{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,12]],"date-time":"2026-02-12T13:20:02Z","timestamp":1770902402115,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,6]],"date-time":"2014-04-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1396742400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Dig Dis Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,6]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-013-2995-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,5]],"date-time":"2014-04-05T05:55:01Z","timestamp":1396677301000},"page":"1330-1337","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Can \u201cHealthy\u201d Normal Alanine Aminotransferase Levels Identify the Metabolically Obese Phenotype? Findings from The Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2008\u20132010"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"59","author":[{"given":"Hee Yeon","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chang Wook","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chang Don","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jong Young","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chung-Hwa","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Si Hyun","family":"Bae","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Seung Kew","family":"Yoon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kyungdo","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yong-Moon","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"2995_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.14.3.173","volume":"14","author":"RA DeFronzo","year":"1991","unstructured":"DeFronzo RA, Ferrannini E. Insulin resistance. A multifaceted syndrome responsible for NIDDM, obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Diabetes Care. 1991;14:173\u2013194.","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2995_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1093","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1742-1241.2006.01003.x","volume":"60","author":"KA Naser","year":"2006","unstructured":"Naser KA, Gruber A, Thomson GA. The emerging pandemic of obesity and diabetes: are we doing enough to prevent a disaster? Int J Clin Pract. 2006;60:1093\u20131097.","journal-title":"Int J Clin Pract"},{"key":"2995_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4075","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2007-2724","volume":"93","author":"CA Aguilar-Salinas","year":"2008","unstructured":"Aguilar-Salinas CA, Garcia EG, Robles L, et al. High adiponectin concentrations are associated with the metabolically healthy obese phenotype. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2008;93:4075\u20134079.","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2995_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1609","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.168.15.1609","volume":"168","author":"N Stefan","year":"2008","unstructured":"Stefan N, Kantartzis K, Machann J, et al. Identification and characterization of metabolically benign obesity in humans. Arch Intern Med. 2008;168:1609\u20131616.","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"2995_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.47.5.699","volume":"47","author":"N Ruderman","year":"1998","unstructured":"Ruderman N, Chisholm D, Pi-Sunyer X, et al. The metabolically obese, normal-weight individual revisited. Diabetes. 1998;47:699\u2013713.","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"2995_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1016\/S0027-9684(15)30141-3","volume":"104","author":"TR Gaillard","year":"2012","unstructured":"Gaillard TR, Schuster D, Osei K. Characterization of metabolically unhealthy overweight\/obese African American women: significance of insulin-sensitive and insulin-resistant phenotypes. J Natl Med Assoc. 2012;104:164\u2013171.","journal-title":"J Natl Med Assoc"},{"key":"2995_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2011.04085.x","volume":"75","author":"SH Lee","year":"2011","unstructured":"Lee SH, Ha HS, Park YJ, et al. Identifying metabolically obese but normal-weight (MONW) individuals in a nondiabetic Korean population: the Chungju Metabolic disease Cohort (CMC) study. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2011;75:475\u2013481.","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"key":"2995_CR8","first-page":"4","volume":"17","author":"JP Bastard","year":"2006","unstructured":"Bastard JP, Maachi M, Lagathu C, et al. Recent advances in the relationship between obesity, inflammation, and insulin resistance. Eur Cytokine Netw. 2006;17:4\u201312.","journal-title":"Eur Cytokine Netw"},{"key":"2995_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.3349\/ymj.2006.47.4.542","volume":"47","author":"HC Kim","year":"2006","unstructured":"Kim HC, Choi KS, Jang YH, et al. Normal serum aminotransferase levels and the metabolic syndrome: Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys. Yonsei Med J. 2006;47:542\u2013550.","journal-title":"Yonsei Med J"},{"key":"2995_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1814","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2007.08.077","volume":"133","author":"A Fraser","year":"2007","unstructured":"Fraser A, Longnecker MP, Lawlor DA. Prevalence of elevated alanine aminotransferase among US adolescents and associated factors: NHANES 1999\u20132004. Gastroenterology. 2007;133:1814\u20131820.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"2995_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1731","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2009.05.028","volume":"58","author":"SY Suh","year":"2009","unstructured":"Suh SY, Choi SE, Ahn HY, et al. The association between normal alanine aminotransferase levels and the metabolic syndrome: 2005 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Metabolism. 