{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,23]],"date-time":"2026-08-23T17:20:52Z","timestamp":1787505652744,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,9]],"date-time":"2022-03-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646784000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,9]],"date-time":"2022-03-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646784000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000062","name":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K23-DK117055"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K23-DK117055"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000062","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Dig Dis Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-022-07454-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,9]],"date-time":"2022-03-09T06:03:02Z","timestamp":1646805782000},"page":"5327-5335","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Incidence of, Risk Factors for, and Outcomes After Ascites in a Population-Based Cohort of Older Americans"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"67","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0839-1515","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elliot B.","family":"Tapper","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhe","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nik","family":"Mazumder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Neehar D.","family":"Parikh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"7454_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tapper E, Kanwal F, Asrani S, et al. Patient reported outcomes in cirrhosis: a scoping review of the literature. Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.) 2017.","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.29756"},{"key":"7454_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1180","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.12721","volume":"39","author":"G D'Amico","year":"2014","unstructured":"D\u2019Amico G, Pasta L, Morabito A et al. Competing risks and prognostic stages of cirrhosis: a 25-year inception cohort study of 494 patients. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2014;39:1180\u20131193.","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"7454_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2005.10.013","volume":"44","author":"G D'Amico","year":"2006","unstructured":"D\u2019Amico G, Garcia-Tsao G, Pagliaro L. Natural history and prognostic indicators of survival in cirrhosis: a systematic review of 118 studies. J Hepatol 2006;44:217\u2013231.","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"7454_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2017.10.020","volume":"68","author":"G D'Amico","year":"2018","unstructured":"D\u2019Amico G, Morabito A, D\u2019Amico M et al. Clinical states of cirrhosis and competing risks. J Hepatol 2018;68:563\u2013576.","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"7454_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1696","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.13151","volume":"36","author":"P Jepsen","year":"2016","unstructured":"Jepsen P, Lash TL, Vilstrup H. The clinical course of alcoholic cirrhosis: development of comorbid diseases. A Danish nationwide cohort study. Liver Int 2016;36:1696\u20131703.","journal-title":"Liver Int"},{"key":"7454_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1675","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.23500","volume":"51","author":"P Jepsen","year":"2010","unstructured":"Jepsen P, Ott P, Andersen PK et al. Clinical course of alcoholic liver cirrhosis: A Danish population-based cohort study. Hepatology 2010;51:1675\u20131682.","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"7454_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Parikh ND, Marrero WJ, Wang J, et al. Projected increase in obesity and non\u2010alcoholic\u2010steatohepatitis\u2013related liver transplantation waitlist additions in the United States. Hepatology 2017; doi:10.1007\/s10620-021-07367-7.","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.29473"},{"key":"7454_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tapper EB, Henderson JB, Parikh ND, et al. Incidence of and risk factors for hepatic encephalopathy in a population\u2010based cohort of Americans with cirrhosis. Hepatol Commun 2019.","DOI":"10.1002\/hep4.1425"},{"key":"7454_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1498","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.29628","volume":"68","author":"EB Tapper","year":"2018","unstructured":"Tapper EB, Parikh ND, Sengupta N et al. A risk score to predict the development of hepatic encephalopathy in a population-based cohort of patients with cirrhosis. Hepatology 2018;68:1498\u20131507.","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"7454_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"690","DOI":"10.1097\/MCG.0000000000000208","volume":"49","author":"S Scaglione","year":"2015","unstructured":"Scaglione S, Kliethermes S, Cao G et al. The epidemiology of cirrhosis in the United States. J Clin Gastroenterol 2015;49:690\u2013696.","journal-title":"J Clin Gastroenterol"},{"key":"7454_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1097\/TP.0000000000000090","volume":"98","author":"SR Sharpton","year":"2014","unstructured":"Sharpton SR, Feng S, Hameed B et al. Combined effects of recipient age and model for end-stage liver disease score on liver transplantation outcomes. Transplantation 2014;98:557.","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"key":"7454_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1597","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)31875-0","volume":"393","author":"C Villanueva","year":"2019","unstructured":"Villanueva C, Albillos A, Genesc\u00e0 J et al. \u03b2 blockers to prevent decompensation of cirrhosis in patients with clinically significant portal hypertension (PREDESCI): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicentre trial. The Lancet 2019;393:1597\u20131608.","journal-title":"The Lancet"},{"key":"7454_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.15326","volume":"50","author":"S Salehi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Salehi S, Tranah TH, Lim S et al. Rifaximin reduces the incidence of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, variceal bleeding and all-cause admissions in patients on the liver transplant waiting list. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2019;50:435\u2013441.","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"7454_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1253","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2012.07.018","volume":"143","author":"E Villa","year":"2012","unstructured":"Villa E, Camm\u00e0 C, Marietta M et al. Enoxaparin prevents portal vein thrombosis and liver decompensation in patients with advanced cirrhosis. Gastroenterology 2012;143:1253-1260.e4.