{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T16:18:54Z","timestamp":1784564334735,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,9]],"date-time":"2020-10-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1602201600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,9]],"date-time":"2020-10-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1602201600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Dig Dis Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-020-06630-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,9]],"date-time":"2020-10-09T03:51:53Z","timestamp":1602215513000},"page":"3199-3208","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Safety of Chronic Simvastatin Treatment in Patients with Decompensated Cirrhosis: Many Adverse Events but No Liver Injury"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"66","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5458-4692","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alberto E.","family":"Mu\u00f1oz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Florencia","family":"Pollarsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M\u00f3nica","family":"Marino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mariano","family":"Cartier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlos","family":"M\u00edguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Horacio","family":"V\u00e1zquez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"\u00c1lvarez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pablo","family":"Salgado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gustavo","family":"Romero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"6630_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2005.10.013","volume":"44","author":"G D'Amico","year":"2006","unstructured":"D'Amico G, Garcia-Tsao G, Pagliaro L. Natural history and prognostic indicators of survival in cirrhosis: a systematic review of 118 studies. J Hepatol. 2006;44:217-231.","journal-title":"J Hepatol."},{"key":"6630_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"G407","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00441.2016","volume":"312","author":"R Schierwagen","year":"2017","unstructured":"Schierwagen R, Uschner FE, Magdaleno F, et\u00a0al. Rationale for the use of statins in liver disease. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 2017;312:G407-G412.","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol."},{"key":"6630_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-009-0738-z","volume":"55","author":"E Kalaitzakis","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kalaitzakis E, Rosengren A, Skommevik T, et\u00a0al. Coronary artery disease in patients with liver cirrhosis. Dig Dis Sci. 2010;55:467-475. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10620-009-0738-z","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci."},{"key":"6630_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"866","DOI":"10.1097\/MCG.0000000000000323","volume":"49","author":"MH Wehmeyer","year":"2015","unstructured":"Wehmeyer MH, Heuer AJ, Benten D, et\u00a0al. High rate of cardiac abnormalities in a postmortem analysis of patients suffering from liver cirrhosis. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2015;49:866-872.","journal-title":"J Clin Gastroenterol."},{"key":"6630_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1355","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-018-5006-7","volume":"63","author":"KV Danielsen","year":"2018","unstructured":"Danielsen KV, Wiese S, Hove J, et\u00a0al. Pronounced coronary arteriosclerosis in cirrhosis: Influence on cardiac function and survival? Dig Dis Sci. 2018;63:1355-1362. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10620-018-5006-7","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci."},{"key":"6630_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2889","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2013.11.002","volume":"63","author":"NS Stone","year":"2014","unstructured":"Stone NS, Robinson JG, Lichtenstein AH, et\u00a0al. 2013 ACC\/AHA Guideline on the treatment of blood cholesterol to reduce atherosclerotic cardiovascular risk in adults: a report of the American College of Cardiology\/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2014;63:2889-2934.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol."},{"key":"6630_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1983","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.25915","volume":"56","author":"EA Tsochatzis","year":"2012","unstructured":"Tsochatzis EA, Bosch J, Burroughs AK. New therapeutic paradigm for patients with cirrhosis. Hepatology. 2012;56:1983-1992.","journal-title":"Hepatology."},{"key":"6630_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1097\/MAJ.0b013e3181e15da8","volume":"340","author":"FS Rzouq","year":"2010","unstructured":"Rzouq FS, Volk ML, Hatoum HH, et\u00a0al. Hepatotoxicity fears contribute to underutilization of statin medications by primary care physicians. Am J Med Sci. 2010;340:89-93.","journal-title":"Am J Med Sci."},{"key":"6630_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1453","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.21848","volume":"46","author":"JH Lewis","year":"2007","unstructured":"Lewis JH, Mortensen ME, Zweig S, et\u00a0al. Efficacy and safety of high-dose pravastatin in hypercholesterolemic patients with well-compensated chronic liver disease: results of a prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter trial. Hepatology. 2007;46:1453-1463.","journal-title":"Hepatology."},{"issue":"supp1","key":"6630_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77C","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2005.12.014","volume":"97","author":"DE Cohen","year":"2006","unstructured":"Cohen DE, Anania FA, Chalasani N. An assessment of statin safety by hepatologists. Am J Cardiol. 2006;97:77C-81C.","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol."},{"issue":"1160\u20131170","key":"6630_CR11","first-page":"e3","volume":"150","author":"J Abraldes","year":"2016","unstructured":"Abraldes J, Villanueva C, Aracil C, et\u00a0al. Addition of simvastatin to standard therapy for the prevention of variceal rebleeding does not reduce rebleeding but increases survival in patients with cirrhosis. Gastroenterology. 2016;150:1160-1170.e3.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology."},{"key":"6630_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1495","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2017.170","volume":"112","author":"S Kamal","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kamal S, Khan M, Seth A, et\u00a0al. Beneficial effects of statins on the rates of hepatic fibrosis, hepatic decompensation, and mortality in chronic liver disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Gastroenterol. 