2009;58:1731\u20131736.","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"2995_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1266","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200004273421707","volume":"342","author":"DS Pratt","year":"2000","unstructured":"Pratt DS, Kaplan MM. Evaluation of abnormal liver-enzyme results in asymptomatic patients. N Engl J Med. 2000;342:1266\u20131271.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2995_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2009.06.020","volume":"59","author":"V Messier","year":"2010","unstructured":"Messier V, Karelis AD, Robillard ME, et al. Metabolically healthy but obese individuals: relationship with hepatic enzymes. Metabolism. 2010;59:20\u201324.","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"2995_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-137-1-200207020-00006","volume":"137","author":"D Prati","year":"2002","unstructured":"Prati D, Taioli E, Zanella A, et al. Updated definitions of healthy ranges for serum alanine aminotransferase levels. Ann Intern Med. 2002;137:1\u201310.","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"2995_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1577","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.23505","volume":"51","author":"JK Lee","year":"2010","unstructured":"Lee JK, Shim JH, Lee HC, et al. Estimation of the healthy upper limits for serum alanine aminotransferase in Asian populations with normal liver histology. Hepatology. 2010;51:1577\u20131583.","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"2995_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1746.2010.06481.x","volume":"26","author":"HS Kang","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kang HS, Um SH, Seo YS, et al. Healthy range for serum ALT and the clinical significance of \u201cunhealthy\u201d normal ALT levels in the Korean population. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2011;26:292\u2013299.","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"2995_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2012.10.011","volume":"99","author":"HA Kim","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kim HA, Lee SY, Kwon HS, et al. Gender differences in the association of insulin resistance with metabolic risk factors among Korean adolescents: Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2008\u20132010. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2013;99:54\u201362.","journal-title":"Diabetes Res Clin Pract"},{"key":"2995_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.4093\/dmj.2011.35.6.587","volume":"35","author":"YJ Choi","year":"2011","unstructured":"Choi YJ, Lee MS, An SY, et al. The relationship between diabetes mellitus and health-related quality of life in Korean adults: The Fourth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2007\u20132009). Diabetes Metab J. 2011;35:587\u2013594.","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab J"},{"key":"2995_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Expert Committee on the Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus (2003) Report of the expert committee on the diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Care. 2003;26:S5\u2013S20.","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.26.2007.S5"},{"key":"2995_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.110.001867","volume":"94","author":"CH Kim","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kim CH, Park HS, Park M, et al. Optimal cutoffs of percentage body fat for predicting obesity-related cardiovascular disease risk factors in Korean adults. Am J Clin Nutr. 2011;94:34\u201339.","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"2995_CR21","unstructured":"WHO (2000) The Asia\u2013Pacific perspective: redefining obesity and its treatment. World Health Organization, Geneva."},{"key":"2995_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1640","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.192644","volume":"120","author":"KG Alberti","year":"2009","unstructured":"Alberti KG, Eckel RH, Grundy SM, et al. Harmonizing the metabolic syndrome: a joint interim statement of the International Diabetes Federation Task Force on Epidemiology and Prevention; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; American Heart Association; World Heart Federation; International Atherosclerosis Society; and International Association for the Study of Obesity. Circulation. 2009;120:1640\u20131645.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2995_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00280883","volume":"28","author":"DR Matthews","year":"1985","unstructured":"Matthews DR, Hosker JP, Rudenski AS, et al. Homeostasis model assessment: insulin resistance and beta-cell function from fasting plasma glucose and insulin concentrations in man. Diabetologia. 1985;28:412\u2013419.","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"2995_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1464-5491.1999.00059.x","volume":"16","author":"B Balkau","year":"1999","unstructured":"Balkau B, Charles MA. Comment on the provisional report from the WHO consultation. European Group for the Study of Insulin Resistance (EGIR). Diabet Med. 1999;16:442\u2013443.","journal-title":"Diabet Med"},{"key":"2995_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2201","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2005.41822.x","volume":"100","author":"E Elinav","year":"2005","unstructured":"Elinav E, Ben-Dov IZ, Ackerman E, et al. Correlation between serum alanine aminotransferase activity and age: an inverted U curve pattern. Am J Gastroenterol. 