{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,21]],"date-time":"2025-02-21T07:16:12Z","timestamp":1740122172797,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,5]],"date-time":"2019-03-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1551744000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001868","name":"National Science Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NMRPG8C0041"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NMRPG8C0041"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001868","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Dig Dis Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,9]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-019-05571-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,5]],"date-time":"2019-03-05T12:04:57Z","timestamp":1551787497000},"page":"2563-2569","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Pre-S\/Surface and Core Promoter\/Precore Mutations in Chronic Hepatitis B Patients with Severe Acute Exacerbation"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"64","author":[{"given":"Yi-Hsing","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sheng-Nan","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jing-Hung","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chao-Hung","family":"Hung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tsung-Hui","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chien-Hung","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"5571_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1733","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199712113372406","volume":"337","author":"WM Lee","year":"1997","unstructured":"Lee WM. Hepatitis B virus infection. N Engl J Med. 1997;337:1733\u20131745.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"5571_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1126\/science.8211155","volume":"262","author":"DS Chen","year":"1993","unstructured":"Chen DS. From hepatitis to hepatoma: lessons from type B viral hepatitis. Science. 1993;262:369\u2013370.","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"5571_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1478-3231.2008.01941.x","volume":"29","author":"YF Liaw","year":"2009","unstructured":"Liaw YF. Natural history of chronic hepatitis B virus infection and long-term outcome under treatment. Liver Int. 2009;29:100\u2013107.","journal-title":"Liver Int"},{"key":"5571_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1143","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0142(19991001)86:7<1143::AID-CNCR7>3.0.CO;2-Z","volume":"86","author":"CM Lee","year":"1999","unstructured":"Lee CM, Lu SN, Changchien CS, et al. Age, gender, and local geographic variations of viral etiology of hepatocellular carcinoma in a hyperendemic area for hepatitis B virus infection. Cancer. 1999;86:1143\u20131150.","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"5571_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2934","DOI":"10.1016\/0168-8278(90)90069-4","volume":"10","author":"AS Lok","year":"1990","unstructured":"Lok AS, Lai CL. Acute exacerbation in Chinese patients with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. Incidence, predisposing factors and etiology. J Hepatol. 1990;10:2934.","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"5571_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1179","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1746.2009.05924.x","volume":"24","author":"VW Wong","year":"2009","unstructured":"Wong VW, Chan HL. Severe acute exacerbation of chronic hepatitis B: a unique presentation of a common disease. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2009;24:1179\u20131186.","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"5571_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1007\/s12072-008-9080-3","volume":"2","author":"YF Liaw","year":"2008","unstructured":"Liaw YF, Leung N, Kao JH, et al. Asian-Pacific consensus statement on the management of chronic hepatitis B: a 2008 update. Hepatol Int. 2008;2:263\u2013283.","journal-title":"Hepatol Int"},{"key":"5571_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.iy.13.040195.000333","volume":"13","author":"FV Chisari","year":"1995","unstructured":"Chisari FV. Hepatitis B virus immunopathogenesis. Annu Rev Immunol. 1995;13:29\u201360.","journal-title":"Annu Rev Immunol"},{"key":"5571_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-3527(08)60298-5","volume":"52","author":"S Gunther","year":"1999","unstructured":"Gunther S, Fischer L, Pult I, Sterneck M, Will H. Naturally occurring variants of hepatitis B virus. Adv Virus Res. 1999;52:25\u2013137.","journal-title":"Adv Virus Res"},{"key":"5571_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.510260235","volume":"26","author":"T Pollicino","year":"1997","unstructured":"Pollicino T, Zanett AR, Cacciola I, et al. Pre-S2 defective hepatitis B virus infection in patients with fulminant hepatitis. Hepatology. 1997;26:495\u2013499.","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"5571_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2014.04.041","volume":"61","author":"T Pollicino","year":"2014","unstructured":"Pollicino T, Cacciola I, Saffioti F, Raimondo G. Hepatitis B virus PreS\/S gene variants: pathobiology and clinical implications. J Hepatol. 