{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,29]],"date-time":"2025-04-29T17:31:47Z","timestamp":1745947907750,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,21]],"date-time":"2023-10-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1697846400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,21]],"date-time":"2023-10-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1697846400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Dig Dis Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-023-08105-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,21]],"date-time":"2023-10-21T12:02:10Z","timestamp":1697889730000},"page":"4381-4388","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Mortality Increased Among Hospitalized Patients with Cirrhosis Before and Following Different Waves of the COVID-19 Pandemic"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"68","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5423-8749","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patrick A.","family":"Twohig","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kyle","family":"Scholten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Makayla","family":"Schissel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kevin","family":"Brittan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jason","family":"Barbaretta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kaeli","family":"Samson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lynette","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Mailliard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thoetchai Bee","family":"Peeraphatdit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"8105_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjgast-2021-000739","volume":"8","author":"P Middleton","year":"2021","unstructured":"Middleton P, Hsu C, Lythgoe MP. Clinical outcomes in COVID-19 and cirrhosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. BMJ Open Gastroenterol. 2021;8:e000739.","journal-title":"BMJ Open Gastroenterol."},{"key":"8105_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1499","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.3633","volume":"323","author":"S Murthy","year":"2020","unstructured":"Murthy S, Gomersall CD, Fowler RA. Care for critically Ill patients with COVID-19. JAMA. 2020;323:1499\u20131500.","journal-title":"JAMA."},{"key":"8105_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0243191","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0243191","volume":"15","author":"K Dorjee","year":"2020","unstructured":"Dorjee K, Kim H, Bonomo E, Dolma R. Prevalence and predictors of death and severe disease in patients hospitalized due to COVID-19: a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis of 77 studies and 38,000 patients. PLoS ONE. 2020;15:e0243191.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE."},{"key":"8105_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1007\/s12072-020-10127-w","volume":"15","author":"J Li","year":"2021","unstructured":"Li J, Liu D, Yan J, Tan Y. Reductions in liver cirrhosis hospitalizations during the COVID-19 pandemic. Hepatol Int. 2021;15:213\u2013214.","journal-title":"Hepatol Int."},{"key":"8105_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1170","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2021.10.030","volume":"20","author":"AA Shaheen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Shaheen AA, Kong K, Ma C et al. Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on hospitalizations for alcoholic hepatitis or cirrhosis in Alberta, Canada. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2022;20:e1170\u2013e1179.","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol."},{"key":"8105_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"762","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.15172","volume":"42","author":"HC Gonzalez","year":"2022","unstructured":"Gonzalez HC, Zhou Y, Nimri FM et al. Alcohol-related hepatitis admissions increased 50% in the first months of the COVID-19 pandemic in the USA. Liver Int. 2022;42:762\u2013764.","journal-title":"Liver Int."},{"key":"8105_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1134","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2020.05.005","volume":"159","author":"N Mahmud","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mahmud N, Hubbard RA, Kaplan DE, Serper M. Declining cirrhosis hospitalizations in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic: a national cohort study. Gastroenterology 2020;159:1134\u20131136.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"8105_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.15813","volume":"52","author":"I Garrido","year":"2020","unstructured":"Garrido I, Liberal R, Macedo G. Review article: COVID-19 and liver disease-what we know on 1st May 2020. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2020;52:267\u2013275.","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"8105_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2000547","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.00547-2020","volume":"55","author":"WJ Guan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Guan WJ, Liang WH, Zhao Y et al. Comorbidity and its impact on 1590 patients with COVID-19 in China: a nationwide analysis. Eur Respir J 2020;55:2000547.","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"8105_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1616","DOI":"10.1002\/hep4.1747","volume":"5","author":"AM Moon","year":"2021","unstructured":"Moon AM, Curtis B, Mandrekar P et al. Alcohol-associated liver disease before and after COVID-19-an overview and call for ongoing investigation. Hepatol Commun. 