{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T02:57:27Z","timestamp":1790650647297,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790640000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790640000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Community Ment Health J"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Informal caregivers of people with schizophrenia often face substantial psychological burden and limited support. Although psychoeducational family interventions are effective and are recommended by international guidelines, their clinical use is limited by systemic and personal barriers. Digital formats offer a flexible and accessible alternative, but the impact of short, self-guided psychoeducation remains underexplored.<\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>The study aims to evaluate the feasibility and potential effects of a brief, self-guided online psychoeducation program called Angeh\u00f6rigenentlastung Schizophrenie (AES) for caregivers of people with schizophrenia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A single-group, exploratory pilot trial was conducted with informal caregivers (\n                      <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 51) from German-speaking countries. Participants completed baseline and post-intervention assessments during a 4-week period of access to AES. Primary outcomes were changes in caregiver burden and schizophrenia-related knowledge. Correlations between outcomes, caregiving duration, and intervention usage were explored.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Intent-to-treat analysis revealed a significant reduction in caregiver burden with a small effect size (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.014,\n                      <jats:italic>d<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.36) and a significant increase in schizophrenia-related knowledge with a medium effect size (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; .001,\n                      <jats:italic>d<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.56). Significant correlations emerged between the number of modules used and knowledge gain (\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u209b = 0.382,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.020) as well as total time spent with the AES.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Preliminary findings suggest that AES may be a resource-light and accessible tool to reduce caregiver burden and enhance schizophrenia-related knowledge among informal caregivers. The potential clinical relevance of the observed knowledge gain requires further investigation within a randomized controlled trial.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Registry<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>DRKS.de, TRN: DRKS00037486, Registration date: 28 July 2025. Retrospectively registered.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10597-026-01731-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T02:05:50Z","timestamp":1790647550000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Relieving the Burden on Caregivers: A Single-Group, 4-Week Pilot Study Evaluating the Impact of a Brief Online Psychoeducation Program (AES) on Burden Reduction and Schizophrenia-Related Knowledge for Informal Caregivers of Individuals with Schizophrenia in German-Speaking Countries"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-1042-5472","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yannik Fabian","family":"Dicker","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steffen","family":"Moritz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arne","family":"Sibilis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kim Marle","family":"Rojahn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Theil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"1731_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"American Psychiatric Association (2020). The American Psychiatric Association Practice Guideline for the Treatment of Patients With Schizophrenia. 3rd ed., Practice Guidelines. American Psychiatric Association Publishing. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1176\/appi.books.9780890424841","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890424841"},{"key":"1731_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"American Psychiatric Association. (2022). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders: DSM-5-TR (5,5th ed., text rev.). American Psychiatric Association Publishing. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425787","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425787"},{"key":"1731_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1007\/s00391-010-0097-6","volume":"43","author":"M Braun","year":"2010","unstructured":"Braun, M., Scholz, U., Hornung, R., & Martin, M. (2010). Die subjektive Belastung pflegender Ehepartner von Demenzkranken. Z F\u00fcr Gerontol Geriatr, 43, 111\u2013119. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00391-010-0097-6","journal-title":"Z F\u00fcr Gerontol Geriatr"},{"key":"1731_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e50522","DOI":"10.2196\/50522","volume":"10","author":"B Buck","year":"2023","unstructured":"Buck, B., Wingerson, M., Whiting, E., Snyder, J., Monroe-DeVita, M., & Ben-Zeev, D. (2023). User-Centered Development of Bolster, an mHealth Intervention for Early Psychosis Caregivers: Needs Assessment, Prototyping, and Field Trial. JMIR Ment Health, 10, e50522. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2196\/50522","journal-title":"JMIR Ment Health"},{"key":"1731_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.2147\/NDT.S51331","volume":"11","author":"A Caqueo-Ur\u00edzar","year":"2015","unstructured":"Caqueo-Ur\u00edzar, A., Rus-Calafell, M., Urz\u00faa, A., Escudero, J., & Guti\u00e9rrez-Maldonado, J. (2015). The role of family therapy in the management of schizophrenia: challenges and solutions. Neuropsychiatric Disease And Treatment, 11, 145\u2013151. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/NDT.S51331","journal-title":"Neuropsychiatric Disease And Treatment"},{"key":"1731_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2423","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare10122423","volume":"10","author":"CQ Cham","year":"2022","unstructured":"Cham, C. Q., Ibrahim, N., Siau, C. S., Kalaman, C. R., Ho, M. C., Yahya, A. N., Visvalingam, U., Roslan, S., Rahman, A., & Lee, F. N., K.W (2022). Caregiver Burden among Caregivers of Patients with Mental Illness: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Healthcare, 10, 2423. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/healthcare10122423","journal-title":"Healthcare"},{"key":"1731_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2006","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2016.02006","volume":"7","author":"SKW Chan","year":"2016","unstructured":"Chan, S. K. W., Tse, S., Sit, H. L. T., Hui, C. L. M., Lee, E. H. M., Chang, W. C., & Chen, E. Y. H. (2016). Web-Based Psychoeducation Program for Caregivers of First-Episode of Psychosis: An Experience of Chinese Population in Hong Kong. Frontiers In Psychology, 7, 2006. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2016.02006","journal-title":"Frontiers In Psychology"},{"key":"1731_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1111\/jpm.12591","volume":"27","author":"SC Cheng","year":"2020","unstructured":"Cheng, S. C., Backonja, U., Buck, B., Monroe-DeVita, M., & Walsh, E. (2020). Facilitating pathways to care: A qualitative study of the self-reported needs and coping skills of caregivers of young adults diagnosed with early psychosis. Journal Of Psychiatric And Mental Health Nursing, 27, 368\u2013379. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jpm.12591","journal-title":"Journal Of Psychiatric And Mental Health Nursing"},{"key":"1731_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/inm.13421","author":"JYA Chow","year":"2024","unstructured":"Chow, J. Y. A., Yeo, Y. T. T., & Goh, Y. S. (2024). Effects of Psychoeducation on Caregivers of Individuals Experiencing Schizophrenia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Int J Ment Health Nurs n\/a. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/inm.13421","journal-title":"Int J Ment Health Nurs n\/a"},{"key":"1731_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1080\/01612840.2019.1710012","volume":"41","author":"M Cleary","year":"2020","unstructured":"Cleary, M., West, S., Hunt, G. E., McLean, L., & Kornhaber, R. (2020). A Qualitative Systematic Review of Caregivers\u2019 Experiences of Caring for Family Diagnosed with Schizophrenia. Issues In Mental Health Nursing, 41, 667\u2013683. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/01612840.2019.1710012","journal-title":"Issues In Mental Health Nursing"},{"key":"1731_CR11","unstructured":"DGPPN. (2019). (Hrsg.) f\u00fcr die Leitliniengruppe: S3-Leitlinie Schizophrenie. available at: https:\/\/www.awmf.org\/leitlinien\/detail\/ll\/038-009.html"},{"key":"1731_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6907a2","volume":"69","author":"VJ Edwards","year":"2020","unstructured":"Edwards, V. J., Bouldin, E. D., Taylor, C. A., Olivari, B. S., & McGuire, L. C. (2020). Characteristics and Health Status of Informal Unpaid Caregivers\u2009\u2013\u200944 States, District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico, 2015\u20132017. Mmwr. Morbidity And Mortality Weekly Report, 69, 183\u2013188. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15585\/mmwr.mm6907a2","journal-title":"Mmwr. Morbidity And Mortality Weekly Report"},{"key":"1731_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Esmaeeli, M., Mirhosseini, S., Minaei-Moghadam, S., Ghasempour, S., Basirinezhad, M. H., & Ebrahimi, H. (2025). Care burden among Iranian family caregivers of patients with schizophrenia: The predictive role of quality of life and life satisfaction. Frontiers In Psychiatry, 16. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyt.2025.1559786","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2025.1559786"},{"key":"1731_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.3758\/bf03193146","volume":"39","author":"F Faul","year":"2007","unstructured":"Faul, F., Erdfelder, E., Lang, A. G., & Buchner, A. (2007). G*Power 3: a flexible statistical power analysis program for the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences. Behavior Research Methods, 39, 175\u2013191. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3758\/bf03193146","journal-title":"Behavior Research Methods"},{"key":"1731_CR17","volume-title":"Handbuch der Psychoedukation f\u00fcr Psychiatrie, Psychotherapie und Psychosomatische Medizin","author":"H Gunia","year":"2016","unstructured":"Gunia, H., & Berger, H. (2016). Psychoedukative Familienintervention (PEFI) bei schizophrenen Psychosen \u2013 als Beispiel einer Familienintervention. In H. B\u00e4uml, B. Behrendt, P. Henningsen, & G. Pitschel-Walz (Hrsg.) Handbuch der Psychoedukation f\u00fcr Psychiatrie, Psychotherapie und Psychosomatische Medizin. Schattauer."},{"key":"1731_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-015-0547-1","volume":"15","author":"S Gupta","year":"2015","unstructured":"Gupta, S., Isherwood, G., Jones, K., & Van Impe, K. (2015). Assessing health status in informal schizophrenia caregivers compared with health status in non-caregivers and caregivers of other conditions. Bmc Psychiatry, 15, 162. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12888-015-0547-1","journal-title":"Bmc Psychiatry"},{"key":"1731_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.34171\/mjiri.33.54","volume":"33","author":"A Hajebi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hajebi, A., Naserbakht, M., & Minoletti, A. (2019). Burden experienced by caregivers of schizophrenia patients and its related factors. Med J Islam Repub Iran, 33, 54. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.34171\/mjiri.33.54","journal-title":"Med J Islam Repub Iran"},{"key":"1731_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apnu.2022.09.001","volume":"41","author":"A Issac","year":"2022","unstructured":"Issac, A., Nayak, S. G., Yesodharan, R., & Sequira, L. (2022). Needs, challenges, and coping strategies among primary caregivers of schizophrenia patient: A systematic review & meta-synthesis. Archives Of Psychiatric Nursing, 41, 317\u2013332. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.apnu.2022.09.001","journal-title":"Archives Of Psychiatric Nursing"},{"key":"1731_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5864","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19105864","volume":"19","author":"P Janson","year":"2022","unstructured":"Janson, P., Willeke, K., Zaibert, L., Budnick, A., Bergh\u00f6fer, A., Kittel-Schneider, S., Heuschmann, P. U., Zapf, A., Wildner, M., Stupp, C., & Keil, T. (2022). Mortality, Morbidity and Health-Related Outcomes in Informal Caregivers Compared to Non-Caregivers: A Systematic Review. International Journal Of Environmental Research And Public Health, 19, 5864. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph19105864","journal-title":"International Journal Of Environmental Research And Public Health"},{"key":"1731_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"670","DOI":"10.1177\/00207640211001886","volume":"68","author":"Y Kara\u00e7ar","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kara\u00e7ar, Y., & Bademli, K. (2022). Relationship between perceived social support and self stigma in caregivers of patients with schizophrenia. International Journal Of Social Psychiatry, 68, 670\u2013680. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/00207640211001886","journal-title":"International Journal Of Social Psychiatry"},{"issue":"5","key":"1731_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1330","DOI":"10.1080\/07317115.2021.1940409","volume":"45","author":"K Karagiozi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Karagiozi, K., Margaritidou, P., Tsatali, M., Marina, M., Dimitriou, T., Apostolidis, H., Tsiatsos, T., & Tsolaki, M. (2022). Comparison of on Site versus Online Psycho Education Groups and Reducing Caregiver Burden. Clin Gerontol, 45(5), 1330\u20131340. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/07317115.2021.1940409","journal-title":"Clin Gerontol"},{"key":"1731_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1598","DOI":"10.1111\/inm.13198","volume":"32","author":"SH Kim","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kim, S. H., & Park, S. (2023). Effectiveness of family interventions for patients with schizophrenia: A systematic review and meta-analysis. International Journal Of Mental Health Nursing, 32, 1598\u20131615. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/inm.13198","journal-title":"International Journal Of Mental Health Nursing"},{"key":"1731_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e25480","DOI":"10.2196\/25480","volume":"23","author":"A Laine","year":"2021","unstructured":"Laine, A., Anttila, M., Hirvonen, H., & V\u00e4lim\u00e4ki, M. (2021). Feasibility of a Web-Based Psychoeducation Course and Experiences of Caregivers Living With a Person With Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorder: Mixed Methods Study. Journal Of Medical Internet Research, 23, e25480. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2196\/25480","journal-title":"Journal Of Medical Internet Research"},{"key":"1731_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.4103\/0253-7176.112205","volume":"35","author":"VO Lasebikan","year":"2013","unstructured":"Lasebikan, V. O., & Ayinde, O. O. (2013). Family Burden in Caregivers of Schizophrenia Patients: Prevalence and Socio-demographic Correlates. Indian J Psychol Med, 35, 60\u201366. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/0253-7176.112205","journal-title":"Indian J Psychol Med"},{"key":"1731_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1038\/s44159-021-00003-1","volume":"1","author":"EG Lattie","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lattie, E. G., Stiles-Shields, C., & Graham, A. K. (2022). An overview of and recommendations for more accessible digital mental health services. Nat Rev Psychol, 1, 87\u2013100. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s44159-021-00003-1","journal-title":"Nat Rev Psychol"},{"key":"1731_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e63743","DOI":"10.2196\/63743","volume":"11","author":"PS M\u00fcnchenberg","year":"2024","unstructured":"M\u00fcnchenberg, P. S., Yessimova, D., Panteli, D., & Kurth, T. (2024). Digital Health Interventions for Informal Family Caregivers of People With First-Episode Psychosis: Systematic Review on User Experience and Effectiveness. JMIR Ment Health, 11, e63743. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2196\/63743","journal-title":"JMIR Ment Health"},{"key":"1731_CR30","unstructured":"National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) (2014). NICE clinical guideline 178 \u2013 psychosis and schizophrenia in adults: treatment and management - issued February 2014, last modified: March 2014. https:\/\/guidance.nice.org.uk\/cg178"},{"key":"1731_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"OECD. (2023). Health at a Glance 2023: OECD Indicators, Health at a Glance. OECD. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1787\/7a7afb35-en","DOI":"10.1787\/7a7afb35-en"},{"key":"1731_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2167096","DOI":"10.1155\/2023\/2167096","volume":"2023","author":"AJ Okafor","year":"2023","unstructured":"Okafor, A. J., & Monahan, M. (2023). Effectiveness of Psychoeducation on Burden among Family Caregivers of Adults with Schizophrenia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Nurs Res Pract, 2023, e2167096. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2023\/2167096","journal-title":"Nurs Res Pract"},{"key":"1731_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1177\/0020764014535751","volume":"61","author":"S Outram","year":"2015","unstructured":"Outram, S., Harris, G., Kelly, B., Bylund, C. L., Cohen, M., Landa, Y., Levin, T., Sandhu, H., Vamos, M., & Loughland, C. (2015). We didn\u2019t have a clue\u2019: Family caregivers\u2019 experiences of the communication of a diagnosis of schizophrenia. International Journal Of Social Psychiatry, 61, 10\u201316. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0020764014535751","journal-title":"International Journal Of Social Psychiatry"},{"key":"1731_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1862","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19031862","volume":"19","author":"MM Peng","year":"2022","unstructured":"Peng, M. M., Xing, J., Tang, X., Wu, Q., Wei, D., & Ran, M. S. (2022). Disease-Related Risk Factors for Caregiver Burden among Family Caregivers of Persons with Schizophrenia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. International Journal Of Environmental Research And Public Health, 19, 1862. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph19031862","journal-title":"International Journal Of Environmental Research And Public Health"},{"key":"1731_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(21)00437-5","volume":"9","author":"A Rodolico","year":"2022","unstructured":"Rodolico, A., Bighelli, I., Avanzato, C., Concerto, C., Cutrufelli, P., Mineo, L., Schneider-Thoma, J., Siafis, S., Signorelli, M. S., Wu, H., Wang, D., Furukawa, T. A., Pitschel-Walz, G., Aguglia, E., & Leucht, S. (2022). Family interventions for relapse prevention in schizophrenia: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Lancet Psychiatry, 9, 211\u2013221. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2215-0366(21)00437-5","journal-title":"Lancet Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"1731_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1093\/geront\/gnu177","volume":"55","author":"DL Roth","year":"2015","unstructured":"Roth, D. L., Fredman, L., & Haley, W. E. (2015). Informal caregiving and its impact on health: A reappraisal from population-based studies. The Gerontologist, 55(2), 309\u2013319. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/geront\/gnu177","journal-title":"The Gerontologist"},{"key":"1731_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1080\/08952841.2019.1700728","volume":"32","author":"AM Rodr\u00edguez-Gonz\u00e1lez","year":"2020","unstructured":"Rodr\u00edguez-Gonz\u00e1lez, A. M., & Rodr\u00edguez-M\u00edguez, E. (2020). A meta-analysis of the association between caregiver burden and the dependent\u2019s illness. Journal Of Women & Aging, 32, 220\u2013235. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/08952841.2019.1700728","journal-title":"Journal Of Women & Aging"},{"key":"1731_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Rus-Calafell, M., Teismann, T., Kullmann, F., Alatas, D., Ballero-Reque, C., Holewa, J., R\u00fcsberg, M., Br\u00fcne, M., Paino, M., & Schneider, S. (2024). Internet-based psychoeducation and support programme for relatives of young people with early psychosis: results of the first German-language intervention. Frontiers In Psychiatry, 15. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyt.2024.1248526","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2024.1248526"},{"key":"1731_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e129","DOI":"10.1017\/S2045796020000426","volume":"29","author":"F Schuster","year":"2020","unstructured":"Schuster, F., Holzh\u00fcter, F., Heres, S., & Hamann, J. (2020). Caregiver involvement in psychiatric inpatient treatment \u2013 a representative survey among triads of patients, caregivers and hospital psychiatrists. Epidemiol Psychiatr Sci, 29, e129. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S2045796020000426","journal-title":"Epidemiol Psychiatr Sci"},{"key":"1731_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e14374","DOI":"10.2196\/14374","volume":"21","author":"J Sin","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sin, J., Henderson, C., Woodham, L. A., Hern\u00e1ndez, A. S., & Gillard, S. (2019). A Multicomponent eHealth Intervention for Family Carers for People Affected by Psychosis: A Coproduced Design and Build Study. Journal Of Medical Internet Research, 21, e14374. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2196\/14374","journal-title":"Journal Of Medical Internet Research"},{"key":"1731_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e320","DOI":"10.1016\/S2589-7500(22)00031-0","volume":"4","author":"J Sin","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sin, J., Henderson, C., Elkes, J., Cornelius, V., Woodham, L. A., Batchelor, R., Chen, T., Corredor, A. M., Coughlan, D., Dhital, R., Evans, S., Haider, B., Heathcote, J., Mansfield, S., O\u2019Brien, A., Qassim, M., Sserunkuma, J., Travis, C. H., Williams, E., & Gillard, S. (2022). Effect of digital psychoeducation and peer support on the mental health of family carers supporting individuals with psychosis in England (COPe-support): a randomised clinical trial. Lancet Digit Health, 4, e320\u2013e329. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2589-7500(22)00031-0","journal-title":"Lancet Digit Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"1731_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.3928\/02793695-20220804-02","volume":"61","author":"D Sustrami","year":"2023","unstructured":"Sustrami, D., Yusuf, A., Fitryasari, R., Suhardiningsih, A. V. S., & Arifin, H. (2023). Determinants of Burden in Family Caregivers of Individuals With Schizophrenia: A Systematic Review. J of Psychosoc Nurs and Ment Health Serv, 61(2), 38\u201343. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3928\/02793695-20220804-02","journal-title":"J of Psychosoc Nurs and Ment Health Serv"},{"key":"1731_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1111\/jpm.13126","volume":"32","author":"JY Tay","year":"2025","unstructured":"Tay, J. Y., Li, Z., & Goh, Y. S. (2025). Experiences of Informal Caregivers Caring for Individuals With Chronic Schizophrenia in Asia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Synthesis. Journal Of Psychiatric And Mental Health Nursing, 32, 487\u2013563. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jpm.13126","journal-title":"Journal Of Psychiatric And Mental Health Nursing"},{"issue":"8","key":"1731_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e43052","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.43052","volume":"15","author":"B Theng","year":"2023","unstructured":"Theng, B., Tran, J. T., Serag, H., Raji, M., Tzeng, H-M., Shih, M., & Lee, W-C. (2023). Understanding Caregiver Challenges: A Comprehensive Exploration of Available Resources to Alleviate Caregiving Burdens. Cureus, 15(8), e43052. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.43052","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"1731_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1002\/wps.20883","volume":"20","author":"J Torous","year":"2021","unstructured":"Torous, J., Bucci, S., Bell, I. H., Kessing, L. V., Faurholt-Jepsen, M., Whelan, P., Carvalho, A. F., Keshavan, M., Linardon, J., & Firth, J. (2021). The growing field of digital psychiatry: current evidence and the future of apps, social media, chatbots, and virtual reality. World Psychiatry, 20, 318\u2013335. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/wps.20883","journal-title":"World Psychiatry"},{"key":"1731_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Wagner, E. (2021). Psychische St\u00f6rungen verstehen: Orientierungshilfe f\u00fcr Angeh\u00f6rige. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-662-63156-0","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-662-63156-0"},{"issue":"1","key":"1731_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e42864","DOI":"10.2196\/42864","volume":"25","author":"A Werntz","year":"2023","unstructured":"Werntz, A., Amado, S., Jasman, M., Ervin, A., & Rhodes, J. E. (2023). Providing Human Support for the Use of Digital Mental Health Interventions: Systematic Meta-review. J of Med Internet Res, 25(1), e42864. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2196\/42864","journal-title":"J of Med Internet Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"1731_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"824","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-024-06239-4","volume":"24","author":"H Yao","year":"2024","unstructured":"Yao, H., Li, K., Li, C., Hu, S., Huang, Z., Chen, J., & Xu, Y. (2024). Caregiving burden, depression, and anxiety in informal caregivers of people with mental illness in China: A cross-sectional survey. Bmc Psychiatry, 24(1), 824. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12888-024-06239-4","journal-title":"Bmc Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"1731_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.5152\/npa.2015.9963","volume":"53","author":"E Yazici","year":"2016","unstructured":"Yazici, E., Karabulut, \u00dc., Yildiz, M., Baskan Tekes, S., \u0130nan, E., \u00c7akir, U., Bo\u015fgelmez, \u015e., & Turgut, C. (2016). Burden on Caregivers of Patients with Schizophrenia and Related Factors. N\u00f6ro Psikiyatri Ar\u015fivi, 53(2), 96\u2013101. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5152\/npa.2015.9963","journal-title":"N\u00f6ro Psikiyatri Ar\u015fivi"},{"key":"1731_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Yu, Y., Liu, Z., Zhou, W., Chen, X., Zhang, X., Hu, M., & Xiao, S. (2018). Assessment of Burden Among Family Caregivers of Schizophrenia: Psychometric Testing for Short-Form Zarit Burden Interviews. Frontiers In Psychology, 9. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2018.02539","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2018.02539"},{"key":"1731_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2525","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136-019-02208-7","volume":"28","author":"Y Yu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Yu, Y., Liu, Z. W., Zhou, W., Zhao, M., Qiu, D., Li, Y. L., & Xiao, S. Y. (2019). Cutoff of the Zarit Burden Interview in predicting depression and anxiety. Quality Of Life Research, 28, 2525\u20132533. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11136-019-02208-7","journal-title":"Quality Of Life Research"},{"key":"1731_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1186\/s12955-020-01335-x","volume":"18","author":"Y Yu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yu, Y., Liu, Z., Li, T., Zhou, W., Xi, S., Xiao, S., & Tebes, J. K. (2020). A comparison of psychometric properties of two common measures of caregiving burden: the family burden interview schedule (FBIS-24) and the Zarit caregiver burden interview (ZBI-22). Health And Quality Of Life Outcomes, 18, 94. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12955-020-01335-x","journal-title":"Health And Quality Of Life Outcomes"},{"issue":"1","key":"1731_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1080\/17437199.2025.2547610","volume":"20","author":"NH Zainal","year":"2026","unstructured":"Zainal, N. H., Wang, V., Garthwaite, B., & Curtiss, J. E. (2026). What factors are related to engagement with digital mental health interventions (DMHIs)? A meta-analysis of 117 trials. Health Psychol Rev, 20(1), 151\u2013171. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/17437199.2025.2547610","journal-title":"Health Psychol Rev"},{"key":"1731_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1093\/geront\/20.6.649","volume":"20","author":"SH Zarit","year":"1980","unstructured":"Zarit, S. H., Reever, K. E., & Bach-Peterson, J. (1980). Relatives of the Impaired Elderly: Correlates of Feelings of Burden. The Gerontologist, 20, 649\u2013655. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/geront\/20.6.649","journal-title":"The Gerontologist"},{"key":"1731_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Zhou, Z., Wang, Y., Feng, P., Li, T., Tebes, J. K., Luan, R., & Yu, Y. (2021). Associations of Caregiving Knowledge and Skills With Caregiver Burden, Psychological Well-Being, and Coping Styles Among Primary Family Caregivers of People Living With Schizophrenia in China. Frontiers In Psychiatry, 12. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyt.2021.631420","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2021.631420"}],"container-title":["Community Mental Health Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10597-026-01731-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10597-026-01731-5","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10597-026-01731-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T02:05:53Z","timestamp":1790647553000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10597-026-01731-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]]},"references-count":52,"alternative-id":["1731"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10597-026-01731-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["0010-3853","1573-2789"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0010-3853","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-2789","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]]},"assertion":[{"value":"21 March 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 September 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"29 September 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"This study was performed in line with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Approval was granted by and retrospectively registered on the German Clinical Trials Register at the Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices (DRKS-ID: DRKS00037486).","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethics Approval","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent to Participate","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"During the preparation of this work the authors used Academic AI to improve the manuscript\u2019s readability and language. After using this tool, the authors reviewed and edited the content as needed and take full responsibility for the content of the published article.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Generative AI","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing Interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}]}}