{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T18:24:57Z","timestamp":1778005497768,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,2,14]],"date-time":"2008-02-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1202947200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Dig Dis Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,10]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-007-0190-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,2,13]],"date-time":"2008-02-13T22:29:58Z","timestamp":1202941798000},"page":"2754-2760","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Racial Differences in Disease Extent and Severity in Patients with Ulcerative Colitis: A Retrospective Cohort Study"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"53","author":[{"given":"Mark H.","family":"Flasar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sandra","family":"Quezada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Priti","family":"Bijpuria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Raymond K.","family":"Cross","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,2,14]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"190_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"748","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(19)34348-3","volume":"51","author":"AI Mendeloff","year":"1966","unstructured":"Mendeloff AI, Monk M, Siegel CI et\u00a0al (1966) Some epidemiological features of ulcerative colitis and regional enteritis. A preliminary report. Gastroenterology 51(5):748\u2013756","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"12","key":"190_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9681(71)90087-7","volume":"24","author":"BH Rogers","year":"1971","unstructured":"Rogers BH, Clark LM, Kirsner JB (1971) The epidemiologic and demographic characteristics of inflammatory bowel disease: an analysis of a computerized file of 1400 patients. J Chronic Dis 24(12):743\u2013773","journal-title":"J Chronic Dis"},{"issue":"10","key":"190_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"913","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01312480","volume":"29","author":"BM Calkins","year":"1984","unstructured":"Calkins BM, Lilienfeld AM, Garland CF et\u00a0al (1984) Trends in incidence rates of ulcerative colitis and Crohn\u2019s disease. Dig Dis Sci 29(10):913\u2013920","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"issue":"5","key":"190_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1097\/00004836-198810000-00007","volume":"10","author":"BR Pinchbeck","year":"1988","unstructured":"Pinchbeck BR, Kirdeikis J, Thomson AB (1988) Inflammatory bowel disease in northern Alberta. An epidemiologic study. J Clin Gastroenterol 10(5):505\u2013515","journal-title":"J Clin Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"5","key":"190_CR5","first-page":"541","volume":"149","author":"RA Hiatt","year":"1988","unstructured":"Hiatt RA, Kaufman L (1988) Epidemiology of inflammatory bowel disease in a defined northern California population. West J Med 149(5):541\u2013546","journal-title":"West J Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"190_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(90)91297-J","volume":"98","author":"SP Stowe","year":"1990","unstructured":"Stowe SP, Redmond SR, Stormont JM et\u00a0al (1990) An epidemiologic study of inflammatory bowel disease in Rochester, New York. Hospital incidence. Gastroenterology 98(1):104\u2013110","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"3","key":"190_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.46.3.336","volume":"46","author":"EV Loftus Jr.","year":"2000","unstructured":"Loftus EV Jr., Silverstein MD, Sandborn WJ et\u00a0al (2000) Ulcerative colitis in Olmsted County, Minnesota, 1940\u20131993: incidence, prevalence, and survival. Gut 46(3):336\u2013343","journal-title":"Gut"},{"issue":"10","key":"190_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"916","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a009735","volume":"149","author":"CN Bernstein","year":"1999","unstructured":"Bernstein CN, Blanchard JF, Rawsthorne P et\u00a0al (1999) Epidemiology of Crohn\u2019s disease and ulcerative colitis in a central Canadian province: a population-based study. Am J Epidemiol 149(10):916\u2013924","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"190_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/154.4.328","volume":"154","author":"JF Blanchard","year":"2001","unstructured":"Blanchard JF, Bernstein CN, Wajda A et\u00a0al (2001) Small-area variations and sociodemographic correlates for the incidence of Crohn\u2019s disease and ulcerative colitis. Am J Epidemiol 154(4):328\u2013335","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"190_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(98)70187-8","volume":"133","author":"SO Ogunbi","year":"1998","unstructured":"Ogunbi SO, Ransom JA, Sullivan K et\u00a0al (1998) Inflammatory bowel disease in African-American children living in Georgia. J Pediatr 133(1):103\u2013107","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"issue":"1","key":"190_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(91)90594-B","volume":"100","author":"A Sonnenberg","year":"1991","unstructured":"Sonnenberg A, McCarty DJ, Jacobsen SJ (1991) Geographic variation of inflammatory bowel disease within the United States. Gastroenterology 100(1):143\u2013149","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"1","key":"190_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(91)90468-Z","volume":"101","author":"A Sonnenberg","year":"1991","unstructured":"Sonnenberg A, Wasserman IH (1991) Epidemiology of inflammatory bowel disease among U.S. military veterans. Gastroenterology 101(1):122\u2013130","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"10","key":"190_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2254","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2005.00233.x","volume":"100","author":"D Basu","year":"2005","unstructured":"Basu D, Lopez I, Kulkarni A et\u00a0al (2005) Impact of race and ethnicity on inflammatory bowel disease. Am J Gastroenterol 100(10):2254\u20132261","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"190_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.3109\/00365528909091339","volume":"170","author":"JE Lennard-Jones","year":"1989","unstructured":"Lennard-Jones JE (1989) Classification of inflammatory bowel disease. Scand J Gastroenterol Suppl 170:2\u20136; discussion 16\u20139","journal-title":"Scand J Gastroenterol Suppl"},{"issue":"7","key":"190_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ibd.0000225345.29603.7d","volume":"12","author":"MF Picco","year":"2006","unstructured":"Picco MF, Krishna M, Cangemi JR et\u00a0al (2006) Oral mesalamine and clinical remission are associated with a decrease in the extent