2005;100:2201\u20132204.","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"2995_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1077","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/21.8.1077","volume":"21","author":"G Siest","year":"1975","unstructured":"Siest G, Schiele F, Galteau MM, et al. Aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase activities in plasma: statistical distributions, individual variations, and reference values. Clin Chem. 1975;21:1077\u20131087.","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"key":"2995_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03347199","volume":"28","author":"G Marchesini","year":"2005","unstructured":"Marchesini G, Avagnina S, Barantani EG, et al. Aminotransferase and gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase levels in obesity are associated with insulin resistance and the metabolic syndrome. J Endocrinol Invest. 2005;28:333\u2013339.","journal-title":"J Endocrinol Invest"},{"key":"2995_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"721","DOI":"10.3949\/ccjm.75.10.721","volume":"75","author":"CH Kim","year":"2008","unstructured":"Kim CH, Younossi ZM. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a manifestation of the metabolic syndrome. Cleve Clin J Med. 2008;75:721\u2013728.","journal-title":"Cleve Clin J Med"},{"key":"2995_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.54.3.603","volume":"54","author":"KF Petersen","year":"2005","unstructured":"Petersen KF, Dufour S, Befroy D, et al. Reversal of nonalcoholic hepatic steatosis, hepatic insulin resistance, and hyperglycemia by moderate weight reduction in patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes. 2005;54:603\u2013608.","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"2995_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Park JH, Kim SH, Park S, et al. Alanine aminotransferase and metabolic syndrome in adolescents: the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Study. Pediatr Obes. doi: 10.1111\/j.2047-6310.2013.00199.x .","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2047-6310.2013.00199.x"},{"key":"2995_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2007.04.012","volume":"47","author":"C Cerda","year":"2007","unstructured":"Cerda C, Perez-Ayuso RM, Riquelme A, et al. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. J Hepatol. 2007;47:412\u2013417.","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"2995_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"594","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2006.115345","volume":"56","author":"H Volzke","year":"2007","unstructured":"Volzke H, Schwarz S, Baumeister SE, et al. Menopausal status and hepatic steatosis in a general female population. Gut. 2007;56:594\u2013595.","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"2995_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-137-1-200207020-00012","volume":"137","author":"MM Kaplan","year":"2002","unstructured":"Kaplan MM. Alanine aminotransferase levels: what\u2019s normal? Ann Intern Med. 2002;137:49\u201351.","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"2995_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1367","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.2002.36061","volume":"123","author":"RM Green","year":"2002","unstructured":"Green RM, Flamm S. AGA technical review on the evaluation of liver chemistry tests. Gastroenterology. 2002;123:1367\u20131384.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"2995_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2002-30104","volume":"22","author":"C Stedman","year":"2002","unstructured":"Stedman C. Herbal hepatotoxicity. Semin Liver Dis. 2002;22:195\u2013206.","journal-title":"Semin Liver Dis"},{"key":"2995_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1089\/met.2012.0154","volume":"11","author":"V Dimitrijevic-Sreckovic","year":"2013","unstructured":"Dimitrijevic-Sreckovic V, Soldatovic I, Culafic D, et al. Liver function test changes in centrally obese youth with metabolic syndrome in a Serbian population. Metab Syndr Relat Disord. 2013;11:427\u2013433.","journal-title":"Metab Syndr Relat Disord"},{"key":"2995_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e718","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2012-3584","volume":"132","author":"MD Deboer","year":"2013","unstructured":"Deboer MD, Wiener RC, Barnes BH, et al. Ethnic differences in the link between insulin resistance and elevated ALT. Pediatrics. 2013;132:e718\u2013e726.","journal-title":"Pediatrics"}],"container-title":["Digestive Diseases and Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10620-013-2995-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10620-013-2995-0\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10620-013-2995-0","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,17]],"date-time":"2020-08-17T09:44:06Z","timestamp":1597657446000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10620-013-2995-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,6]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,6]]}},"alternative-id":["2995"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10620-013-2995-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["0163-2116","1573-2568"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0163-2116","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-2568","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,6]]}}}