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"7454_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.24616","volume":"55","author":"MO Rakoski","year":"2012","unstructured":"Rakoski MO, McCammon RJ, Piette JD et al. Burden of cirrhosis on older Americans and their families: analysis of the health and retirement study. Hepatology 2012;55:184\u2013191.","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"7454_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1677","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2018.01.042","volume":"16","author":"S Mapakshi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Mapakshi S, Kramer JR, Richardson P et al. Positive predictive value of international classification of diseases, 10th revision, codes for cirrhosis and its related complications. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2018;16:1677\u20131678.","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"7454_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Gonzalez JJ, Dziwis J, Patel YA, et al. Identifying ascites in patients with cirrhosis using administrative codes and diuretic use: a multicenter study. Dig Dis Sci 2022.https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10620-021-07367-7","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-021-07367-7"},{"key":"7454_CR18","unstructured":"Kaplan DE, Serper M, John BV, et al. Effects of metformin exposure on survival in a large national cohort of patients with diabetes and cirrhosis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2020."},{"key":"7454_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2015.10.007","volume":"150","author":"A Mohanty","year":"2016","unstructured":"Mohanty A, Tate JP, Garcia-Tsao G. Statins are associated with a decreased risk of decompensation and death in veterans with hepatitis C\u2013related compensated cirrhosis. Gastroenterology 2016;150:430-440.e1.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"7454_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1016\/0895-4356(92)90133-8","volume":"45","author":"RA Deyo","year":"1992","unstructured":"Deyo RA, Cherkin DC, Ciol MA. Adapting a clinical comorbidity index for use with ICD-9-CM administrative databases. J Clin Epidemiol 1992;45:613\u2013619.","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"7454_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mellinger JL, Shedden K, Winder GS, et al. The high burden of alcoholic cirrhosis in privately insured persons in the United States. Hepatology 2018.","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.29887"},{"key":"7454_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1726","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.29546","volume":"67","author":"AM Allen","year":"2018","unstructured":"Allen AM, Therneau TM, Larson JJ et al. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease incidence and impact on metabolic burden and death: A 20 year-community study. Hepatology 2018;67:1726\u20131736.","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"7454_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"b5087","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.b5087","volume":"340","author":"LE L\u00e9vesque","year":"2010","unstructured":"L\u00e9vesque LE, Hanley JA, Kezouh A et al. Problem of immortal time bias in cohort studies: example using statins for preventing progression of diabetes. Bmj 2010;340:b5087.","journal-title":"Bmj"},{"key":"7454_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.27598","volume":"62","author":"P Jepsen","year":"2015","unstructured":"Jepsen P, Vilstrup H, Andersen PK. The clinical course of cirrhosis: the importance of multistate models and competing risks analysis. Hepatology 2015;62:292\u2013302.","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"7454_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1559","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2029349","volume":"385","author":"AJ Sanyal","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sanyal AJ, Van Natta ML, Clark J et al. Prospective study of outcomes in adults with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. N Eng J Med 2021;385:1559\u20131569.","journal-title":"N Eng J Med"},{"key":"7454_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kimer N, Gr\u00f8nb\u00e6k H, Fred RG, et al. Atorvastatin for prevention of disease progression and hospitalisation in liver cirrhosis: protocol for a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. BMJ open 2020;10.","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2019-035284"},{"key":"7454_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.31264","volume":"73","author":"M Serper","year":"2021","unstructured":"Serper M, Weinberg EM, Cohen JB et al. Mortality and hepatic decompensation in patients with cirrhosis and atrial fibrillation treated with anticoagulation. Hepatology 2021;73:219\u2013232.","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"7454_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lai JC, Tandon P, Bernal W, et al. Malnutrition, frailty, and sarcopenia in patients with cirrhosis: 2021 practice guidance by the American association for the study of liver diseases. Hepatology 2021.","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.32049"},{"key":"7454_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"616","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2010.03.029","volume":"8","author":"S Montoliu","year":"2010","unstructured":"Montoliu S, Balleste B, Planas R et al. Incidence and prognosis of different types of functional renal failure in cirrhotic patients with ascites. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2010;8:616\u2013622.","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"7454_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1033","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2011.12.008","volume":"56","author":"A Rodr\u00edguez-Vilarrupla","year":"2012","unstructured":"Rodr\u00edguez-Vilarrupla A, Lavi\u00f1a B, Garc\u00eda-Calder\u00f3 H et al. PPAR\u03b1 activation improves endothelial dysfunction and reduces fibrosis and portal pressure in cirrhotic rats. J Hepatol 2012;56:1033\u20131039.","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"7454_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tapper EB, Aberasturi D, Zhao Z, et al. Outcomes after hepatic encephalopathy in population\u2010based cohorts of patients with cirrhosis. Alimentary Pharmacol Ther 2020.","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.15749"}],"container-title":["Digestive Diseases and Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10620-022-07454-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10620-022-07454-3\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10620-022-07454-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,22]],"date-time":"2022-10-22T01:25:56Z","timestamp":1666401956000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10620-022-07454-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,9]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]}},"alternative-id":["7454"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10620-022-07454-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["0163-2116","1573-2568"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0163-2116","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-2568","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"11 January 2022","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"14 February 2022","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"9 March 2022","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Author declares that they have no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}