2021;5:1616\u20131621.","journal-title":"Hepatol Commun."},{"key":"8105_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2020.1997","volume":"3","author":"G Hirode","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hirode G, Saab S, Wong RJ. Trends in the burden of chronic liver disease among hospitalized US adults. JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3:e201997.","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open."},{"key":"8105_CR12","unstructured":"The Nielsen Company. Rebalancing the \u2018COVID-19 Effect\u2019 on alcohol sales. Volume 2021, 2020."},{"key":"8105_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2020.22942","volume":"3","author":"MS Pollard","year":"2020","unstructured":"Pollard MS, Tucker JS, Green HD Jr. Changes in adult alcohol use and consequences during the COVID-19 pandemic in the US. JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3:e2022942.","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open."},{"key":"8105_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1080\/00952990.2020.1832508","volume":"47","author":"SM Weerakoon","year":"2021","unstructured":"Weerakoon SM, Jetelina KK, Knell G. Longer time spent at home during COVID-19 pandemic is associated with binge drinking among US adults. Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse. 2021;47:98\u2013106.","journal-title":"Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse."},{"key":"8105_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.k2817","volume":"362","author":"EB Tapper","year":"2018","unstructured":"Tapper EB, Parikh ND. Mortality due to cirrhosis and liver cancer in the United States, 1999\u20132016: observational study. BMJ 2018;362:k2817.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"8105_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2142","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2022.03.017","volume":"20","author":"S Deutsch-Link","year":"2022","unstructured":"Deutsch-Link S, Jiang Y, Peery AF et al. Alcohol-associated liver disease mortality increased from 2017 to 2020 and accelerated during the COVID-19 pandemic. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022;20:2142\u20132144.","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"8105_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2020-322118","volume":"70","author":"JS Bajaj","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bajaj JS, Garcia-Tsao G, Biggins SW et al. Comparison of mortality risk in patients with cirrhosis and COVID-19 compared with patients with cirrhosis alone and COVID-19 alone: multicentre matched cohort. Gut 2021;70:531\u2013536.","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"8105_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1469","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2020.09.027","volume":"19","author":"D Kim","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kim D, Adeniji N, Latt N et al. Predictors of outcomes of COVID-19 in patients with chronic liver disease: US multi-center study. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021;19:1469\u20131479.","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"8105_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1102","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.31307","volume":"72","author":"BL Da","year":"2020","unstructured":"Da BL, Im GY, Schiano TD. Coronavirus disease 2019 hangover: a rising tide of alcohol use disorder and alcohol-associated liver disease. Hepatology 2020;72:1102\u20131108.","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"8105_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0000000000003521","volume":"75","author":"S Cooper","year":"2022","unstructured":"Cooper S, Tobar A, Konen O et al. Long COVID-19 liver manifestation in children. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2022;75:244\u2013251.","journal-title":"J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr"},{"key":"8105_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"ofac003","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofac003","volume":"9","author":"J Milic","year":"2022","unstructured":"Milic J, Barbieri S, Gozzi L et al. Metabolic-associated fatty liver disease is highly prevalent in the postacute COVID syndrome. Open Forum Infect Dis 2022;9:ofac003.","journal-title":"Open Forum Infect Dis"},{"key":"8105_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"828","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.12137","volume":"33","author":"M Vergara","year":"2013","unstructured":"Vergara M, Cleries M, Vela E et al. Hospital mortality over time in patients with specific complications of cirrhosis. Liver Int 2013;33:828\u2013833.","journal-title":"Liver Int"},{"key":"8105_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.31649","volume":"74","author":"GN Ioannou","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ioannou GN, Liang PS, Locke E et al. Cirrhosis and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection in US veterans: risk of infection, hospitalization, ventilation, and mortality. Hepatology 2021;74:322\u2013335.","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"8105_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.05.013","volume":"73","author":"AM