2014;61:408\u2013417.","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"5571_CR12","unstructured":"Dao D, Yuan H, Balko JA, Apica BS, Lee WM. Role of HBsAg mutations in patients with hepatitis B-related acute liver failure (HBV-ALF). 2012, AASLD, abstract 238."},{"key":"5571_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1087","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(91)90286-T","volume":"100","author":"Y Kosaka","year":"1991","unstructured":"Kosaka Y, Takase K, Kojima M, et al. Fulminant hepatitis B: induction by hepatitis B virus mutants defective in the precore region and incapable of encoding e antigen. Gastroenterology. 1991;100:1087\u20131094.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"5571_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-122-4-199502150-00001","volume":"122","author":"S Sato","year":"1995","unstructured":"Sato S, Suzuki K, Akahane Y, et al. Hepatitis B virus strains with mutations in the core promoter in patients with fulminant hepatitis. Ann Intern Med. 1995;122:241\u2013248.","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"5571_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.21249","volume":"44","author":"A Ozasa","year":"2006","unstructured":"Ozasa A, Tanaka Y, Orito E, et al. Influence of genotypes and precore mutations on fulminant or chronic outcome of acute hepatitis B virus infection. Hepatology. 2006;44:326\u2013343.","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"5571_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"558","DOI":"10.1007\/s00535-008-2197-2","volume":"43","author":"K Hayashi","year":"2008","unstructured":"Hayashi K, Katano Y, Takeda Y, et al. Association of hepatitis B virus subgenotypes and basal core promoter\/precore region variants with the clinical features of patients with acute hepatitis. J Gastroenterol. 2008;43:558\u2013564.","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"5571_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"887","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2893.2009.01254.x","volume":"17","author":"X Ren","year":"2010","unstructured":"Ren X, Xu Z, Liu Y, et al. Hepatitis B virus genotype and basal core promoter\/precore mutations are associated with hepatitis B-related acute-on-chronic liver failure without pre-existing liver cirrhosis. J Viral Hepat. 2010;17:887\u2013895.","journal-title":"J Viral Hepat"},{"key":"5571_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1544","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.22159","volume":"83","author":"L Xiao","year":"2011","unstructured":"Xiao L, Zhou B, Gao H, et al. Hepatitis B virus genotype B with G1896A and A1762T\/G1764A mutations is associated with hepatitis B related acute-on-chronic liver failure. J Med Virol. 2011;83:1544\u20131550.","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"key":"5571_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.510240203","volume":"24","author":"M Sterneck","year":"1996","unstructured":"Sterneck M, G\u00fcnther S, Santantonio T, et al. Hepatitis B virus genomes of patients with fulminant hepatitis do not share a specific mutation. Hepatology. 1996;24:300\u2013306.","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"5571_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1154","DOI":"10.1053\/jhep.2000.19623","volume":"32","author":"YK Chun","year":"2005","unstructured":"Chun YK, Kim JY, Woo HJ, et al. No significant correlation exists between core promoter mutations, viral replication and liver damage in chronic hepatitis B infection. Hepatology. 2005;32:1154\u20131162.","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"5571_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1127","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2014.02.013","volume":"60","author":"CH Chen","year":"2014","unstructured":"Chen CH, Lin CL, Hu TH, et al. Entecavir vs. lamivudine in chronic hepatitis B patients with severe acute exacerbation and hepatic decompensation. J Hepatol. 2014;60:1127\u20131134.","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"5571_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s12072-015-9675-4","volume":"10","author":"SK Sarin","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sarin SK, Kumar M, Lau GK, et al. Asian-Pacific clinical practice guidelines on the management of hepatitis B: a\u00a02015\u00a0update. Hepatol Int. 2016;10:1\u201398.","journal-title":"Hepatol Int"},{"key":"5571_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1007\/s12072-008-9106-x","volume":"3","author":"SK Sarin","year":"2009","unstructured":"Sarin SK, Kumar A, Almeida JA, et al. Acute-on-chronic liver failure: consensus recommendations of the Asian Pacific Association for the study of the liver (APASL). Hepatol Int. 2009;3:269\u2013282.","journal-title":"Hepatol Int"},{"key":"5571_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6000","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.43.12.6000-6006.2005","volume":"43","author":"CH Chen","year":"2005","unstructured":"Chen CH, Lee CM, Lu SN, et al. Clinical significance of hepatitis B virus (HBV) genotypes and precore and core promoter mutations affecting HBV e antigen expression in Taiwan. J Clin Microbiol. 