2017;112:1495-505.","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol."},{"key":"6630_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2008.03448.x","volume":"71","author":"P Lee","year":"2009","unstructured":"Lee P, Greenfield JR, Campbell LV. Vitamin D insufficiency-a novel mechanism of statin-induced myalgia? Clin Endocrinol. 2009;71:154-155.","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol."},{"key":"6630_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bent S, Padula A, Avins AL. Brief communication: Better ways to question patients about adverse medical events. A randomized, controlled trial. Ann Intern Med. 2006;144:257\u2013261.","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-144-4-200602210-00007"},{"key":"6630_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1127","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(91)90182-K","volume":"68","author":"S Boccuzzi","year":"1991","unstructured":"Boccuzzi S, Bocanegra T, Walker F, et\u00a0al. Long-term safety and efficacy of simvastatin. Am J Cardiol. 1991;68:1127-1131.","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol."},{"key":"6630_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"806","DOI":"10.1038\/clpt.2011.58","volume":"89","author":"G Aithal","year":"2011","unstructured":"Aithal G, Watkins P, Andrade R, et\u00a0al. Case definition and phenotype standardization in drug-induced liver injury. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2011;89:806-815.","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacol Ther."},{"key":"6630_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S58","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacl.2014.03.004","volume":"8","author":"R Rosenson","year":"2014","unstructured":"Rosenson R, Baker S, Jacobson T, et\u00a0al. An assessment by the statin muscle safety task force: 2014 update. J Clin Lipidol. 2014;8:S58-S71.","journal-title":"J Clin Lipidol."},{"key":"6630_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1220","DOI":"10.2174\/1381612820666141013134447","volume":"21","author":"I Simic","year":"2015","unstructured":"Simic I, Reiner Z. Adverse effects of statins - myths and reality. Curr Pharm Des. 2015;21:1220-1226.","journal-title":"Curr Pharm Des."},{"key":"6630_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2395","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2016.02.071","volume":"67","author":"P Thompson","year":"2016","unstructured":"Thompson P, Panza G, Zaleski A, et\u00a0al. Statin-associated side effects. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2016;67:2395-2410.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol."},{"key":"6630_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1111\/bcp.12182","volume":"77","author":"A Albarmawi","year":"2014","unstructured":"Albarmawi A, Czock D, Gauss A, et\u00a0al. CYP3A activity in severe liver cirrhosis correlates with Child-Pugh and model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) scores. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2014;77:160-169.","journal-title":"Br J Clin Pharmacol."},{"key":"6630_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(19)30320-6","volume":"5","author":"E Pose","year":"2020","unstructured":"Pose E, Napoleone L, Amin A, et\u00a0al. Safety of two different doses of simvastatin plus rifaximin in decompensated cirrhosis (LIVERHOPE-SAFETY): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 2 trial. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2020;5:31-41.","journal-title":"Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol."},{"key":"6630_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3846","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2013.06.024","volume":"168","author":"MJ Tikkanen","year":"2013","unstructured":"Tikkanen MJ, Fayyad R, Faergeman O, et\u00a0al. Effect of intensive lipid lowering with atorvastatin on cardiovascular outcomes in coronary heart disease patients with mild-to-moderate baseline elevations in alanine aminotransferase levels. Int J Cardiol. 2013;168:3846-3852.","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol."},{"key":"6630_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e38","DOI":"10.1161\/ATV.0000000000000073","volume":"39","author":"CB Newman","year":"2019","unstructured":"Newman CB, Preiss D, Tobert JA, et\u00a0al. Statin safety and associated adverse events: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2019;39:e38-e81.","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol."},{"key":"6630_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.eurheartj.a060485","volume":"15","author":"A Keech","year":"1994","unstructured":"Keech A, Collins R, MacMahon S, et\u00a0al. Three-year follow-up of the Oxford Cholesterol Study: assessment of the efficacy and safety of simvastatin in preparation for a large mortality study. Eur Heart J. 1994;15:255-269.","journal-title":"Eur Heart J."},{"key":"6630_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)09327-3","volume":"360","author":"Heart Protection Study Collaborative Group","year":"2002","unstructured":"Heart Protection Study Collaborative Group. MRC\/BHF Heart Protection Study of cholesterol lowering with simvastatin in 20,536 high risk individuals: a randomised placebo-controlled trial. Lancet. 2002;360:7-22.","journal-title":"Lancet."},{"key":"6630_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"768","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2009.02521.x","volume":"104","author":"C Verrill","year":"2009","unstructured":"Verrill C, Markham H, Templeton A, et\u00a0al. Alcohol-related cirrhosis-early abstinence is a key factor in prognosis, even in the most severe cases. Addiction. 2009;104:768-774.","journal-title":"Addiction."}],"container-title":["Digestive Diseases and Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10620-020-06630-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10620-020-06630-7\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10620-020-06630-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,10]],"date-time":"2021-10-10T08:20:35Z","timestamp":1633854035000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10620-020-06630-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,9]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]}},"alternative-id":["6630"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10620-020-06630-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["0163-2116","1573-2568"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0163-2116","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-2568","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"11 June 2020","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"20 September 2020","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"9 October 2020","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with Ethical Standards"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}