Moon","year":"2020","unstructured":"Moon AM, Webb GJ, Aloman C et al. High mortality rates for SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients with pre-existing chronic liver disease and cirrhosis: preliminary results from an international registry. J Hepatol 2020;73:705\u2013708.","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"8105_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1007\/s40615-016-0223-2","volume":"4","author":"A Chakrabarti","year":"2017","unstructured":"Chakrabarti A, Osborne NH, Rangnekar AS et al. The effect of hospital characteristics on racial\/ethnic variation in cirrhosis mortality. J. Racial Ethnic Health Disparities 2017;4:243\u2013251.","journal-title":"J. Racial Ethnic Health Disparities"},{"key":"8105_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"945","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.27384","volume":"94","author":"R Nanchal","year":"2022","unstructured":"Nanchal R, Patel D, Guddati AK et al. Outcomes of Covid 19 patients-are hispanics at greater risk? J Med Virol 2022;94:945\u2013950.","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"key":"8105_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1097\/MLR.0000000000001710","volume":"60","author":"J Longcoy","year":"2022","unstructured":"Longcoy J, Patwari R, Hasler S et al. Racial and ethnic differences in hospital admissions of emergency department COVID-19 patients. Med Care 2022;60:415\u2013422.","journal-title":"Med Care"},{"key":"8105_CR28","first-page":"644","volume":"61","author":"M Jacobson","year":"2021","unstructured":"Jacobson M, Chang TY, Shah M et al. Racial and ethnic disparities in SARS-COV-2 testing and COVID-19 outcomes in a medicaid managed care cohort. AJPM 2021;61:644\u2013651.","journal-title":"AJPM"},{"key":"8105_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1246","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2010.06.019","volume":"139","author":"V Arvaniti","year":"2010","unstructured":"Arvaniti V, D\u2019Amico G, Fede G et al. Infections in patients with cirrhosis increase mortality four-fold and should be used in determining prognosis. Gastroenterology 2010;139:1246\u20131256.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"8105_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1385","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2014.08.010","volume":"61","author":"A Albillos","year":"2014","unstructured":"Albillos A, Lario M, \u00c1lvarez-Mon M. Cirrhosis-associated immune dysfunction: distinctive features and clinical relevance. J Hepatol 2014;61:1385\u20131396.","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"8105_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5888\/pcd17.200247","volume":"17","author":"DM Griffith","year":"2020","unstructured":"Griffith DM, Sharma G, Holliday CS et al. Men and COVID-19: a biopsychosocial approach to understanding sex differences in mortality and recommendations for practice and policy interventions. Prev Chronic Dis 2020;17:200247.","journal-title":"Prev Chronic Dis"},{"key":"8105_CR32","volume":"12","author":"R Nair","year":"2020","unstructured":"Nair R, Lak H, Hasan S et al. Reducing all-cause 30-day hospital readmissions for patients presenting with acute heart failure exacerbations: a quality improvement initiative. Cureus 2020;12:e7420.","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"8105_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2015.09.004","volume":"58","author":"B Ziaeian","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ziaeian B, Fonarow GC. The prevention of hospital readmissions in heart failure. Prog Cardiovasc Dis 2016;58:379\u2013385.","journal-title":"Prog Cardiovasc Dis"},{"key":"8105_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1052","DOI":"10.21037\/atm-20-1762","volume":"9","author":"SK Garg","year":"2021","unstructured":"Garg SK, Goyal H, Obaitan I et al. Incidence and predictors of 30-day hospital readmissions for liver cirrhosis: insights from the United States National Readmissions Database. Ann Transl Med 2021;9:1052.","journal-title":"Ann Transl Med"}],"container-title":["Digestive Diseases and Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10620-023-08105-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10620-023-08105-x\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10620-023-08105-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,9]],"date-time":"2023-11-09T14:11:19Z","timestamp":1699539079000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10620-023-08105-x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,21]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]}},"alternative-id":["8105"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10620-023-08105-x","relation":{},"ISSN":["0163-2116","1573-2568"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0163-2116"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1573-2568"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,21]]},"assertion":[{"value":"30 March 2023","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"30 August 2023","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"21 October 2023","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"All authors report no conflicts of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"This study was approved by the University of Nebraska Medical Center Institutional Review Board.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}}]}}