2005;43:6000\u20136006.","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"5571_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"806","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1478-3231.2007.01505.x","volume":"27","author":"CH Chen","year":"2007","unstructured":"Chen CH, Lee CM, Hung CH, et al. Clinical significance and evolution of core promoter and precore mutations in HBeAg-positive patients with HBV genotype B and C: a longitudinal study. Liver Int. 2007;27:806\u2013815.","journal-title":"Liver Int"},{"key":"5571_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1466","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2007.09.002","volume":"133","author":"CH Chen","year":"2007","unstructured":"Chen CH, Hung CH, Lee CM, et al. Pre-S deletion and complex mutations of hepatitis B virus related to advanced liver disease in HBeAg-negative patients. Gastroenterology. 2007;133:1466\u20131474.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"5571_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1080\/00365521.2018.12027892","volume":"1","author":"CM Lee","year":"2003","unstructured":"Lee CM, Chen CH, Lu SN, et al. Prevalence and clinical implications of hepatitis B virus genotypes in southern Taiwan. Scand J Gastroenterol. 2003;1:95\u2013101.","journal-title":"Scand J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"5571_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"996","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.22067","volume":"83","author":"T Yan","year":"2011","unstructured":"Yan T, Li K, Li F, et al. T1846 and A\/G1913 are associated with acute on chronic liver failure in patients infected with hepatitis B virus genotypes B and C. J Med Virol. 2011;83:996\u20131004.","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"key":"5571_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0123139","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0123139","volume":"10","author":"H Xu","year":"2015","unstructured":"Xu H, Zhao M, Lou G, Zheng M, Cao Q, Chen Z. New point mutations in surface and core genes of hepatitis B virus associated with acute on chronic liver failure identified by complete genomic sequencing. PLoS One. 2015;10:e0123139.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"5571_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1007\/s12072-012-9365-4","volume":"6","author":"YF Liaw","year":"2012","unstructured":"Liaw YF, Kao JH, Piratvisuth T, et al. Asian-Pacific consensus statement on the management of chronic hepatitis B: a 2012 update. Hepatol Int. 2012;6:531\u2013561.","journal-title":"Hepatol Int"},{"key":"5571_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.28156","volume":"63","author":"NA Terrault","year":"2016","unstructured":"Terrault NA, Bzowej NH, Chang KM, Hwang JP, Jonas MM, Murad MH. AASLD guidelines for treatment of chronic hepatitis B. Hepatology. 2016;63:261\u2013283.","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"5571_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2017.03.021","volume":"67","author":"European Association for the Study of the Liver.EASL","year":"2017","unstructured":"European Association for the Study of the Liver.EASL. Clinical practice guidelines\u00a0on the management of hepatitis B virus infection. J Hepatol. 2017;67:370\u2013379.","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"5571_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1630","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.52.11.1630","volume":"52","author":"T Imamura","year":"2003","unstructured":"Imamura T, Yokosuka O, Kurihara T, et al. Distribution of hepatitis B viral genotypes and mutations in the core promoter and precore regions in acute forms of liver disease in patients from Chiba, Japan. Gut. 2003;52:1630\u20131637.","journal-title":"Gut"}],"container-title":["Digestive Diseases and Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10620-019-05571-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10620-019-05571-0\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10620-019-05571-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,3]],"date-time":"2020-03-03T19:16:25Z","timestamp":1583262985000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10620-019-05571-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,5]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,9]]}},"alternative-id":["5571"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10620-019-05571-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["0163-2116","1573-2568"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0163-2116"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1573-2568"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2 July 2018","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"28 February 2019","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"5 March 2019","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"value":"There is no conflict of interest to disclose for all authors.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}