the content as needed and take full responsibility for the content of the published article.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declaration of Generative AI and AI-assisted Technologies in the Writing Process"}}]}}