of long-standing ulcerative colitis. Inflamm Bowel Dis 12(7):537\u2013542","journal-title":"Inflamm Bowel Dis"},{"issue":"6","key":"190_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2005.082909","volume":"55","author":"J Satsangi","year":"2006","unstructured":"Satsangi J, Silverberg MS, Vermeire S et\u00a0al (2006) The Montreal classification of inflammatory bowel disease: controversies, consensus, and implications. Gut 55(6):749\u2013753","journal-title":"Gut"},{"issue":"3","key":"190_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"940","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2006.01.048","volume":"130","author":"GR Lichtenstein","year":"2006","unstructured":"Lichtenstein GR, Abreu MT, Cohen R et\u00a0al (2006) American gastroenterological association institute technical review on corticosteroids, immunomodulators, and infliximab in inflammatory bowel disease. Gastroenterology 130(3):940\u2013987","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"5","key":"190_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1012","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2006.00504.x","volume":"101","author":"GC Nguyen","year":"2006","unstructured":"Nguyen GC, Torres EA, Regueiro M et\u00a0al (2006) Inflammatory bowel disease characteristics among African Americans, Hispanics, and non-Hispanic Whites: characterization of a large North American cohort. Am J Gastroenterol 101(5):1012\u20131023","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"2","key":"190_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2000.t01-1-01770.x","volume":"95","author":"G Meucci","year":"2000","unstructured":"Meucci G, Vecchi M, Astegiano M et\u00a0al (2000) The natural history of ulcerative proctitis: a multicenter, retrospective study. Gruppo di Studio per le Malattie Infiammatorie Intestinali (GSMII). Am J Gastroenterol 95(2):469\u2013473","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"6","key":"190_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1564","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.1999.01145.x","volume":"94","author":"B Moum","year":"1999","unstructured":"Moum B, Ekbom A, Vatn MH et\u00a0al (1999) Change in the extent of colonoscopic and histological involvement in ulcerative colitis over time. Am J Gastroenterol 94(6):1564\u20131569","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"12","key":"190_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1507","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2006.09.026","volume":"4","author":"GC Nguyen","year":"2006","unstructured":"Nguyen GC, Laveist TA, Gearhart S et\u00a0al (2006) Racial and geographic variations in colectomy rates among hospitalized ulcerative colitis patients. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 4(12):1507\u20131513","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"3","key":"190_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.3109\/00365529609004876","volume":"31","author":"E Langholz","year":"1996","unstructured":"Langholz E, Munkholm P, Davidsen M et\u00a0al (1996) Changes in extent of ulcerative colitis: a study on the course and prognostic factors. Scand J Gastroenterol 31(3):260\u2013266","journal-title":"Scand J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"26","key":"190_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1625","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198712243172603","volume":"317","author":"KW Schroeder","year":"1987","unstructured":"Schroeder KW, Tremaine WJ, Ilstrup DM (1987) Coated oral 5-aminosalicylic acid therapy for mildly to moderately active ulcerative colitis. A randomized study. N Engl J Med 317(26):1625\u20131629","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"190_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1894","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(87)90621-4","volume":"92","author":"LR Sutherland","year":"1987","unstructured":"Sutherland LR, Martin F, Greer S et\u00a0al (1987) 5-Aminosalicylic acid enema in the treatment of distal ulcerative colitis, proctosigmoiditis, and proctitis. Gastroenterology 92(6):1894\u20131898","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"6","key":"190_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01296733","volume":"27","author":"J Powell-Tuck","year":"1982","unstructured":"Powell-Tuck J, Day DW, Buckell NA et\u00a0al (1982) Correlations between defined sigmoidoscopic appearances and other measures of disease activity in ulcerative colitis. Dig Dis Sci 27(6):533\u2013537","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"190_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.43.1.29","volume":"43","author":"RS Walmsley","year":"1998","unstructured":"Walmsley RS, Ayres RC, Pounder RE et\u00a0al (1998) A simple clinical colitis activity index. Gut 43(1):29\u201332","journal-title":"Gut"},{"issue":"2","key":"190_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2005.40641.x","volume":"100","author":"PD Higgins","year":"2005","unstructured":"Higgins PD, Schwartz M, Mapili J et\u00a0al (2005) Is endoscopy necessary for the measurement of disease activity in ulcerative colitis? Am J Gastroenterol 100(2):355\u2013361","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"2","key":"190_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.2001.26279","volume":"121","author":"WA Faubion Jr","year":"2001","unstructured":"Faubion WA Jr, Loftus EV Jr, Harmsen WS et\u00a0al (2001) The natural history of corticosteroid therapy for inflammatory bowel disease: a population-based study. Gastroenterology 121(2):255\u2013260","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"190_CR29","first-page":"A","volume":"130","author":"DBF Hommes","year":"2006","unstructured":"Hommes DBF, van Assche G, Caenepeel F, Vergauwe P (2006) The ideal management of Crohn\u2019s disease: top-down versus step-up strategies, a randomized controlled trial. Gastroenterology 130:A-108","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"}],"container-title":["Digestive Diseases and Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10620-007-0190-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10620-007-0190-x\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10620-007-0190-x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,30]],"date-time":"2019-05-30T19:43:41Z","timestamp":1559245421000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10620-007-0190-x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,2,14]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,10]]}},"alternative-id":["190"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10620-007-0190-x","relation":{},"ISSN":["0163-2116","1573-2568"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0163-2116","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-2568","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,2,14]]}}}